| | Climate (2005) | Climate (2003) |
|
Afghanistan |
arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers |
arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers |
|
Akrotiri |
temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters |
- |
|
Albania |
mild temperate; cool, cloudy, wet winters; hot, clear, dry summers; interior is cooler and wetter |
mild temperate; cool, cloudy, wet winters; hot, clear, dry summers; interior is cooler and wetter |
|
Algeria |
arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer |
arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer |
|
American Samoa |
tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds; annual rainfall averages about 3 m; rainy season from November to April, dry season from May to October; little seasonal temperature variation |
tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds; annual rainfall averages about 3 m; rainy season from November to April, dry season from May to October; little seasonal temperature variation |
|
Andorra |
temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers |
temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers |
|
Angola |
semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April) |
semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April) |
|
Anguilla |
tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds |
tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds |
|
Antarctica |
severe low temperatures vary with latitude, elevation, and distance from the ocean; East Antarctica is colder than West Antarctica because of its higher elevation; Antarctic Peninsula has the most moderate climate; higher temperatures occur in January along the coast and average slightly below freezing |
severe low temperatures vary with latitude, elevation, and distance from the ocean; East Antarctica is colder than West Antarctica because of its higher elevation; Antarctic Peninsula has the most moderate climate; higher temperatures occur in January along the coast and average slightly below freezing |
|
Antigua and Barbuda |
tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation |
tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation |
|
Arctic Ocean |
polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow |
polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow |
|
Argentina |
mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest |
mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest |
|
Armenia |
highland continental, hot summers, cold winters |
highland continental, hot summers, cold winters |
|
Aruba |
tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation |
tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation |
|
Ashmore and Cartier Islands |
tropical |
tropical |
|
Atlantic Ocean |
tropical cyclones (hurricanes) develop off the coast of Africa near Cape Verde and move westward into the Caribbean Sea; hurricanes can occur from May to December, but are most frequent from August to November |
tropical cyclones (hurricanes) develop off the coast of Africa near Cape Verde and move westward into the Caribbean Sea; hurricanes can occur from May to December, but are most frequent from August to November |
|
Australia |
generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north |
generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north |
|
Austria |
temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain and some snow in lowlands and snow in mountains; moderate summers with occasional showers |
temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain in lowlands and snow in mountains; cool summers with occasional showers |
|
Azerbaijan |
dry, semiarid steppe |
dry, semiarid steppe |
|
Bahamas, The |
tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream |
tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream |
|
Bahrain |
arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers |
arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers |
|
Baker Island |
equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun |
equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun |
|
Bangladesh |
tropical; mild winter (October to March); hot, humid summer (March to June); humid, warm rainy monsoon (June to October) |
tropical; mild winter (October to March); hot, humid summer (March to June); humid, warm rainy monsoon (June to October) |
|
Barbados |
tropical; rainy season (June to October) |
tropical; rainy season (June to October) |
|
Bassas da India |
tropical |
tropical |
|
Belarus |
cold winters, cool and moist summers; transitional between continental and maritime |
cold winters, cool and moist summers; transitional between continental and maritime |
|
Belgium |
temperate; mild winters, cool summers; rainy, humid, cloudy |
temperate; mild winters, cool summers; rainy, humid, cloudy |
|
Belize |
tropical; very hot and humid; rainy season (May to November); dry season (February to May) |
tropical; very hot and humid; rainy season (May to November); dry season (February to May) |
|
Benin |
tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north |
tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north |
|
Bermuda |
subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter |
subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter |
|
Bhutan |
varies; tropical in southern plains; cool winters and hot summers in central valleys; severe winters and cool summers in Himalayas |
varies; tropical in southern plains; cool winters and hot summers in central valleys; severe winters and cool summers in Himalayas |
|
Bolivia |
varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid |
varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid |
|
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast |
hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast |
|
Botswana |
semiarid; warm winters and hot summers |
semiarid; warm winters and hot summers |
|
Bouvet Island |
antarctic |
antarctic |
|
Brazil |
mostly tropical, but temperate in south |
mostly tropical, but temperate in south |
|
British Indian Ocean Territory |
tropical marine; hot, humid, moderated by trade winds |
tropical marine; hot, humid, moderated by trade winds |
|
British Virgin Islands |
subtropical; humid; temperatures moderated by trade winds |
subtropical; humid; temperatures moderated by trade winds |
|
Brunei |
tropical; hot, humid, rainy |
tropical; hot, humid, rainy |
|
Bulgaria |
temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers |
temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers |
|
Burkina Faso |
tropical; warm, dry winters; hot, wet summers |
tropical; warm, dry winters; hot, wet summers |
|
Burma |
tropical monsoon; cloudy, rainy, hot, humid summers (southwest monsoon, June to September); less cloudy, scant rainfall, mild temperatures, lower humidity during winter (northeast monsoon, December to April) |
tropical monsoon; cloudy, rainy, hot, humid summers (southwest monsoon, June to September); less cloudy, scant rainfall, mild temperatures, lower humidity during winter (northeast monsoon, December to April) |
|
Burundi |
equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; wet seasons from February to May and September to November, and dry seasons from June to August and December to January |
equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; wet seasons from February to May and September to November, and dry seasons from June to August and December to January |
|
Cambodia |
tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation |
tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation |
|
Cameroon |
varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north |
varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north |
|
Canada |
varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north |
varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north |
|
Cape Verde |
temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and very erratic |
temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and very erratic |
|
Cayman Islands |
tropical marine; warm, rainy summers (May to October) and cool, relatively dry winters (November to April) |
tropical marine; warm, rainy summers (May to October) and cool, relatively dry winters (November to April) |
|
Central African Republic |
tropical; hot, dry winters; mild to hot, wet summers |
tropical; hot, dry winters; mild to hot, wet summers |
|
Chad |
tropical in south, desert in north |
tropical in south, desert in north |
|
Chile |
temperate; desert in north; Mediterranean in central region; cool and damp in south |
temperate; desert in north; Mediterranean in central region; cool and damp in south |
|
China |
extremely diverse; tropical in south to subarctic in north |
extremely diverse; tropical in south to subarctic in north |
|
Christmas Island |
tropical with a wet and dry season; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds; wet season December to April |
tropical; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds |
|
Clipperton Island |
tropical; humid, average temperature 20-32 degrees C, rains May-October |
tropical; humid, average temperature 20-32 degrees C, rains May-October |
|
Cocos (Keeling) Islands |
tropical with high humidity, moderated by the southeast trade winds for about nine months of the year |
tropical with high humidity, moderated by the southeast trade winds for about nine months of the year |
|
Colombia |
tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands |
tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands |
|
Comoros |
tropical marine; rainy season (November to May) |
tropical marine; rainy season (November to May) |
|
Congo, Democratic Republic of the |
tropical; hot and humid in equatorial river basin; cooler and drier in southern highlands; cooler and wetter in eastern highlands; north of Equator - wet season April to October, dry season December to February; south of Equator - wet season November to March, dry season April to October |
tropical; hot and humid in equatorial river basin; cooler and drier in southern highlands; cooler and wetter in eastern highlands; north of Equator - wet season April to October, dry season December to February; south of Equator - wet season November to March, dry season April to October |
|
Congo, Republic of the |
tropical; rainy season (March to June); dry season (June to October); constantly high temperatures and humidity; particularly enervating climate astride the Equator |
tropical; rainy season (March to June); dry season (June to October); constantly high temperatures and humidity; particularly enervating climate astride the Equator |
|
Cook Islands |
tropical; moderated by trade winds |
tropical; moderated by trade winds |
|
Coral Sea Islands |
tropical |
tropical |
|
Costa Rica |
tropical and subtropical; dry season (December to April); rainy season (May to November); cooler in highlands |
tropical and subtropical; dry season (December to April); rainy season (May to November); cooler in highlands |
|
Cote d'Ivoire |
tropical along coast, semiarid in far north; three seasons - warm and dry (November to March), hot and dry (March to May), hot and wet (June to October) |
tropical along coast, semiarid in far north; three seasons - warm and dry (November to March), hot and dry (March to May), hot and wet (June to October) |
|
Croatia |
Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast |
Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast |
|
Cuba |
tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May to October) |
tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May to October) |
|
Cyprus |
temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters |
temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters |
|
Czech Republic |
temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters |
temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters |
|
Denmark |
temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers |
temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers |
|
Dhekelia |
temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters |
- |
|
Djibouti |
desert; torrid, dry |
desert; torrid, dry |
|
Dominica |
tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds; heavy rainfall |
tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds; heavy rainfall |
|
Dominican Republic |
tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation; seasonal variation in rainfall |
tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation; seasonal variation in rainfall |
|
East Timor |
tropical; hot, humid; distinct rainy and dry seasons |
tropical; hot, humid; distinct rainy and dry seasons |
|
Ecuador |
tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands |
tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands |
|
Egypt |
desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters |
desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters |
