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Compare Climate (2005) - Climate (2003)

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  Climate (2005)Climate (2003)
Afghanistan Afghanistan arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers
Akrotiri Akrotiri temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters -
Albania Albania mild temperate; cool, cloudy, wet winters; hot, clear, dry summers; interior is cooler and wetter mild temperate; cool, cloudy, wet winters; hot, clear, dry summers; interior is cooler and wetter
Algeria Algeria arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer
American Samoa American Samoa tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds; annual rainfall averages about 3 m; rainy season from November to April, dry season from May to October; little seasonal temperature variation tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds; annual rainfall averages about 3 m; rainy season from November to April, dry season from May to October; little seasonal temperature variation
Andorra Andorra temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers
Angola Angola semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April) semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)
Anguilla Anguilla tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds
Antarctica Antarctica severe low temperatures vary with latitude, elevation, and distance from the ocean; East Antarctica is colder than West Antarctica because of its higher elevation; Antarctic Peninsula has the most moderate climate; higher temperatures occur in January along the coast and average slightly below freezing severe low temperatures vary with latitude, elevation, and distance from the ocean; East Antarctica is colder than West Antarctica because of its higher elevation; Antarctic Peninsula has the most moderate climate; higher temperatures occur in January along the coast and average slightly below freezing
Antigua and Barbuda Antigua and Barbuda tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation
Arctic Ocean Arctic Ocean polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature ranges; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow
Argentina Argentina mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest
Armenia Armenia highland continental, hot summers, cold winters highland continental, hot summers, cold winters
Aruba Aruba tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation
Ashmore and Cartier Islands Ashmore and Cartier Islands tropical tropical
Atlantic Ocean Atlantic Ocean tropical cyclones (hurricanes) develop off the coast of Africa near Cape Verde and move westward into the Caribbean Sea; hurricanes can occur from May to December, but are most frequent from August to November tropical cyclones (hurricanes) develop off the coast of Africa near Cape Verde and move westward into the Caribbean Sea; hurricanes can occur from May to December, but are most frequent from August to November
Australia Australia generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north
Austria Austria temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain and some snow in lowlands and snow in mountains; moderate summers with occasional showers temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain in lowlands and snow in mountains; cool summers with occasional showers
Azerbaijan Azerbaijan dry, semiarid steppe dry, semiarid steppe
Bahamas, The Bahamas, The tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream
Bahrain Bahrain arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers
Baker Island Baker Island equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun
Bangladesh Bangladesh tropical; mild winter (October to March); hot, humid summer (March to June); humid, warm rainy monsoon (June to October) tropical; mild winter (October to March); hot, humid summer (March to June); humid, warm rainy monsoon (June to October)
Barbados Barbados tropical; rainy season (June to October) tropical; rainy season (June to October)
Bassas da India Bassas da India tropical tropical
Belarus Belarus cold winters, cool and moist summers; transitional between continental and maritime cold winters, cool and moist summers; transitional between continental and maritime
Belgium Belgium temperate; mild winters, cool summers; rainy, humid, cloudy temperate; mild winters, cool summers; rainy, humid, cloudy
Belize Belize tropical; very hot and humid; rainy season (May to November); dry season (February to May) tropical; very hot and humid; rainy season (May to November); dry season (February to May)
Benin Benin tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north
Bermuda Bermuda subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter
Bhutan Bhutan varies; tropical in southern plains; cool winters and hot summers in central valleys; severe winters and cool summers in Himalayas varies; tropical in southern plains; cool winters and hot summers in central valleys; severe winters and cool summers in Himalayas
Bolivia Bolivia varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast
Botswana Botswana semiarid; warm winters and hot summers semiarid; warm winters and hot summers
Bouvet Island Bouvet Island antarctic antarctic
