Compare Nauru (2002) - Tokelau (2004)

Compare Nauru (2002) z Tokelau (2004)

	Nauru (2002)	Tokelau (2004)

Administrative divisions	14 districts; Aiwo, Anabar, Anetan, Anibare, Baiti, Boe, Buada, Denigomodu, Ewa, Ijuw, Meneng, Nibok, Uaboe, Yaren	none (territory of New Zealand)
Age structure	0-14 years: 39.6% (male 2,515; female 2,366) 15-64 years: 58.7% (male 3,578; female 3,656) 65 years and over: 1.7% (male 108; female 106) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: 42% 15-64 years: 53% 65 years and over: 5% (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products	coconuts	coconuts, copra, breadfruit, papayas, bananas; pigs, poultry, goats
Airports	1 (2001)	none; lagoon landings are possible by amphibious aircraft (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)	-
Area	total: 21 sq km land: 21 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 10 sq km land: 10 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC	about 17 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background	Nauru's phosphate deposits began to be mined early in the 20th century by a German-British consortium; the island was occupied by Australian forces in World War I. Nauru achieved independence in 1968 and joined the UN in 1999. Nauru is the world's smallest independent republic.	Originally settled by Polynesian emigrants from surrounding island groups, the Tokelau Islands were made a British protectorate in 1889. They were transferred to New Zealand administration in 1925.
Birth rate	26.6 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	NA births/1,000 population
Budget	revenues: $23.4 million expenditures: $64.8 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY95/96)	revenues: $430,800 expenditures: $2.8 million, including capital expenditures of $37,300 (1987 est.)
Capital	no official capital; government offices in Yaren District	none; each atoll has its own administrative center
Climate	tropical; monsoonal; rainy season (November to February)	tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November)
Coastline	30 km	101 km
Constitution	29 January 1968	administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948, as amended in 1970
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Nauru conventional short form: Nauru former: Pleasant Island	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Tokelau
Currency	Australian dollar (AUD)	New Zealand dollar (NZD)
Death rate	7.06 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external	$33.3 million	$0
Dependency status	-	self-administering territory of New Zealand; note - Tokelauans are drafting a constitution and developing institutions and patterns of self-government as Tokelau moves toward free association with New Zealand
Diplomatic representation from the US	the US does not have an embassy in Nauru; the US Ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Nauru	none (territory of New Zealand)
Diplomatic representation in the US	Nauru does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a UN office at 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400 D, New York, New York 10017; telephone: (212) 937-0074 consulate(s): Hagatna (Guam)	none (territory of New Zealand)
Disputes - international	none	none
Economic aid - recipient	$2.25 million from Australia (FY96/97 est.)	from New Zealand about $4 million annually
Economy - overview	Revenues of this tiny island have come from exports of phosphates, but reserves are expected to be exhausted within a few years. Phosphate production has declined since 1989, as demand has fallen in traditional markets and as the marginal cost of extracting the remaining phosphate increases, making it less internationally competitive. While phosphates have given Nauruans one of the highest per capita incomes in the Third World, few other resources exist with most necessities being imported, including fresh water from Australia. The rehabilitation of mined land and the replacement of income from phosphates are serious long-term problems. In anticipation of the exhaustion of Nauru's phosphate deposits, substantial amounts of phosphate income have been invested in trust funds to help cushion the transition and provide for Nauru's economic future. The government has been borrowing heavily from the trusts to finance fiscal deficits. To cut costs the government has called for a freeze on wages, a reduction of over-staffed public service departments, privatization of numerous government agencies, and closure of some overseas consulates. In recent years Nauru has encouraged the registration of offshore banks and corporations. Tens of billions of dollars have been channeled through their accounts. Few comprehensive statistics on the Nauru economy exist, with estimates of Nauru's per capita GDP varying widely.	Tokelau's small size (three villages), isolation, and lack of resources greatly restrain economic development and confine agriculture to the subsistence level. The people rely heavily on aid from New Zealand - about $4 million annually - to maintain public services, with annual aid being substantially greater than GDP. The principal sources of revenue come from sales of copra, postage stamps, souvenir coins, and handicrafts. Money is also remitted to families from relatives in New Zealand.