|
El Salvador |
tropical; rainy season (May to October); dry season (November to April); tropical on coast; temperate in uplands |
tropical; rainy season (May to October); dry season (November to April); tropical on coast; temperate in uplands |
|
Equatorial Guinea |
tropical; always hot, humid |
tropical; always hot, humid |
|
Eritrea |
hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea coast; cooler and wetter in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall annually); semiarid in western hills and lowlands; rainfall heaviest during June-September except in coastal desert |
hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea coast; cooler and wetter in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall annually); semiarid in western hills and lowlands; rainfall heaviest during June-September except in coastal desert |
|
Estonia |
maritime, wet, moderate winters, cool summers |
maritime, wet, moderate winters, cool summers |
|
Ethiopia |
tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation |
tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation |
|
Europa Island |
tropical |
tropical |
|
European Union |
cold temperate; potentially subarctic in the north to temperate; mild wet winters; hot dry summers in the south |
- |
|
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) |
cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 24 inches in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate |
cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 24 inches in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate |
|
Faroe Islands |
mild winters, cool summers; usually overcast; foggy, windy |
mild winters, cool summers; usually overcast; foggy, windy |
|
Fiji |
tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation |
tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation |
|
Finland |
cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes |
cold temperate; potentially subarctic, but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes |
|
France |
generally cool winters and mild summers, but mild winters and hot summers along the Mediterranean; occasional strong, cold, dry, north-to-northwesterly wind known as mistral |
generally cool winters and mild summers, but mild winters and hot summers along the Mediterranean; occasional strong, cold, dry, north-to-northwesterly wind known as mistral |
|
French Guiana |
tropical; hot, humid; little seasonal temperature variation |
tropical; hot, humid; little seasonal temperature variation |
|
French Polynesia |
tropical, but moderate |
tropical, but moderate |
|
French Southern and Antarctic Lands |
antarctic |
antarctic |
|
Gabon |
tropical; always hot, humid |
tropical; always hot, humid |
|
Gambia, The |
tropical; hot, rainy season (June to November); cooler, dry season (November to May) |
tropical; hot, rainy season (June to November); cooler, dry season (November to May) |
|
Gaza Strip |
temperate, mild winters, dry and warm to hot summers |
temperate, mild winters, dry and warm to hot summers |
|
Georgia |
warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast |
warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast |
|
Germany |
temperate and marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers; occasional warm mountain (foehn) wind |
temperate and marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers; occasional warm foehn wind |
|
Ghana |
tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north |
tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north |
|
Gibraltar |
Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers |
Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers |
|
Glorioso Islands |
tropical |
tropical |
|
Greece |
temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers |
temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers |
|
Greenland |
arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters |
arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters |
|
Grenada |
tropical; tempered by northeast trade winds |
tropical; tempered by northeast trade winds |
|
Guadeloupe |
subtropical tempered by trade winds; moderately high humidity |
subtropical tempered by trade winds; moderately high humidity |
|
Guam |
tropical marine; generally warm and humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season from January to June, rainy season from July to December; little seasonal temperature variation |
tropical marine; generally warm and humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season from January to June, rainy season from July to December; little seasonal temperature variation |
|
Guatemala |
tropical; hot, humid in lowlands; cooler in highlands |
tropical; hot, humid in lowlands; cooler in highlands |
|
Guernsey |
temperate with mild winters and cool summers; about 50% of days are overcast |
temperate with mild winters and cool summers; about 50% of days are overcast |
|
Guinea |
generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds |
generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds |
|
Guinea-Bissau |
tropical; generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds |
tropical; generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds |
|
Guyana |
tropical; hot, humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; two rainy seasons (May to mid-August, mid-November to mid-January) |
tropical; hot, humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; two rainy seasons (May to mid-August, mid-November to mid-January) |
|
Haiti |
tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds |
tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds |
|
Heard Island and McDonald Islands |
antarctic |
antarctic |
|
Holy See (Vatican City) |
temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to mid-May) with hot, dry summers (May to September) |
temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to mid-May) with hot, dry summers (May to September) |
|
Honduras |
subtropical in lowlands, temperate in mountains |
subtropical in lowlands, temperate in mountains |
|
Hong Kong |
tropical monsoon; cool and humid in winter, hot and rainy from spring through summer, warm and sunny in fall |
tropical monsoon; cool and humid in winter, hot and rainy from spring through summer, warm and sunny in fall |
|
Howland Island |
equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun |
equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun |
|
Hungary |
temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers |
temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers |
|
Iceland |
temperate; moderated by North Atlantic Current; mild, windy winters; damp, cool summers |
temperate; moderated by North Atlantic Current; mild, windy winters; damp, cool summers |
|
India |
varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north |
varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north |
|
Indian Ocean |
northeast monsoon (December to April), southwest monsoon (June to October); tropical cyclones occur during May/June and October/November in the northern Indian Ocean and January/February in the southern Indian Ocean |
northeast monsoon (December to April), southwest monsoon (June to October); tropical cyclones occur during May/June and October/November in the northern Indian Ocean and January/February in the southern Indian Ocean |
|
Indonesia |
tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands |
tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands |
|
Iran |
mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast |
mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast |
|
Iraq |
mostly desert; mild to cool winters with dry, hot, cloudless summers; northern mountainous regions along Iranian and Turkish borders experience cold winters with occasionally heavy snows that melt in early spring, sometimes causing extensive flooding in central and southern Iraq |
mostly desert; mild to cool winters with dry, hot, cloudless summers; northern mountainous regions along Iranian and Turkish borders experience cold winters with occasionally heavy snows that melt in early spring, sometimes causing extensive flooding in central and southern Iraq |
|
Ireland |
temperate maritime; modified by North Atlantic Current; mild winters, cool summers; consistently humid; overcast about half the time |
temperate maritime; modified by North Atlantic Current; mild winters, cool summers; consistently humid; overcast about half the time |
|
Isle of Man |
temperate; cool summers and mild winters; overcast about one-third of the time |
temperate; cool summers and mild winters; overcast about one-third of the time |
|
Israel |
temperate; hot and dry in southern and eastern desert areas |
temperate; hot and dry in southern and eastern desert areas |
|
Italy |
predominantly Mediterranean; Alpine in far north; hot, dry in south |
predominantly Mediterranean; Alpine in far north; hot, dry in south |
|
Jamaica |
tropical; hot, humid; temperate interior |
tropical; hot, humid; temperate interior |
|
Jan Mayen |
arctic maritime with frequent storms and persistent fog |
arctic maritime with frequent storms and persistent fog |
|
Japan |
varies from tropical in south to cool temperate in north |
varies from tropical in south to cool temperate in north |
|
Jarvis Island |
tropical; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun |
tropical; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun |
|
Jersey |
temperate; mild winters and cool summers |
temperate; mild winters and cool summers |
|
Johnston Atoll |
tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast trade winds with little seasonal temperature variation |
tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast trade winds with little seasonal temperature variation |
|
Jordan |
mostly arid desert; rainy season in west (November to April) |
mostly arid desert; rainy season in west (November to April) |
|
Juan de Nova Island |
tropical |
tropical |
|
Kazakhstan |
continental, cold winters and hot summers, arid and semiarid |
continental, cold winters and hot summers, arid and semiarid |
|
Kenya |
varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior |
varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior |
|
Kingman Reef |
tropical; moderated by prevailing winds |
tropical, but moderated by prevailing winds |
|
Kiribati |
tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade winds |
tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade winds |
|
Korea, North |
temperate with rainfall concentrated in summer |
temperate with rainfall concentrated in summer |
|
Korea, South |
temperate, with rainfall heavier in summer than winter |
temperate, with rainfall heavier in summer than winter |
|
Kuwait |
dry desert; intensely hot summers; short, cool winters |
dry desert; intensely hot summers; short, cool winters |
|
Kyrgyzstan |
dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone |
dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone |
|
Laos |
tropical monsoon; rainy season (May to November); dry season (December to April) |
tropical monsoon; rainy season (May to November); dry season (December to April) |
|
Latvia |
maritime; wet, moderate winters |
maritime; wet, moderate winters |
|
Lebanon |
Mediterranean; mild to cool, wet winters with hot, dry summers; Lebanon mountains experience heavy winter snows |
Mediterranean; mild to cool, wet winters with hot, dry summers; Lebanon mountains experience heavy winter snows |
|
Lesotho |
temperate; cool to cold, dry winters; hot, wet summers |
temperate; cool to cold, dry winters; hot, wet summers |
|
Liberia |
tropical; hot, humid; dry winters with hot days and cool to cold nights; wet, cloudy summers with frequent heavy showers |
tropical; hot, humid; dry winters with hot days and cool to cold nights; wet, cloudy summers with frequent heavy showers |
|
Libya |
Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior |
Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior |
|
Liechtenstein |
continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers |
continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers |
|
Lithuania |
transitional, between maritime and continental; wet, moderate winters and summers |
transitional, between maritime and continental; wet, moderate winters and summers |
|
Luxembourg |
modified continental with mild winters, cool summers |
modified continental with mild winters, cool summers |
|
Macau |
subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers |
subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers |
|
Macedonia |
warm, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall |
- |
|
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of |
- |
warm, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall |
|
Madagascar |
tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south |
tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south |
|