Brazil Brazil mostly tropical, but temperate in south mostly tropical, but temperate in south
British Indian Ocean Territory British Indian Ocean Territory tropical marine; hot, humid, moderated by trade winds tropical marine; hot, humid, moderated by trade winds
British Virgin Islands British Virgin Islands subtropical; humid; temperatures moderated by trade winds subtropical; humid; temperatures moderated by trade winds
Brunei Brunei tropical; hot, humid, rainy tropical; hot, humid, rainy
Bulgaria Bulgaria temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers
Burkina Faso Burkina Faso tropical; warm, dry winters; hot, wet summers tropical; warm, dry winters; hot, wet summers
Burma Burma tropical monsoon; cloudy, rainy, hot, humid summers (southwest monsoon, June to September); less cloudy, scant rainfall, mild temperatures, lower humidity during winter (northeast monsoon, December to April) tropical monsoon; cloudy, rainy, hot, humid summers (southwest monsoon, June to September); less cloudy, scant rainfall, mild temperatures, lower humidity during winter (northeast monsoon, December to April)
Burundi Burundi equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; wet seasons from February to May and September to November, and dry seasons from June to August and December to January equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; wet seasons from February to May and September to November, and dry seasons from June to August and December to January
Cambodia Cambodia tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation
Cameroon Cameroon varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north
Canada Canada varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north
Cape Verde Cape Verde temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and very erratic temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and very erratic
Cayman Islands Cayman Islands tropical marine; warm, rainy summers (May to October) and cool, relatively dry winters (November to April) tropical marine; warm, rainy summers (May to October) and cool, relatively dry winters (November to April)
Central African Republic Central African Republic tropical; hot, dry winters; mild to hot, wet summers tropical; hot, dry winters; mild to hot, wet summers
Chad Chad tropical in south, desert in north tropical in south, desert in north
Chile Chile temperate; desert in north; Mediterranean in central region; cool and damp in south temperate; desert in north; Mediterranean in central region; cool and damp in south
China China extremely diverse; tropical in south to subarctic in north extremely diverse; tropical in south to subarctic in north
Christmas Island Christmas Island tropical with a wet and dry season; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds; wet season December to April tropical; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds
Clipperton Island Clipperton Island tropical; humid, average temperature 20-32 degrees C, rains May-October tropical; humid, average temperature 20-32 degrees C, rains May-October
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Cocos (Keeling) Islands tropical with high humidity, moderated by the southeast trade winds for about nine months of the year tropical with high humidity, moderated by the southeast trade winds for about nine months of the year
Colombia Colombia tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands
Comoros Comoros tropical marine; rainy season (November to May) tropical marine; rainy season (November to May)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the tropical; hot and humid in equatorial river basin; cooler and drier in southern highlands; cooler and wetter in eastern highlands; north of Equator - wet season April to October, dry season December to February; south of Equator - wet season November to March, dry season April to October tropical; hot and humid in equatorial river basin; cooler and drier in southern highlands; cooler and wetter in eastern highlands; north of Equator - wet season April to October, dry season December to February; south of Equator - wet season November to March, dry season April to October
Congo, Republic of the Congo, Republic of the tropical; rainy season (March to June); dry season (June to October); constantly high temperatures and humidity; particularly enervating climate astride the Equator tropical; rainy season (March to June); dry season (June to October); constantly high temperatures and humidity; particularly enervating climate astride the Equator
Cook Islands Cook Islands tropical; moderated by trade winds tropical; moderated by trade winds
Coral Sea Islands Coral Sea Islands tropical tropical
Costa Rica Costa Rica tropical and subtropical; dry season (December to April); rainy season (May to November); cooler in highlands tropical and subtropical; dry season (December to April); rainy season (May to November); cooler in highlands
Cote d'Ivoire Cote d'Ivoire tropical along coast, semiarid in far north; three seasons - warm and dry (November to March), hot and dry (March to May), hot and wet (June to October) tropical along coast, semiarid in far north; three seasons - warm and dry (November to March), hot and dry (March to May), hot and wet (June to October)