Electricity - consumption	27.9 million kWh (2000)	NA kWh
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)	-
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2000)	-
Electricity - production	30 million kWh (2000)	NA kWh
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location along plateau rim 61 m	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 5 m
Environment - current issues	limited natural fresh water resources, roof storage tanks collect rainwater, but mostly dependent on a single, aging desalination plant; intensive phosphate mining during the past 90 years - mainly by a UK, Australia, and NZ consortium - has left the central 90% of Nauru a wasteland and threatens limited remaining land resources	very limited natural resources and overcrowding are contributing to emigration to New Zealand
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	-
Ethnic groups	Nauruan 58%, other Pacific Islander 26%, Chinese 8%, European 8%	Polynesian
Exchange rates	Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.9354 (January 2002) 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997)	New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.7229 (2003), 2.154 (2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999)
Executive branch	chief of state: Acting President Derog GIOURA (since 10 March 2003) following death of President Bernard DOWIYOGO note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: Acting President Derog GIOURA (since 10 March 2003) following death of President Bernard DOWIYOGO note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of Parliament elections: president elected by Parliament for a three-year term; election last held 8 March 2003 (next to be held NA 2004); following Rene HARRIS' resignation, Bernard DOWIYOGO was elected president election results: Rene HARRIS elected president; percent of Parliamentary vote - NA%; replaced by Bernard DOWIYOGO 9 January 2003 following a no-confidence vote; HARRIS reinstated 17 January 2003, then gives up presidency 18 January and DOWIYOGO is elected president; DOWIYOGO dies 10 March 2003; with 9 votes over 8 for Kinza CLODUMAR, Derog GIOURA was named acting president	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by Administrator Neil WALTER (since NA 2002) head of government: Aliki Faipule Kuresa NASAU (since 2004) note - position rotates annually among members of the cabinet cabinet: the Council of Faipule, consisting of three elected leaders - one from each atoll - functions as a cabinet elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade in New Zealand; the head of government is chosen from the Council of Faipule and serves a one-year term
Exports	$25.3 million f.o.b. (1991)	$98,000 f.o.b. (1983)
Exports - commodities	phosphates	stamps, copra, handicrafts
Exports - partners	NZ, Australia, South Korea, US (2000)	New Zealand (2000)
Fiscal year	1 July - 30 June	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	blue with a narrow, horizontal, yellow stripe across the center and a large white 12-pointed star below the stripe on the hoist side; the star indicates the country's location in relation to the Equator (the yellow stripe) and the 12 points symbolize the 12 original tribes of Nauru	the flag of New Zealand is used
GDP	purchasing power parity - $60 million (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $1.5 million (1993 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%	agriculture: NA industry: NA services: NA
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $5,000 (2001 est.)	purchasing power parity - $1,000 (1993 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	NA%	NA
Geographic coordinates	0 32 S, 166 55 E	9 00 S, 172 00 W
Geography - note	Nauru is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Makatea in French Polynesia; only 53 km south of Equator	consists of three atolls, each with a lagoon surrounded by a number of reef-bound islets of varying length and rising to over three meters above sea level
Highways	total: 30 km paved: 24 km unpaved: 6 km (1998 est.)	total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Illicit drugs	broad-based money-laundering center	-
Imports	$21.1 million c.i.f. (1991)	$323,000 c.i.f. (1983)
Imports - commodities	food, fuel, manufactures, building materials, machinery	foodstuffs, building materials, fuel
Imports - partners	Australia, US, UK, Indonesia, India (2000)	New Zealand (2000)
Independence	31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered UN trusteeship)	none (territory of New Zealand)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	NA
Industries	phosphate mining, offshore banking, coconut products	small-scale enterprises for copra production, woodworking, plaited craft goods; stamps, coins; fishing
Infant mortality rate	10.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	total: NA male: NA female: NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-3.6% (1993) (1993)	NA