Malawi |
sub-tropical; rainy season (November to May); dry season (May to November) |
sub-tropical; rainy season (November to May); dry season (May to November) |
|
Malaysia |
tropical; annual southwest (April to October) and northeast (October to February) monsoons |
tropical; annual southwest (April to October) and northeast (October to February) monsoons |
|
Maldives |
tropical; hot, humid; dry, northeast monsoon (November to March); rainy, southwest monsoon (June to August) |
tropical; hot, humid; dry, northeast monsoon (November to March); rainy, southwest monsoon (June to August) |
|
Mali |
subtropical to arid; hot and dry February to June; rainy, humid, and mild June to November; cool and dry November to February |
subtropical to arid; hot and dry February to June; rainy, humid, and mild June to November; cool and dry November to February |
|
Malta |
Mediterranean with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers |
Mediterranean with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers |
|
Marshall Islands |
tropical; hot and humid; wet season from May to November; islands border typhoon belt |
wet season from May to November; hot and humid; islands border typhoon belt |
|
Martinique |
tropical; moderated by trade winds; rainy season (June to October); vulnerable to devastating cyclones (hurricanes) every eight years on average; average temperature 17.3 degrees C; humid |
tropical; moderated by trade winds; rainy season (June to October); vulnerable to devastating cyclones (hurricanes) every eight years on average; average temperature 17.3 degrees C; humid |
|
Mauritania |
desert; constantly hot, dry, dusty |
desert; constantly hot, dry, dusty |
|
Mauritius |
tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May) |
tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May) |
|
Mayotte |
tropical; marine; hot, humid, rainy season during northeastern monsoon (November to May); dry season is cooler (May to November) |
tropical; marine; hot, humid, rainy season during northeastern monsoon (November to May); dry season is cooler (May to November) |
|
Mexico |
varies from tropical to desert |
varies from tropical to desert |
|
Micronesia, Federated States of |
tropical; heavy year-round rainfall, especially in the eastern islands; located on southern edge of the typhoon belt with occasionally severe damage |
tropical; heavy year-round rainfall, especially in the eastern islands; located on southern edge of the typhoon belt with occasionally severe damage |
|
Midway Islands |
subtropical; moderated by prevailing easterly winds |
subtropical, but moderated by prevailing easterly winds |
|
Moldova |
moderate winters, warm summers |
moderate winters, warm summers |
|
Monaco |
Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers |
Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers |
|
Mongolia |
desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges) |
desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges) |
|
Montserrat |
tropical; little daily or seasonal temperature variation |
tropical; little daily or seasonal temperature variation |
|
Morocco |
Mediterranean, becoming more extreme in the interior |
Mediterranean, becoming more extreme in the interior |
|
Mozambique |
tropical to subtropical |
tropical to subtropical |
|
Namibia |
desert; hot, dry; rainfall sparse and erratic |
desert; hot, dry; rainfall sparse and erratic |
|
Nauru |
tropical with a monsoonal pattern; rainy season (November to February) |
tropical; monsoonal; rainy season (November to February) |
|
Navassa Island |
marine, tropical |
marine, tropical |
|
Nepal |
varies from cool summers and severe winters in north to subtropical summers and mild winters in south |
varies from cool summers and severe winters in north to subtropical summers and mild winters in south |
|
Netherlands |
temperate; marine; cool summers and mild winters |
temperate; marine; cool summers and mild winters |
|
Netherlands Antilles |
tropical; ameliorated by northeast trade winds |
tropical; ameliorated by northeast trade winds |
|
New Caledonia |
tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid |
tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid |
|
New Zealand |
temperate with sharp regional contrasts |
temperate with sharp regional contrasts |
|
Nicaragua |
tropical in lowlands, cooler in highlands |
tropical in lowlands, cooler in highlands |
|
Niger |
desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south |
desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south |
|
Nigeria |
varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north |
varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north |
|
Niue |
tropical; modified by southeast trade winds |
tropical; modified by southeast trade winds |
|
Norfolk Island |
subtropical; mild, little seasonal temperature variation |
subtropical, mild, little seasonal temperature variation |
|
Northern Mariana Islands |
tropical marine; moderated by northeast trade winds, little seasonal temperature variation; dry season December to June, rainy season July to October |
tropical marine; moderated by northeast trade winds, little seasonal temperature variation; dry season December to June, rainy season July to October |
|
Norway |
temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder interior with increased precipitation and colder summers; rainy year-round on west coast |
temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder interior with increased precipitation and colder summers; rainy year-round on west coast |
|
Oman |
dry desert; hot, humid along coast; hot, dry interior; strong southwest summer monsoon (May to September) in far south |
dry desert; hot, humid along coast; hot, dry interior; strong southwest summer monsoon (May to September) in far south |
|
Pacific Ocean |
planetary air pressure systems and resultant wind patterns exhibit remarkable uniformity in the south and east; trade winds and westerly winds are well-developed patterns, modified by seasonal fluctuations; tropical cyclones (hurricanes) may form south of Mexico from June to October and affect Mexico and Central America; continental influences cause climatic uniformity to be much less pronounced in the eastern and western regions at the same latitude in the North Pacific Ocean; the western Pacific is monsoonal - a rainy season occurs during the summer months, when moisture-laden winds blow from the ocean over the land, and a dry season during the winter months, when dry winds blow from the Asian landmass back to the ocean; tropical cyclones (typhoons) may strike southeast and east Asia from May to December |