Croatia Croatia Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast
Cuba Cuba tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May to October) tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May to October)
Cyprus Cyprus temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters
Czech Republic Czech Republic temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters
Denmark Denmark temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers
Dhekelia Dhekelia temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters -
Djibouti Djibouti desert; torrid, dry desert; torrid, dry
Dominica Dominica tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds; heavy rainfall tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds; heavy rainfall
Dominican Republic Dominican Republic tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation; seasonal variation in rainfall tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation; seasonal variation in rainfall
East Timor East Timor tropical; hot, humid; distinct rainy and dry seasons tropical; hot, humid; distinct rainy and dry seasons
Ecuador Ecuador tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands
Egypt Egypt desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters
El Salvador El Salvador tropical; rainy season (May to October); dry season (November to April); tropical on coast; temperate in uplands tropical; rainy season (May to October); dry season (November to April); tropical on coast; temperate in uplands
Equatorial Guinea Equatorial Guinea tropical; always hot, humid tropical; always hot, humid
Eritrea Eritrea hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea coast; cooler and wetter in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall annually); semiarid in western hills and lowlands; rainfall heaviest during June-September except in coastal desert hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea coast; cooler and wetter in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall annually); semiarid in western hills and lowlands; rainfall heaviest during June-September except in coastal desert
Estonia Estonia maritime, wet, moderate winters, cool summers maritime, wet, moderate winters, cool summers
Ethiopia Ethiopia tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation
Europa Island Europa Island tropical tropical
European Union European Union cold temperate; potentially subarctic in the north to temperate; mild wet winters; hot dry summers in the south -
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 24 inches in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 24 inches in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate
Faroe Islands Faroe Islands mild winters, cool summers; usually overcast; foggy, windy mild winters, cool summers; usually overcast; foggy, windy
Fiji Fiji tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation
Finland Finland cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes cold temperate; potentially subarctic, but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes
France France generally cool winters and mild summers, but mild winters and hot summers along the Mediterranean; occasional strong, cold, dry, north-to-northwesterly wind known as mistral generally cool winters and mild summers, but mild winters and hot summers along the Mediterranean; occasional strong, cold, dry, north-to-northwesterly wind known as mistral
French Guiana French Guiana tropical; hot, humid; little seasonal temperature variation tropical; hot, humid; little seasonal temperature variation
French Polynesia French Polynesia tropical, but moderate tropical, but moderate
French Southern and Antarctic Lands French Southern and Antarctic Lands antarctic antarctic
Gabon Gabon tropical; always hot, humid tropical; always hot, humid
Gambia, The Gambia, The tropical; hot, rainy season (June to November); cooler, dry season (November to May) tropical; hot, rainy season (June to November); cooler, dry season (November to May)
Gaza Strip Gaza Strip temperate, mild winters, dry and warm to hot summers temperate, mild winters, dry and warm to hot summers
Georgia Georgia warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast
Germany Germany temperate and marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers; occasional warm mountain (foehn) wind temperate and marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers; occasional warm foehn wind
Ghana Ghana tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north
Gibraltar Gibraltar Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers
Glorioso Islands Glorioso Islands tropical tropical
Greece Greece temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers
Greenland Greenland arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters
Grenada Grenada tropical; tempered by northeast trade winds tropical; tempered by northeast trade winds
Guadeloupe Guadeloupe subtropical tempered by trade winds; moderately high humidity subtropical tempered by trade winds; moderately high humidity
Guam Guam tropical marine; generally warm and humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season from January to June, rainy season from July to December; little seasonal temperature variation tropical marine; generally warm and humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season from January to June, rainy season from July to December; little seasonal temperature variation
