Compare Namibia (2005) - Mauritius (2003)

Compare Namibia (2005) z Mauritius (2003)

	Namibia (2005)	Mauritius (2003)

Administrative divisions	13 regions; Caprivi, Erongo, Hardap, Karas, Khomas, Kunene, Ohangwena, Okavango, Omaheke, Omusati, Oshana, Oshikoto, Otjozondjupa	9 districts and 3 dependencies; Agalega Islands, Black River, Cargados Carajos Shoals, Flacq, Grand Port, Moka, Pamplemousses, Plaines Wilhems, Port Louis, Riviere du Rempart, Rodrigues, Savanne
Age structure	0-14 years: 38.7% (male 396,247/female 389,543) 15-64 years: 57.7% (male 586,900/female 584,779) 65 years and over: 3.6% (male 33,524/female 39,699) (2005 est.)	0-14 years: 25.1% (male 153,401; female 150,399) 15-64 years: 68.5% (male 413,660; female 415,534) 65 years and over: 6.4% (male 30,673; female 46,780) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products	millet, sorghum, peanuts; livestock; fish	sugarcane, tea, corn, potatoes, bananas, pulses; cattle, goats; fish
Airports	136 (2004 est.)	5 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 21 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 13 914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2004 est.)	total: 2 over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 115 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 22 914 to 1,523 m: 71 under 914 m: 20 (2004 est.)	total: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Area	total: 825,418 sq km land: 825,418 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 2,040 sq km land: 2,030 sq km water: 10 sq km note: includes Agalega Islands, Cargados Carajos Shoals (Saint Brandon), and Rodrigues
Area - comparative	slightly more than half the size of Alaska	almost 11 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	South Africa occupied the German colony of South-West Africa during World War I and administered it as a mandate until after World War II, when it annexed the territory. In 1966 the Marxist South-West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO) guerrilla group launched a war of independence for the area that was soon named Namibia, but it was not until 1988 that South Africa agreed to end its administration in accordance with a UN peace plan for the entire region. Namibia won its independence in 1990 and has been governed by SWAPO since. Hifikepunye POHAMBA was elected president in November 2004 in a landslide victory replacing Sam NUJOMA who led the country during its first 14 years of self rule.	Discovered by the Portuguese in 1505, Mauritius was subsequently held by the Dutch, French, and British before independence was attained in 1968. A stable democracy with regular free elections and a positive human rights record, the country has attracted considerable foreign investment and has earned one of Africa's highest per capita incomes. Recent poor weather and declining sugar prices have slowed economic growth, leading to some protests over standards of living in the Creole community.
Birth rate	25.16 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)	16.1 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget	revenues: $1.788 billion expenditures: $1.956 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)	revenues: $1.1 billion expenditures: $1.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
Capital	Windhoek	Port Louis
Climate	desert; hot, dry; rainfall sparse and erratic	tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May)
Coastline	1,572 km	177 km
Constitution	ratified 9 February 1990, effective 12 March 1990	12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Namibia conventional short form: Namibia former: German Southwest Africa, South-West Africa	conventional long form: Republic of Mauritius conventional short form: Mauritius
Currency	-	Mauritian rupee (MUR)
Death rate	18.36 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)	6.81 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external	$1.136 billion (2004 est.)	$2.4 billion (2002 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Joyce BARR embassy: Ausplan Building, 14 Lossen Street, Windhoek mailing address: Private Bag 12029 Ausspannplatz, Windhoek telephone: [264] (61) 221601 FAX: [264] (61) 229792	chief of mission: Ambassador John PRICE embassy: 4th Floor, Rogers House, John Kennedy Street, Port Louis mailing address: international mail: P. O. Box 544, Port Louis; US mail: American Embassy, Port Louis, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2450 telephone: [230] 202-4400 FAX: [230] 208-9534
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Leonard Nangolo IIPUMBU chancery: 1605 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 986-0540 FAX: [1] (202) 986-0443	chief of mission: Ambassador Usha JEETAH chancery: 4301 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 441, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 244-1491, 1492 FAX: [1] (202) 966-0983
Disputes - international	border commission has yet to resolve small residual disputes with Botswana along the Caprivi Strip, including the Situngu marshlands along the Linyanti River; Botswana residents protest Namibia's planned construction of the Okavango hydroelectric dam on Popa Falls; managed dispute with South Africa over the location of the boundary in the Orange River; Namibia has supported and in 2004 Zimbabwe dropped objections to plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited Botswana-Zambia, boundary in the river	Mauritius claims the Chagos Archipelago (UK-administered British Indian Ocean Territory), and its former inhabitants, who reside chiefly in Mauritius, but were granted UK citizenship and the right to repatriation in 2001; claims French-administered Tromelin Island
