Compare Nauru (2006) - Brunei (2003)

Compare Nauru (2006) z Brunei (2003)

	Nauru (2006)	Brunei (2003)

Administrative divisions	14 districts; Aiwo, Anabar, Anetan, Anibare, Baiti, Boe, Buada, Denigomodu, Ewa, Ijuw, Meneng, Nibok, Uaboe, Yaren	4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei and Muara, Temburong, Tutong
Age structure	0-14 years: 36.9% (male 2,507/female 2,391) 15-64 years: 61.2% (male 4,004/female 4,123) 65 years and over: 2% (male 139/female 123) (2006 est.)	0-14 years: 29.6% (male 54,118; female 51,902) 15-64 years: 67.6% (male 128,421; female 113,480) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 4,804; female 5,373) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products	coconuts	rice, vegetables, fruits, chickens, water buffalo
Airports	1 (2006)	2 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2006)	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Area	total: 21 sq km land: 21 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 5,770 sq km land: 5,270 sq km water: 500 sq km
Area - comparative	about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC	slightly smaller than Delaware
Background	The exact origins of the Nauruans are unclear, since their language does not resemble any other in the Pacific. The island was annexed by Germany in 1888 and its phosphate deposits began to be mined early in the 20th century by a German-British consortium. Nauru was occupied by Australian forces in World War I and subsequently became a League of Nations mandate. After the Second World War - and a brutal occupation by Japan - Nauru became a UN trust territory. It achieved its independence in 1968 and joined the UN in 1999 as the world's smallest independent republic.	The Sultanate of Brunei's influence peaked between the 15th and 17th centuries when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. The same family has ruled Brunei for over six centuries. Brunei benefits from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields, the source of one of the highest per capita GDPs in the developing world.
Birth rate	24.76 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)	19.68 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget	revenues: $13.5 million expenditures: $13.5 million (2005)	revenues: $2.5 billion expenditures: $2.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.35 billion (1997 est.)
Capital	no official capital; government offices in Yaren District time difference: UTC+12 (17 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)	Bandar Seri Begawan
Climate	tropical with a monsoonal pattern; rainy season (November to February)	tropical; hot, humid, rainy
Coastline	30 km	161 km
Constitution	29 January 1968; amended 17 May 1968 (Constitution Day)	29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984)
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Nauru conventional short form: Nauru local long form: Republic of Nauru local short form: Nauru former: Pleasant Island	conventional long form: Negara Brunei Darussalam conventional short form: Brunei
Currency	-	Bruneian dollar (BND)
Death rate	6.7 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)	3.39 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external	$33.3 million (2002)	$0
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US does not have an embassy in Nauru; the US Ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Nauru	chief of mission: Ambassador Gene B. CHRISTY embassy: Third Floor, Teck Guan Plaza, Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan mailing address: PSC 470 (BSB), FPO AP 96507 telephone: [673] (2) 229670 FAX: [673] (2) 225293
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Vinci Niel CLODUMAR chancery: 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400 D, New York, NY 10017 telephone: [1] (212) 937-0074 FAX: [1] (212) 937-0079 consulate(s): Agana (Guam)	chief of mission: Ambassador Anak Dato Haji PUTEH chancery: 3520 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 237-1838 FAX: [1] (202) 885-0560
Disputes - international	none	Involved in dispute over the Spratly Islands with China, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam; Brunei established an exclusive economic fishing zone encompassing Louisa Reef in southern Spratly Islands in 1984 but makes no public territorial claim to the offshore reefs; claimants in November 2002 signed the "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea", a mechanism to ease tension but which fell short of a legally binding "code of conduct"
Economic aid - recipient	$20 million mostly from Australia	$4.3 million (1995)
Economy - overview	Revenues of this tiny island have traditionally come from exports of phosphates, now significantly depleted. An Australian company in 2005 entered into an agreement intended to exploit remaining supplies. Few other resources exist with most necessities being imported, mainly from Australia, its former occupier and later major source of support. The rehabilitation of mined land and the replacement of income from phosphates are serious long-term problems. In anticipation of the exhaustion of Nauru's phosphate deposits, substantial amounts of phosphate income were invested in trust funds to help cushion the transition and provide for Nauru's economic future. As a result of heavy spending from the trust funds, the government faces virtual bankruptcy. To cut costs the government has frozen wages and reduced overstaffed public service departments. In 2005, the deterioration in housing, hospitals, and other capital plant continued, and the cost to Australia of keeping the government and economy afloat continued to climb. Few comprehensive statistics on the Nauru economy exist, with estimates of Nauru's GDP varying widely.	This small, wealthy economy encompasses a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation, welfare measures, and village tradition. Crude oil and natural gas production account for nearly half of GDP. Per capita GDP is far above most other Third World countries, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and subsidizes rice and housing. Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion, although it became a more prominent player by serving as chairman for the 2000 APEC (Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation) forum. Plans for the future include upgrading the labor force, reducing unemployment, strengthening the banking and tourist sectors, and, in general, further widening the economic base beyond oil and gas.