planetary air pressure systems and resultant wind patterns exhibit remarkable uniformity in the south and east; trade winds and westerly winds are well-developed patterns, modified by seasonal fluctuations; tropical cyclones (hurricanes) may form south of Mexico from June to October and affect Mexico and Central America; continental influences cause climatic uniformity to be much less pronounced in the eastern and western regions at the same latitude in the North Pacific Ocean; the western Pacific is monsoonal - a rainy season occurs during the summer months, when moisture-laden winds blow from the ocean over the land, and a dry season during the winter months, when dry winds blow from the Asian landmass back to the ocean; tropical cyclones (typhoons) may strike southeast and east Asia from May to December |
|
Pakistan |
mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north |
mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north |
|
Palau |
tropical; hot and humid; wet season May to November |
wet season May to November; hot and humid |
|
Palmyra Atoll |
equatorial, hot, and very rainy |
equatorial, hot, and very rainy |
|
Panama |
tropical maritime; hot, humid, cloudy; prolonged rainy season (May to January), short dry season (January to May) |
tropical maritime; hot, humid, cloudy; prolonged rainy season (May to January), short dry season (January to May) |
|
Papua New Guinea |
tropical; northwest monsoon (December to March), southeast monsoon (May to October); slight seasonal temperature variation |
tropical; northwest monsoon (December to March), southeast monsoon (May to October); slight seasonal temperature variation |
|
Paracel Islands |
tropical |
tropical |
|
Paraguay |
subtropical to temperate; substantial rainfall in the eastern portions, becoming semiarid in the far west |
subtropical to temperate; substantial rainfall in the eastern portions, becoming semiarid in the far west |
|
Peru |
varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid in Andes |
varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid in Andes |
|
Philippines |
tropical marine; northeast monsoon (November to April); southwest monsoon (May to October) |
tropical marine; northeast monsoon (November to April); southwest monsoon (May to October) |
|
Pitcairn Islands |
tropical; hot and humid; modified by southeast trade winds; rainy season (November to March) |
tropical, hot, humid; modified by southeast trade winds; rainy season (November to March) |
|
Poland |
temperate with cold, cloudy, moderately severe winters with frequent precipitation; mild summers with frequent showers and thundershowers |
temperate with cold, cloudy, moderately severe winters with frequent precipitation; mild summers with frequent showers and thundershowers |
|
Portugal |
maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south |
maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south |
|
Puerto Rico |
tropical marine, mild; little seasonal temperature variation |
tropical marine, mild; little seasonal temperature variation |
|
Qatar |
arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers |
arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers |
|
Reunion |
tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry from May to November, hot and rainy from November to April |
tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry from May to November, hot and rainy from November to April |
|
Romania |
temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms |
temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms |
|
Russia |
ranges from steppes in the south through humid continental in much of European Russia; subarctic in Siberia to tundra climate in the polar north; winters vary from cool along Black Sea coast to frigid in Siberia; summers vary from warm in the steppes to cool along Arctic coast |
ranges from steppes in the south through humid continental in much of European Russia; subarctic in Siberia to tundra climate in the polar north; winters vary from cool along Black Sea coast to frigid in Siberia; summers vary from warm in the steppes to cool along Arctic coast |
|
Rwanda |
temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to January); mild in mountains with frost and snow possible |
temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to January); mild in mountains with frost and snow possible |
|
Saint Helena |
Saint Helena - tropical; marine; mild, tempered by trade winds; Tristan da Cunha - temperate; marine, mild, tempered by trade winds (tends to be cooler than Saint Helena) |
Saint Helena - tropical; marine; mild, tempered by trade winds; Tristan da Cunha - temperate; marine, mild, tempered by trade winds (tends to be cooler than Saint Helena) |
|
Saint Kitts and Nevis |
tropical tempered by constant sea breezes; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November) |
tropical tempered by constant sea breezes; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November) |
|
Saint Lucia |
tropical, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season from January to April, rainy season from May to August |
tropical, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season from January to April, rainy season from May to August |
|
Saint Pierre and Miquelon |
cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy |
cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy |
|
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
tropical; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November) |
tropical; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November) |
|
Samoa |
tropical; rainy season (November to April), dry season (May to October) |
tropical; rainy season (October to March), dry season (May to October) |
|
San Marino |
Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers |
Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers |
|
Sao Tome and Principe |
tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May) |
tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May) |
|
Saudi Arabia |
harsh, dry desert with great temperature extremes |
harsh, dry desert with great temperature extremes |
|
Senegal |
tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind |
tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind |
|
Serbia and Montenegro |