Economic aid - recipient	ODA $160 million (2000 est.)	$42 million (1997)
Economy - overview	The economy is heavily dependent on the extraction and processing of minerals for export. Mining accounts for 20% of GDP. Rich alluvial diamond deposits make Namibia a primary source for gem-quality diamonds. Namibia is the fourth-largest exporter of nonfuel minerals in Africa, the world's fifth-largest producer of uranium, and the producer of large quantities of lead, zinc, tin, silver, and tungsten. The mining sector employs only about 3% of the population while about half of the population depends on subsistence agriculture for its livelihood. Namibia normally imports about 50% of its cereal requirements; in drought years food shortages are a major problem in rural areas. A high per capita GDP, relative to the region, hides the great inequality of income distribution; nearly one-third of Namibians had annual incomes of less than $1,400 in constant 1994 dollars, according to a 1993 study. The Namibian economy is closely linked to South Africa with the Namibian dollar pegged to the South African rand. Privatization of several enterprises in coming years may stimulate long-run foreign investment. Mining of zinc, copper, and silver and increased fish production led growth in 2003-04.	Since independence in 1968, Mauritius has developed from a low-income, agriculturally based economy to a middle-income diversified economy with growing industrial, financial, and tourist sectors. For most of the period, annual growth has been in the order of 5% to 6%. This remarkable achievement has been reflected in more equitable income distribution, increased life expectancy, lowered infant mortality, and a much-improved infrastructure. Sugarcane is grown on about 90% of the cultivated land area and accounts for 25% of export earnings. The government's development strategy centers on foreign investment. Mauritius has attracted more than 9,000 offshore entities, many aimed at commerce in India and South Africa, and investment in the banking sector alone has reached over $1 billion. Mauritius, with its strong textile sector and responsible fiscal management, has been well poised to take advantage of the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA). The government is encouraging foreign investment in the information technology field.
Electricity - consumption	1.92 billion kWh (2002)	1.219 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	65 million kWh (2002)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	900 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by South Africa (2002)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	1.167 billion kWh (2002)	1.311 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 90.8% hydro: 9.2% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Konigstein 2,606 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Piton 828 m
Environment - current issues	very limited natural fresh water resources; desertification; wildlife poaching; land degradation has led to few conservation areas	water pollution, degradation of coral reefs
Environment - international agreements	party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	black 87.5%, white 6%, mixed 6.5% note: about 50% of the population belong to the Ovambo tribe and 9% to the Kavangos tribe; other ethnic groups are: Herero 7%, Damara 7%, Nama 5%, Caprivian 4%, Bushmen 3%, Baster 2%, Tswana 0.5%	Indo-Mauritian 68%, Creole 27%, Sino-Mauritian 3%, Franco-Mauritian 2%
Exchange rates	Namibian dollars per US dollar - 6.4597 (2004), 7.5648 (2003), 10.5407 (2002), 8.6092 (2001), 6.9398 (2000)	Mauritian rupees per US dollar - 29.96 (2002), 29.13 (2001), 26.25 (2000), 25.19 (1999), 23.99 (1998)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Hifikepunye POHAMBA (since 15 November 2004) head of government: Prime Minister Nahas ANGULA (since 21 March 2005) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 15 November 2004 (next to be held November 2009) election results: Hifikepunye POHAMBA elected president; percent of vote - NA%	chief of state: President Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH (since 7 October 2003) and Vice President (vacant; a new Vice President will be determined by assembly elections on NA December 2003) head of government: Prime Minister Paul BERENGER (since 30 September 2003) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: president and vice president elected by the National Assembly for five-year terms; election last held 25 February 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president, responsible to the National Assembly election results: Karl OFFMANN elected president and Raouf BUNDHUN elected vice president; percent of vote by the National Assembly - NA%; note - Karl OFFMANN and Raouf BUNDHUN stepped down on 30 September 2003
Exports	NA	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	diamonds, copper, gold, zinc, lead, uranium; cattle, processed fish, karakul skins	clothing and textiles, sugar, cut flowers, molasses
Exports - partners	EU 79%, US 4% (2001)	UK 27.7%, France 25.5%, US 16.4%, Madagascar 6.2%, Belgium 5% (2002)
Fiscal year	1 April - 31 March	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	a large blue triangle with a yellow sunburst fills the upper left section and an equal green triangle (solid) fills the lower right section; the triangles are separated by a red stripe that is contrasted by two narrow white-edge borders	four equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, yellow, and green