Guatemala Guatemala tropical; hot, humid in lowlands; cooler in highlands tropical; hot, humid in lowlands; cooler in highlands
Guernsey Guernsey temperate with mild winters and cool summers; about 50% of days are overcast temperate with mild winters and cool summers; about 50% of days are overcast
Guinea Guinea generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds
Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau tropical; generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds tropical; generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds
Guyana Guyana tropical; hot, humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; two rainy seasons (May to mid-August, mid-November to mid-January) tropical; hot, humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; two rainy seasons (May to mid-August, mid-November to mid-January)
Haiti Haiti tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds
Heard Island and McDonald Islands Heard Island and McDonald Islands antarctic antarctic
Holy See (Vatican City) Holy See (Vatican City) temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to mid-May) with hot, dry summers (May to September) temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to mid-May) with hot, dry summers (May to September)
Honduras Honduras subtropical in lowlands, temperate in mountains subtropical in lowlands, temperate in mountains
Hong Kong Hong Kong tropical monsoon; cool and humid in winter, hot and rainy from spring through summer, warm and sunny in fall tropical monsoon; cool and humid in winter, hot and rainy from spring through summer, warm and sunny in fall
Howland Island Howland Island equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun
Hungary Hungary temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers
Iceland Iceland temperate; moderated by North Atlantic Current; mild, windy winters; damp, cool summers temperate; moderated by North Atlantic Current; mild, windy winters; damp, cool summers
India India varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north
Indian Ocean Indian Ocean northeast monsoon (December to April), southwest monsoon (June to October); tropical cyclones occur during May/June and October/November in the northern Indian Ocean and January/February in the southern Indian Ocean northeast monsoon (December to April), southwest monsoon (June to October); tropical cyclones occur during May/June and October/November in the northern Indian Ocean and January/February in the southern Indian Ocean
Indonesia Indonesia tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands
Iran Iran mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast
Iraq Iraq mostly desert; mild to cool winters with dry, hot, cloudless summers; northern mountainous regions along Iranian and Turkish borders experience cold winters with occasionally heavy snows that melt in early spring, sometimes causing extensive flooding in central and southern Iraq mostly desert; mild to cool winters with dry, hot, cloudless summers; northern mountainous regions along Iranian and Turkish borders experience cold winters with occasionally heavy snows that melt in early spring, sometimes causing extensive flooding in central and southern Iraq
Ireland Ireland temperate maritime; modified by North Atlantic Current; mild winters, cool summers; consistently humid; overcast about half the time temperate maritime; modified by North Atlantic Current; mild winters, cool summers; consistently humid; overcast about half the time
Isle of Man Isle of Man temperate; cool summers and mild winters; overcast about one-third of the time temperate; cool summers and mild winters; overcast about one-third of the time
Israel Israel temperate; hot and dry in southern and eastern desert areas temperate; hot and dry in southern and eastern desert areas
Italy Italy predominantly Mediterranean; Alpine in far north; hot, dry in south predominantly Mediterranean; Alpine in far north; hot, dry in south
Jamaica Jamaica tropical; hot, humid; temperate interior tropical; hot, humid; temperate interior
Jan Mayen Jan Mayen arctic maritime with frequent storms and persistent fog arctic maritime with frequent storms and persistent fog
Japan Japan varies from tropical in south to cool temperate in north varies from tropical in south to cool temperate in north
Jarvis Island Jarvis Island tropical; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun tropical; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun
Jersey Jersey temperate; mild winters and cool summers temperate; mild winters and cool summers
Johnston Atoll Johnston Atoll tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast trade winds with little seasonal temperature variation tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast trade winds with little seasonal temperature variation
Jordan Jordan mostly arid desert; rainy season in west (November to April) mostly arid desert; rainy season in west (November to April)
Juan de Nova Island Juan de Nova Island tropical tropical