Electricity - consumption	21.39 million kWh (2003)	2.322 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2003)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2003)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	23 million kWh (2003)	2.497 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location along plateau rim 61 m	lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Bukit Pagon 1,850 m
Environment - current issues	limited natural fresh water resources, roof storage tanks collect rainwater, but mostly dependent on a single, aging desalination plant; intensive phosphate mining during the past 90 years - mainly by a UK, Australia, and NZ consortium - has left the central 90% of Nauru a wasteland and threatens limited remaining land resources	seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	party to: Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	Nauruan 58%, other Pacific Islander 26%, Chinese 8%, European 8%	Malay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%, other 12%
Exchange rates	Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.3095 (2005), 1.3598 (2004), 1.5419 (2003), 1.8406 (2002), 1.9334 (2001)	Bruneian dollars per US dollar - 1.79 (2002), 1.79 (2001), 1.72 (2000), 1.69 (1999), 1.67 (1998)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Ludwig SCOTTY (since 22 June 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Ludwig SCOTTY (since 22 June 2004) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of Parliament elections: president elected by Parliament for a three-year term; election last held 23 October 2004 (next to be held NA 2007) election results: Ludwig SCOTTY was unopposed in the parliamentary elections for president	chief of state: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Cabinet Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch; deals with executive matters; note - there is also a Religious Council (members appointed by the monarch) that advises on religious matters, a Privy Council (members appointed by the monarch) that deals with constitutional matters, and the Council of Succession (members appointed by the monarch) that determines the succession to the throne if the need arises elections: none; the monarch is hereditary
Exports	NA bbl/day	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	phosphates	crude oil, natural gas, refined products
Exports - partners	South Africa 63.7%, South Korea 7.6%, Canada 6.6% (2005)	Japan 40.3%, South Korea 12.3%, Thailand 12.1%, Australia 9.2%, US 8.1%, China 6.4%, Singapore 5.7% (2002)
Fiscal year	1 July - 30 June	calendar year
Flag description	blue with a narrow, horizontal, yellow stripe across the center and a large white 12-pointed star below the stripe on the hoist side; the star indicates the country's location in relation to the Equator (the yellow stripe) and the 12 points symbolize the 12 original tribes of Nauru	yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $6.5 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%	agriculture: 5% industry: 45% services: 50% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $18,600 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	NA%	3% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates	0 32 S, 166 55 E	4 30 N, 114 40 E
Geography - note	Nauru is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Makatea in French Polynesia; only 53 km south of Equator	close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave of Malaysia
Heliports	-	3 (2002)
Highways	-	total: 2,525 km paved: 2,525 km unpaved: 0 km (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	-	drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory death penalty
Imports	NA bbl/day	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	food, fuel, manufactures, building materials, machinery	machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals
Imports - partners	South Korea 43.8%, Australia 36.2%, US 5.9%, Germany 4.3% (2005)	Singapore 30.6%, Japan 21.5%, Malaysia 17.4%, UK 6.1%, Hong Kong 4% (2002)
Independence	31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered UN trusteeship)	1 January 1984 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	5% (2002 est.)
Industries	phosphate mining, offshore banking, coconut products	petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction
Infant mortality rate	total: 9.78 deaths/1,000 live births male: 12.29 deaths/1,000 live births female: 7.14 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)	total: 13.5 deaths/1,000 live births male: 17.09 deaths/1,000 live births female: 9.71 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-3.6% (1993)	-2% (2002 est.)
International organization participation	ACP, AsDB, C, FAO, ICAO, ICCt, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO	APEC, ARF, ASEAN, C, ESCAP, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	2 (2000)
Irrigated land	NA	10 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court	Supreme Court (chief justice and judges are sworn in by the monarch for three-year terms)
Labor force	-	143,400 note: includes foreign workers and military personnel; temporary residents make up about 40% of labor force (1999 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	note: 0.1% employed in mining phosphates, public administration, education, and transportation	government 48%, production of oil, natural gas, services, and construction 42%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 10% (1999 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 381 km border countries: Malaysia 381 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)	arable land: 0.57% permanent crops: 0.76% other: 98.67% (1998 est.)