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $12.15 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 11.3% industry: 30.8% services: 57.9% (2004 est.)	agriculture: 6% industry: 33% services: 61% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $7,300 (2004 est.)	purchasing power parity - $10,100 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	4.8% (2004 est.)	2.3% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates	22 00 S, 17 00 E	20 17 S, 57 33 E
Geography - note	first country in the world to incorporate the protection of the environment into its constitution; some 14% of the land is protected, including virtually the entire Namib Desert coastal strip	the main island, from which the country derives its name, is of volcanic origin and is almost entirely surrounded by coral reefs
Highways	total: 42,237 km paved: 5,406 km unpaved: 36,831 km (2002)	total: 1,926 km paved: 1,868 km (including 44 km of expressways) unpaved: 58 km (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	-	minor consumer and transshipment point for heroin from South Asia; small amounts of cannabis produced and consumed locally; significant offshore financial industry creates potential for money laundering, but corruption levels are relatively low and the government appears generally to be committed to regulating its banking industry
Imports	NA	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	foodstuffs; petroleum products and fuel, machinery and equipment, chemicals	manufactured goods, capital equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals
Imports - partners	US 50%, EU 31% (2001)	France 18.4%, South Africa 13.5%, India 7.8%, China 4.5%, UK 4.2% (2002)
Independence	21 March 1990 (from South African mandate)	12 March 1968 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate	NA	8% (2000 est.)
Industries	meatpacking, fish processing, dairy products; mining (diamond, lead, zinc, tin, silver, tungsten, uranium, copper)	food processing (largely sugar milling), textiles, clothing; chemicals, metal products, transport equipment, nonelectrical machinery; tourism
Infant mortality rate	total: 48.98 deaths/1,000 live births male: 53 deaths/1,000 live births female: 44.84 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)	total: 16.11 deaths/1,000 live births male: 18.98 deaths/1,000 live births female: 13.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	4.2% (2004 est.)	6.4% (2002 est.)
International organization participation	ACP, AfDB, AU, C, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, NAM, ONUB, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, C, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	2 (2000)
Irrigated land	70 sq km (1998 est.)	200 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court (judges appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial Service Commission)	Supreme Court
Labor force	840,000 (2004 est.)	514,000 (1995)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 47%, industry 20%, services 33% (1999 est.)	construction and industry 36%, services 24%, agriculture and fishing 14%, trade, restaurants, hotels 16%, transportation and communication 7%, finance 3% (1995)
Land boundaries	total: 3,936 km border countries: Angola 1,376 km, Botswana 1,360 km, South Africa 967 km, Zambia 233 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0.99% permanent crops: 0% other: 99.01% (2001)	arable land: 49.26% permanent crops: 2.96% other: 47.78% (1998 est.)
Languages	English 7% (official), Afrikaans common language of most of the population and about 60% of the white population, German 32%, indigenous languages: Oshivambo, Herero, Nama	English (official), Creole, French (official), Hindi, Urdu, Hakka, Bhojpuri
Legal system	based on Roman-Dutch law and 1990 constitution	based on French civil law system with elements of English common law in certain areas
Legislative branch	bicameral legislature consists of the National Council (26 seats; two members are chosen from each regional council to serve six-year terms) and the National Assembly (72 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: National Council - elections for regional councils, to determine members of the National Council, held 15-16 November 2004 (next to be held November 2009); National Assembly - last held 15-16 November 2004 (next to be held November 2009) election results: National Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - SWAPO 55, COD 5, DTA 4, UDF 3, MAG 1, other 4 note: the National Council is primarily an advisory body	unicameral National Assembly (66 seats; 62 elected by popular vote, 4 appointed by the election commission from the losing political parties to give representation to various ethnic minorities; members serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 11 September 2000 (next to be held by September 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - MSM/MMM 52.3%, MLP/PMSD 36.9%, OPR 10.8%; seats by party - MSM/MMM 54, MLP/PMSD 6, OPR 2
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 43.93 years male: 44.71 years female: 43.13 years (2005 est.)	total population: 71.8 years male: 67.82 years female: 75.85 years (2003 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 84% male: 84.4% female: 83.7% (2003 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 85.6% male: 88.6% female: 82.7% (2003 est.)