International organization participation	ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, ICAO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO	UNESCO (associate), UPU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	1 (2000)	-
Irrigated land	NA sq km	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court	Supreme Court in New Zealand exercises civil and criminal jurisdiction in Tokelau
Labor force	-	NA
Labor force - by occupation	employed in mining phosphates, public administration, education, and transportation	-
Land boundaries	0 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% (soil is thin and infertile) permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001)
Languages	Nauruan (official, a distinct Pacific Island language), English widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes	Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English
Legal system	acts of the Nauru Parliament and British common law	New Zealand and local statutes
Legislative branch	unicameral Parliament (18 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms) elections: last held 9 April 2000 (next to be held NA April 2003) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 18	unicameral General Fono (48 seats; 15 members from each of the three islands elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms and the 3 island village mayors [pulenuku]); note - the Tokelau Amendment Act of 1996 confers limited legislative power on the General Fono
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 61.57 years male: 58.05 years female: 65.26 years (2002 est.)	total population: NA years male: 68 years female: 70 years (2004 est.)
Literacy	definition: NA total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA%	NA
Location	Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, south of the Marshall Islands	Oceania, group of three atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Map references	Oceania	Oceania
Maritime claims	contiguous zone: 24 NM exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine	none (2002 est.)	none
Military - note	Nauru maintains no defense forces; under an informal agreement, defense is the responsibility of Australia	defense is the responsibility of New Zealand
Military branches	no regular military forces; Nauru Police Force	-
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$NA	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	NA%	-
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 3,103 (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 1,710 (2002 est.)	-
National holiday	Independence Day, 31 January (1968)	Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)
Nationality	noun: Nauruan(s) adjective: Nauruan	noun: Tokelauan(s) adjective: Tokelauan
Natural hazards	periodic droughts	lies in Pacific typhoon belt
Natural resources	phosphates, fish	NEGL
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Political parties and leaders	loose multiparty system; Democratic Party [Kennan ADEANG]; Nauru Party (informal) [Bernard DOWIYOGO]	none
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	none
Population	12,329 (July 2002 est.)	1,405 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA
Population growth rate	1.96% (2002 est.)	-0.01% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors	Nauru	none; offshore anchorage only
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA note: each atoll has a radio broadcast station of unknown type that broadcasts shipping and weather reports (1998)
Radios	7,000 (1997)	-
Railways	total: 5 km note: gauge unknown; used to haul phosphates from the center of the island to processing facilities on the southwest coast (2001)	-
Religions	Christian (two-thirds Protestant, one-third Roman Catholic)	Congregational Christian Church 70%, Roman Catholic 28%, other 2% note: on Atafu, all Congregational Christian Church of Samoa; on Nukunonu, all Roman Catholic; on Fakaofo, both denominations, with the Congregational Christian Church predominant
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.02 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	NA
Suffrage	20 years of age; universal and compulsory	21 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: adequate local and international radiotelephone communication provided via Australian facilities domestic: NA international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)	general assessment: adequate domestic: radiotelephone service between islands international: country code - 690; radiotelephone service to Samoa; government-regulated telephone service (TeleTok), with 3 satellite earth stations, established in 1997
Telephones - main lines in use	2,000 (1996)	300 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	450 (1994)	0 (2001)
Television broadcast stations	1 (1997)	-
Terrain	sandy beach rises to fertile ring around raised coral reefs with phosphate plateau in center	low-lying coral atolls enclosing large lagoons
Total fertility rate	3.5 children born/woman (2002 est.)	NA children born/woman
Unemployment rate	0%	NA
Waterways	none	-

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