in the north, continental climate (cold winters and hot, humid summers with well distributed rainfall); central portion, continental and Mediterranean climate; to the south, Adriatic climate along the coast, hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall inland |
in the north, continental climate (cold winters and hot, humid summers with well distributed rainfall); central portion, continental and Mediterranean climate; to the south, Adriatic climate along the coast, hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall inland |
|
Seychelles |
tropical marine; humid; cooler season during southeast monsoon (late May to September); warmer season during northwest monsoon (March to May) |
tropical marine; humid; cooler season during southeast monsoon (late May to September); warmer season during northwest monsoon (March to May) |
|
Sierra Leone |
tropical; hot, humid; summer rainy season (May to December); winter dry season (December to April) |
tropical; hot, humid; summer rainy season (May to December); winter dry season (December to April) |
|
Singapore |
tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - Northeastern monsoon from December to March and Southwestern monsoon from June to September; inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms |
tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - Northeastern monsoon from December to March and Southwestern monsoon from June to September; inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms |
|
Slovakia |
temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters |
temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters |
|
Slovenia |
Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east |
Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east |
|
Solomon Islands |
tropical monsoon; few extremes of temperature and weather |
tropical monsoon; few extremes of temperature and weather |
|
Somalia |
principally desert; December to February - northeast monsoon, moderate temperatures in north and very hot in south; May to October - southwest monsoon, torrid in the north and hot in the south, irregular rainfall, hot and humid periods (tangambili) between monsoons |
principally desert; December to February - northeast monsoon, moderate temperatures in north and very hot in south; May to October - southwest monsoon, torrid in the north and hot in the south, irregular rainfall, hot and humid periods (tangambili) between monsoons |
|
South Africa |
mostly semiarid; subtropical along east coast; sunny days, cool nights |
mostly semiarid; subtropical along east coast; sunny days, cool nights |
|
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands |
variable, with mostly westerly winds throughout the year interspersed with periods of calm; nearly all precipitation falls as snow |
variable, with mostly westerly winds throughout the year interspersed with periods of calm; nearly all precipitation falls as snow |
|
Southern Ocean |
sea temperatures vary from about 10 degrees Celsius to -2 degrees Celsius; cyclonic storms travel eastward around the continent and frequently are intense because of the temperature contrast between ice and open ocean; the ocean area from about latitude 40 south to the Antarctic Circle has the strongest average winds found anywhere on Earth; in winter the ocean freezes outward to 65 degrees south latitude in the Pacific sector and 55 degrees south latitude in the Atlantic sector, lowering surface temperatures well below 0 degrees Celsius; at some coastal points intense persistent drainage winds from the interior keep the shoreline ice-free throughout the winter |
sea temperatures vary from about 10 degrees Celsius to -2 degrees Celsius; cyclonic storms travel eastward around the continent and frequently are intense because of the temperature contrast between ice and open ocean; the ocean area from about latitude 40 south to the Antarctic Circle has the strongest average winds found anywhere on Earth; in winter the ocean freezes outward to 65 degrees south latitude in the Pacific sector and 55 degrees south latitude in the Atlantic sector, lowering surface temperatures well below 0 degrees Celsius; at some coastal points intense persistent drainage winds from the interior keep the shoreline ice-free throughout the winter |
|
Spain |
temperate; clear, hot summers in interior, more moderate and cloudy along coast; cloudy, cold winters in interior, partly cloudy and cool along coast |
temperate; clear, hot summers in interior, more moderate and cloudy along coast; cloudy, cold winters in interior, partly cloudy and cool along coast |
|
Spratly Islands |
tropical |
tropical |
|
Sri Lanka |
tropical monsoon; northeast monsoon (December to March); southwest monsoon (June to October) |
tropical monsoon; northeast monsoon (December to March); southwest monsoon (June to October) |
|
Sudan |
tropical in south; arid desert in north; rainy season varies by region (April to November) |
tropical in south; arid desert in north; rainy season varies by region (April to November) |
|
Suriname |
tropical; moderated by trade winds |
tropical; moderated by trade winds |
|
Svalbard |
arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year |
arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year |
|
Swaziland |
varies from tropical to near temperate |
varies from tropical to near temperate |
|
Sweden |
temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north |
temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north |
|
Switzerland |
temperate, but varies with altitude; cold, cloudy, rainy/snowy winters; cool to warm, cloudy, humid summers with occasional showers |
temperate, but varies with altitude; cold, cloudy, rainy/snowy winters; cool to warm, cloudy, humid summers with occasional showers |
|
Syria |
mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (June to August) and mild, rainy winters (December to February) along coast; cold weather with snow or sleet periodically in Damascus |
mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (June to August) and mild, rainy winters (December to February) along coast; cold weather with snow or sleet periodically in Damascus |
|
Taiwan |
tropical; marine; rainy season during southwest monsoon (June to August); cloudiness is persistent and extensive all year |
tropical; marine; rainy season during southwest monsoon (June to August); cloudiness is persistent and extensive all year |
|
Tajikistan |
midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains |
midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains |
|
Tanzania |
varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands |
varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands |
|
Thailand |
tropical; rainy, warm, cloudy southwest monsoon (mid-May to September); dry, cool northeast monsoon (November to mid-March); southern isthmus always hot and humid |
tropical; rainy, warm, cloudy southwest monsoon (mid-May to September); dry, cool northeast monsoon (November to mid-March); southern isthmus always hot and humid |
|
Togo |
tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north |
tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north |
|
Tokelau |
tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November) |
tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November) |
|
Tonga |
tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December) |
tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December) |
|
Trinidad and Tobago |
tropical; rainy season (June to December) |
tropical; rainy season (June to December) |
|
Tromelin Island |
tropical |
tropical |
|
Tunisia |
temperate in north with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers; desert in south |
temperate in north with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers; desert in south |
|
Turkey |
temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior |
temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior |
|
Turkmenistan |
subtropical desert |
subtropical desert |
|
Turks and Caicos Islands |
tropical; marine; moderated by trade winds; sunny and relatively dry |
tropical; marine; moderated by trade winds; sunny and relatively dry |
|
Tuvalu |
tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds (March to November); westerly gales and heavy rain (November to March) |
tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds (March to November); westerly gales and heavy rain (November to March) |
|
Uganda |
tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast |
tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast |
|
Ukraine |
temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland; summers are warm across the greater part of the country, hot in the south |
temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland; summers are warm across the greater part of the country, hot in the south |
|
United Arab Emirates |
desert; cooler in eastern mountains |
desert; cooler in eastern mountains |
|
United Kingdom |
temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic Current; more than one-half of the days are overcast |
temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic Current; more than one-half of the days are overcast |
|
United States |
mostly temperate, but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the great plains west of the Mississippi River, and arid in the Great Basin of the southwest; low winter temperatures in the northwest are ameliorated occasionally in January and February by warm chinook winds from the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains |
mostly temperate, but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the great plains west of the Mississippi River, and arid in the Great Basin of the southwest; low winter temperatures in the northwest are ameliorated occasionally in January and February by warm chinook winds from the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains |
|
Uruguay |
warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown |
warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown |
|
Uzbekistan |
mostly midlatitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east |
mostly midlatitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east |
|
Vanuatu |
tropical; moderated by southeast trade winds from May to October; moderate rainfall from November to April; may be affected by cyclones from December to April |
tropical; moderated by southeast trade winds |
|
Venezuela |
tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands |
tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands |
|
Vietnam |
tropical in south; monsoonal in north with hot, rainy season (mid-May to mid-September) and warm, dry season (mid-October to mid-March) |
tropical in south; monsoonal in north with hot, rainy season (mid-May to mid-September) and warm, dry season (mid-October to mid-March) |
|
Virgin Islands |
subtropical, tempered by easterly trade winds, relatively low humidity, little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season September to November |
subtropical, tempered by easterly trade winds, relatively low humidity, little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season May to November |
|
Wake Island |
tropical |
tropical |
|
Wallis and Futuna |
tropical; hot, rainy season (November to April); cool, dry season (May to October); rains 2,500-3,000 mm per year (80% humidity); average temperature 26.6 degrees C |
tropical; hot, rainy season (November to April); cool, dry season (May to October); rains 2,500-3,000 mm per year (80% humidity); average temperature 26.6 degrees C |
|
West Bank |
temperate; temperature and precipitation vary with altitude, warm to hot summers, cool to mild winters |
temperate; temperature and precipitation vary with altitude, warm to hot summers, cool to mild winters |
|
Western Sahara |
hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air currents produce fog and heavy dew |
hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air currents produce fog and heavy dew |
|
World |
two large areas of polar climates separated by two rather narrow temperate zones form a wide equatorial band of tropical to subtropical climates |
two large areas of polar climates separated by two rather narrow temperate zones form a wide equatorial band of tropical to subtropical climates |
|
Yemen |
mostly desert; hot and humid along west coast; temperate in western mountains affected by seasonal monsoon; extraordinarily hot, dry, harsh desert in east |
mostly desert; hot and humid along west coast; temperate in western mountains affected by seasonal monsoon; extraordinarily hot, dry, harsh desert in east |
|
Zambia |
tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April) |
tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April) |
|
Zimbabwe |
tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to March) |
tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to March) |