Location	Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Angola and South Africa	Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar
Map references	Africa	Political Map of the World
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm	continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) 2,265 GRT/3,605 DWT by type: cargo 1 (2005)	total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 23,455 GRT/27,102 DWT ships by type: cargo 1, combination bulk 4, passenger/cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 2 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience:, Belgium 1, India 3, Norway 1, Switzerland 2 (2002 est.)
Military branches	Namibian Defense Force: Army (includes Air Wing), Navy, Police	National Police Force (includes the paramilitary Special Mobile Force or SMF and National Coast Guard)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$168.4 million (2004)	$9.712 million (FY02)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	3.1% (2004)	0.2% (FY02)
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 341,029 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 171,556 (2003 est.)
National holiday	Independence Day, 21 March (1990)	Independence Day, 12 March (1968)
Nationality	noun: Namibian(s) adjective: Namibian	noun: Mauritian(s) adjective: Mauritian
Natural hazards	prolonged periods of drought	cyclones (November to April); almost completely surrounded by reefs that may pose maritime hazards
Natural resources	diamonds, copper, uranium, gold, lead, tin, lithium, cadmium, zinc, salt, hydropower, fish note: suspected deposits of oil, coal, and iron ore	arable land, fish
Net migration rate	0.52 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)	-0.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Congress of Democrats or COD [Ben ULENGA]; Democratic Turnhalle Alliance of Namibia or DTA [Katuutire KAURA, president]; Monitor Action Group or MAG [Kosie PRETORIUS]; South West Africa People's Organization or SWAPO [Sam Shafishuna NUJOMA]; United Democratic Front or UDF [Justus GAROEB]	Hizbullah [Cehl Mohamed FAKEEMEEAH]; Mauritian Labor Party or MLP [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]; Mauritian Militant Movement or MMM [Paul BERENGER] - in coalition with MSM; Mauritian Social Democrat Party or PMSD [Charles Xavier-Luc DUVAL]; Militant Socialist Movement or MSM [Pravind JUGNAUTH] - governing party; Rodrigues Movement or MR [Joseph (Nicholas) Von MALLY]; Rodrigues Peoples Organization or OPR [Serge CLAIR]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	various labor unions
Population	2,030,692 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)	1,210,447 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line	50% (2002 est.)	10% (2001 est.)
Population growth rate	0.73% (2005 est.)	0.84% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors	Luderitz, Walvis Bay	Port Louis
Radio broadcast stations	AM 2, FM 39, shortwave 4 (2001)	AM 4, FM 9, shortwave 0 (2002)
Railways	total: 2,382 km narrow gauge: 2,382 km 1.067-m gauge (2004)	0 km
Religions	Christian 80% to 90% (Lutheran 50% at least), indigenous beliefs 10% to 20%	Hindu 52%, Christian 28.3% (Roman Catholic 26%, Protestant 2.3%), Muslim 16.6%, other 3.1%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.84 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)	at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: good system; about 6 telephones for each 100 persons domestic: good urban services; fair rural service; microwave radio relay links major towns; connections to other populated places are by open wire; 100% digital international: country code - 264; fiber-optic cable to South Africa, microwave radio relay link to Botswana, direct links to other neighboring countries; connected to Africa ONE and South African Far East (SAFE) submarine cables through South Africa; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (2002)	general assessment: small system with good service domestic: primarily microwave radio relay trunk system international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); new microwave link to Reunion; HF radiotelephone links to several countries
Telephones - main lines in use	127,400 (2003)	280,900 (2000)
Telephones - mobile cellular	223,700 (2003)	180,000 (2000)
Television broadcast stations	8 (plus about 20 low-power repeaters) (1997)	2 (plus several repeaters) (1997)
Terrain	mostly high plateau; Namib Desert along coast; Kalahari Desert in east	small coastal plain rising to discontinuous mountains encircling central plateau
Total fertility rate	3.18 children born/woman (2005 est.)	1.98 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate	35% (1998)	8.8% (2002 est.)
Waterways	-	none

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