Kazakhstan Kazakhstan continental, cold winters and hot summers, arid and semiarid continental, cold winters and hot summers, arid and semiarid
Kenya Kenya varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior
Kingman Reef Kingman Reef tropical; moderated by prevailing winds tropical, but moderated by prevailing winds
Kiribati Kiribati tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade winds tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade winds
Korea, North Korea, North temperate with rainfall concentrated in summer temperate with rainfall concentrated in summer
Korea, South Korea, South temperate, with rainfall heavier in summer than winter temperate, with rainfall heavier in summer than winter
Kuwait Kuwait dry desert; intensely hot summers; short, cool winters dry desert; intensely hot summers; short, cool winters
Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone
Laos Laos tropical monsoon; rainy season (May to November); dry season (December to April) tropical monsoon; rainy season (May to November); dry season (December to April)
Latvia Latvia maritime; wet, moderate winters maritime; wet, moderate winters
Lebanon Lebanon Mediterranean; mild to cool, wet winters with hot, dry summers; Lebanon mountains experience heavy winter snows Mediterranean; mild to cool, wet winters with hot, dry summers; Lebanon mountains experience heavy winter snows
Lesotho Lesotho temperate; cool to cold, dry winters; hot, wet summers temperate; cool to cold, dry winters; hot, wet summers
Liberia Liberia tropical; hot, humid; dry winters with hot days and cool to cold nights; wet, cloudy summers with frequent heavy showers tropical; hot, humid; dry winters with hot days and cool to cold nights; wet, cloudy summers with frequent heavy showers
Libya Libya Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior
Liechtenstein Liechtenstein continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers
Lithuania Lithuania transitional, between maritime and continental; wet, moderate winters and summers transitional, between maritime and continental; wet, moderate winters and summers
Luxembourg Luxembourg modified continental with mild winters, cool summers modified continental with mild winters, cool summers
Macau Macau subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers
Macedonia Macedonia warm, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall -
Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, The Former Yugoslav Republic of - warm, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall
Madagascar Madagascar tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south
Malawi Malawi sub-tropical; rainy season (November to May); dry season (May to November) sub-tropical; rainy season (November to May); dry season (May to November)
Malaysia Malaysia tropical; annual southwest (April to October) and northeast (October to February) monsoons tropical; annual southwest (April to October) and northeast (October to February) monsoons
Maldives Maldives tropical; hot, humid; dry, northeast monsoon (November to March); rainy, southwest monsoon (June to August) tropical; hot, humid; dry, northeast monsoon (November to March); rainy, southwest monsoon (June to August)
Mali Mali subtropical to arid; hot and dry February to June; rainy, humid, and mild June to November; cool and dry November to February subtropical to arid; hot and dry February to June; rainy, humid, and mild June to November; cool and dry November to February
Malta Malta Mediterranean with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers Mediterranean with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers
Marshall Islands Marshall Islands tropical; hot and humid; wet season from May to November; islands border typhoon belt wet season from May to November; hot and humid; islands border typhoon belt
Martinique Martinique tropical; moderated by trade winds; rainy season (June to October); vulnerable to devastating cyclones (hurricanes) every eight years on average; average temperature 17.3 degrees C; humid tropical; moderated by trade winds; rainy season (June to October); vulnerable to devastating cyclones (hurricanes) every eight years on average; average temperature 17.3 degrees C; humid
Mauritania Mauritania desert; constantly hot, dry, dusty desert; constantly hot, dry, dusty
Mauritius Mauritius tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May) tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May)
Mayotte Mayotte tropical; marine; hot, humid, rainy season during northeastern monsoon (November to May); dry season is cooler (May to November) tropical; marine; hot, humid, rainy season during northeastern monsoon (November to May); dry season is cooler (May to November)
Mexico Mexico varies from tropical to desert varies from tropical to desert
Micronesia, Federated States of Micronesia, Federated States of tropical; heavy year-round rainfall, especially in the eastern islands; located on southern edge of the typhoon belt with occasionally severe damage tropical; heavy year-round rainfall, especially in the eastern islands; located on southern edge of the typhoon belt with occasionally severe damage
Midway Islands Midway Islands subtropical; moderated by prevailing easterly winds subtropical, but moderated by prevailing easterly winds