Languages	Nauruan (official, a distinct Pacific Island language), English widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes	Malay (official), English, Chinese
Legal system	acts of the Nauru Parliament and British common law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations	based on English common law; for Muslims, Islamic Shari'a law supersedes civil law in a number of areas
Legislative branch	unicameral Parliament (18 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms) elections: last held 23 October 2004 (next to be held not later than 2007) election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - Nauru First Party 3, independents 15 note: the president dissolved parliament on 30 September 2004 and set new elections for 23 October 2004	unicameral Legislative Council or Majlis Masyuarat Megeri (a privy council that serves only in a consultative capacity; NA seats; members appointed by the monarch) elections: last held in March 1962 note: in 1970 the Council was changed to an appointive body by decree of the monarch; an elected Legislative Council is being considered as part of constitutional reform, but elections are unlikely for several years
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 63.08 years male: 59.5 years female: 66.84 years (2006 est.)	total population: 74.3 years male: 71.9 years female: 76.82 years (2003 est.)
Literacy	definition: NA total population: NA male: NA female: NA	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 91.8% male: 94.8% female: 88.5% (2003 est.)
Location	Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, south of the Marshall Islands	Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia
Map references	Oceania	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM or to median line territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	-	total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 465,937 GRT/413,393 DWT ships by type: liquefied gas 8 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: UK 7 (2002 est.)
Military - note	Nauru maintains no defense forces; under an informal agreement, defense is the responsibility of Australia	-
Military branches	no regular military forces; Nauru Police Force (2005)	Land Forces, Navy, Air Force, Royal Brunei Police
Military expenditures - dollar figure	NA	$329.7 million (FY02)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	NA	5% (FY02)
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 110,888 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 63,966 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - military age	-	18 years of age (2003 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	-	males: 3,277 (2003 est.)
National holiday	Independence Day, 31 January (1968)	National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection
Nationality	noun: Nauruan(s) adjective: Nauruan	noun: Bruneian(s) adjective: Bruneian
Natural hazards	periodic droughts	typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are rare
Natural resources	phosphates, fish	petroleum, natural gas, timber
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)	3.75 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Pipelines	-	gas 665 km; oil 439 km (2003)
Political parties and leaders	loose multiparty system; Democratic Party [Kennan ADEANG]; Nauru Party (informal); Nauru First (Naoero Amo) Party	Brunei Solidarity National Party or PPKB in Malay [Haji Mohd HATTA bin Haji Zainal Abidin, president]; note - the PPKB is the only legal political party in Brunei; it was registered in 1985 but became largely inactive after 1988; it was revived in 1995 and again in 1998; it has less than 200 registered party members; other parties include Brunei People's Party or PRB (banned in 1962) and Brunei National Democratic Party (registered in May 1965, deregistered by the Brunei Government in 1988)
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	NA
Population	13,287 (July 2006 est.)	358,098 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA%
Population growth rate	1.81% (2006 est.)	2% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	Bandar Seri Begawan, Kuala Belait, Muara, Seria, Tutong
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 3, FM 10, shortwave 0 (1998)
Railways	-	total: 13 km (private line) narrow gauge: 13 km 0.610-m gauge (2001 est.)
Religions	Christian (two-thirds Protestant, one-third Roman Catholic)	Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs and other 10%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.13 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2006 est.)	at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.13 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage	20 years of age; universal and compulsory	none
Telephone system	general assessment: adequate local and international radiotelephone communication provided via Australian facilities domestic: NA international: country code - 674; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)	general assessment: service throughout the country is excellent; international service is good to East Asia, Europe, and the US domestic: every service available international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean); digital submarine cable links to Malaysia, the Philippines, and Singapore (2001)
Telephones - main lines in use	1,900 (2002)	79,000 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular	1,500 (2002)	43,524 (1996)
Television broadcast stations	1 (1997)	2 (1997)
Terrain	sandy beach rises to fertile ring around raised coral reefs with phosphate plateau in center	flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west
Total fertility rate	3.11 children born/woman (2006 est.)	2.37 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate	90% (2004 est.)	10% (2001 est.)
Waterways	-	209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m

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