Moldova Moldova moderate winters, warm summers moderate winters, warm summers
Monaco Monaco Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers
Mongolia Mongolia desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges) desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)
Montserrat Montserrat tropical; little daily or seasonal temperature variation tropical; little daily or seasonal temperature variation
Morocco Morocco Mediterranean, becoming more extreme in the interior Mediterranean, becoming more extreme in the interior
Mozambique Mozambique tropical to subtropical tropical to subtropical
Namibia Namibia desert; hot, dry; rainfall sparse and erratic desert; hot, dry; rainfall sparse and erratic
Nauru Nauru tropical with a monsoonal pattern; rainy season (November to February) tropical; monsoonal; rainy season (November to February)
Navassa Island Navassa Island marine, tropical marine, tropical
Nepal Nepal varies from cool summers and severe winters in north to subtropical summers and mild winters in south varies from cool summers and severe winters in north to subtropical summers and mild winters in south
Netherlands Netherlands temperate; marine; cool summers and mild winters temperate; marine; cool summers and mild winters
Netherlands Antilles Netherlands Antilles tropical; ameliorated by northeast trade winds tropical; ameliorated by northeast trade winds
New Caledonia New Caledonia tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid
New Zealand New Zealand temperate with sharp regional contrasts temperate with sharp regional contrasts
Nicaragua Nicaragua tropical in lowlands, cooler in highlands tropical in lowlands, cooler in highlands
Niger Niger desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south
Nigeria Nigeria varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north
Niue Niue tropical; modified by southeast trade winds tropical; modified by southeast trade winds
Norfolk Island Norfolk Island subtropical; mild, little seasonal temperature variation subtropical, mild, little seasonal temperature variation
Northern Mariana Islands Northern Mariana Islands tropical marine; moderated by northeast trade winds, little seasonal temperature variation; dry season December to June, rainy season July to October tropical marine; moderated by northeast trade winds, little seasonal temperature variation; dry season December to June, rainy season July to October
Norway Norway temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder interior with increased precipitation and colder summers; rainy year-round on west coast temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder interior with increased precipitation and colder summers; rainy year-round on west coast
Oman Oman dry desert; hot, humid along coast; hot, dry interior; strong southwest summer monsoon (May to September) in far south dry desert; hot, humid along coast; hot, dry interior; strong southwest summer monsoon (May to September) in far south
Pacific Ocean Pacific Ocean planetary air pressure systems and resultant wind patterns exhibit remarkable uniformity in the south and east; trade winds and westerly winds are well-developed patterns, modified by seasonal fluctuations; tropical cyclones (hurricanes) may form south of Mexico from June to October and affect Mexico and Central America; continental influences cause climatic uniformity to be much less pronounced in the eastern and western regions at the same latitude in the North Pacific Ocean; the western Pacific is monsoonal - a rainy season occurs during the summer months, when moisture-laden winds blow from the ocean over the land, and a dry season during the winter months, when dry winds blow from the Asian landmass back to the ocean; tropical cyclones (typhoons) may strike southeast and east Asia from May to December planetary air pressure systems and resultant wind patterns exhibit remarkable uniformity in the south and east; trade winds and westerly winds are well-developed patterns, modified by seasonal fluctuations; tropical cyclones (hurricanes) may form south of Mexico from June to October and affect Mexico and Central America; continental influences cause climatic uniformity to be much less pronounced in the eastern and western regions at the same latitude in the North Pacific Ocean; the western Pacific is monsoonal - a rainy season occurs during the summer months, when moisture-laden winds blow from the ocean over the land, and a dry season during the winter months, when dry winds blow from the Asian landmass back to the ocean; tropical cyclones (typhoons) may strike southeast and east Asia from May to December
Pakistan Pakistan mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north
Palau Palau tropical; hot and humid; wet season May to November wet season May to November; hot and humid
Palmyra Atoll Palmyra Atoll equatorial, hot, and very rainy equatorial, hot, and very rainy
Panama Panama tropical maritime; hot, humid, cloudy; prolonged rainy season (May to January), short dry season (January to May) tropical maritime; hot, humid, cloudy; prolonged rainy season (May to January), short dry season (January to May)
Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea tropical; northwest monsoon (December to March), southeast monsoon (May to October); slight seasonal temperature variation tropical; northwest monsoon (December to March), southeast monsoon (May to October); slight seasonal temperature variation
Paracel Islands Paracel Islands tropical tropical
Paraguay Paraguay subtropical to temperate; substantial rainfall in the eastern portions, becoming semiarid in the far west subtropical to temperate; substantial rainfall in the eastern portions, becoming semiarid in the far west
Peru Peru varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid in Andes varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid in Andes
Philippines Philippines tropical marine; northeast monsoon (November to April); southwest monsoon (May to October) tropical marine; northeast monsoon (November to April); southwest monsoon (May to October)
Pitcairn Islands Pitcairn Islands tropical; hot and humid; modified by southeast trade winds; rainy season (November to March) tropical, hot, humid; modified by southeast trade winds; rainy season (November to March)
Poland Poland temperate with cold, cloudy, moderately severe winters with frequent precipitation; mild summers with frequent showers and thundershowers temperate with cold, cloudy, moderately severe winters with frequent precipitation; mild summers with frequent showers and thundershowers
Portugal Portugal maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south
Puerto Rico Puerto Rico tropical marine, mild; little seasonal temperature variation tropical marine, mild; little seasonal temperature variation
Qatar Qatar arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers
Reunion Reunion tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry from May to November, hot and rainy from November to April tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry from May to November, hot and rainy from November to April
Romania Romania temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms
Russia Russia ranges from steppes in the south through humid continental in much of European Russia; subarctic in Siberia to tundra climate in the polar north; winters vary from cool along Black Sea coast to frigid in Siberia; summers vary from warm in the steppes to cool along Arctic coast ranges from steppes in the south through humid continental in much of European Russia; subarctic in Siberia to tundra climate in the polar north; winters vary from cool along Black Sea coast to frigid in Siberia; summers vary from warm in the steppes to cool along Arctic coast
Rwanda Rwanda temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to January); mild in mountains with frost and snow possible temperate; two rainy seasons (February to April, November to January); mild in mountains with frost and snow possible
Saint Helena Saint Helena Saint Helena - tropical; marine; mild, tempered by trade winds; Tristan da Cunha - temperate; marine, mild, tempered by trade winds (tends to be cooler than Saint Helena) Saint Helena - tropical; marine; mild, tempered by trade winds; Tristan da Cunha - temperate; marine, mild, tempered by trade winds (tends to be cooler than Saint Helena)
Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts and Nevis tropical tempered by constant sea breezes; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November) tropical tempered by constant sea breezes; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)
Saint Lucia Saint Lucia tropical, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season from January to April, rainy season from May to August tropical, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season from January to April, rainy season from May to August
Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint Pierre and Miquelon cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Saint Vincent and the Grenadines tropical; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November) tropical; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)
Samoa Samoa tropical; rainy season (November to April), dry season (May to October) tropical; rainy season (October to March), dry season (May to October)
San Marino San Marino Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers
Sao Tome and Principe Sao Tome and Principe tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May) tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May)
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia harsh, dry desert with great temperature extremes harsh, dry desert with great temperature extremes
Senegal Senegal tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind
Serbia and Montenegro Serbia and Montenegro in the north, continental climate (cold winters and hot, humid summers with well distributed rainfall); central portion, continental and Mediterranean climate; to the south, Adriatic climate along the coast, hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall inland in the north, continental climate (cold winters and hot, humid summers with well distributed rainfall); central portion, continental and Mediterranean climate; to the south, Adriatic climate along the coast, hot, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall inland
Seychelles Seychelles tropical marine; humid; cooler season during southeast monsoon (late May to September); warmer season during northwest monsoon (March to May) tropical marine; humid; cooler season during southeast monsoon (late May to September); warmer season during northwest monsoon (March to May)
Sierra Leone Sierra Leone tropical; hot, humid; summer rainy season (May to December); winter dry season (December to April) tropical; hot, humid; summer rainy season (May to December); winter dry season (December to April)
Singapore Singapore tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - Northeastern monsoon from December to March and Southwestern monsoon from June to September; inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - Northeastern monsoon from December to March and Southwestern monsoon from June to September; inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms
Slovakia Slovakia temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters
Slovenia Slovenia Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east
Solomon Islands Solomon Islands tropical monsoon; few extremes of temperature and weather tropical monsoon; few extremes of temperature and weather
Somalia Somalia principally desert; December to February - northeast monsoon, moderate temperatures in north and very hot in south; May to October - southwest monsoon, torrid in the north and hot in the south, irregular rainfall, hot and humid periods (tangambili) between monsoons principally desert; December to February - northeast monsoon, moderate temperatures in north and very hot in south; May to October - southwest monsoon, torrid in the north and hot in the south, irregular rainfall, hot and humid periods (tangambili) between monsoons
South Africa South Africa mostly semiarid; subtropical along east coast; sunny days, cool nights mostly semiarid; subtropical along east coast; sunny days, cool nights
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands variable, with mostly westerly winds throughout the year interspersed with periods of calm; nearly all precipitation falls as snow variable, with mostly westerly winds throughout the year interspersed with periods of calm; nearly all precipitation falls as snow
Southern Ocean Southern Ocean sea temperatures vary from about 10 degrees Celsius to -2 degrees Celsius; cyclonic storms travel eastward around the continent and frequently are intense because of the temperature contrast between ice and open ocean; the ocean area from about latitude 40 south to the Antarctic Circle has the strongest average winds found anywhere on Earth; in winter the ocean freezes outward to 65 degrees south latitude in the Pacific sector and 55 degrees south latitude in the Atlantic sector, lowering surface temperatures well below 0 degrees Celsius; at some coastal points intense persistent drainage winds from the interior keep the shoreline ice-free throughout the winter sea temperatures vary from about 10 degrees Celsius to -2 degrees Celsius; cyclonic storms travel eastward around the continent and frequently are intense because of the temperature contrast between ice and open ocean; the ocean area from about latitude 40 south to the Antarctic Circle has the strongest average winds found anywhere on Earth; in winter the ocean freezes outward to 65 degrees south latitude in the Pacific sector and 55 degrees south latitude in the Atlantic sector, lowering surface temperatures well below 0 degrees Celsius; at some coastal points intense persistent drainage winds from the interior keep the shoreline ice-free throughout the winter
Spain Spain temperate; clear, hot summers in interior, more moderate and cloudy along coast; cloudy, cold winters in interior, partly cloudy and cool along coast temperate; clear, hot summers in interior, more moderate and cloudy along coast; cloudy, cold winters in interior, partly cloudy and cool along coast
Spratly Islands Spratly Islands tropical tropical
Sri Lanka Sri Lanka tropical monsoon; northeast monsoon (December to March); southwest monsoon (June to October) tropical monsoon; northeast monsoon (December to March); southwest monsoon (June to October)
Sudan Sudan tropical in south; arid desert in north; rainy season varies by region (April to November) tropical in south; arid desert in north; rainy season varies by region (April to November)
Suriname Suriname tropical; moderated by trade winds tropical; moderated by trade winds
Svalbard Svalbard arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year
Swaziland Swaziland varies from tropical to near temperate varies from tropical to near temperate
Sweden Sweden temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north
Switzerland Switzerland temperate, but varies with altitude; cold, cloudy, rainy/snowy winters; cool to warm, cloudy, humid summers with occasional showers temperate, but varies with altitude; cold, cloudy, rainy/snowy winters; cool to warm, cloudy, humid summers with occasional showers
Syria Syria mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (June to August) and mild, rainy winters (December to February) along coast; cold weather with snow or sleet periodically in Damascus mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (June to August) and mild, rainy winters (December to February) along coast; cold weather with snow or sleet periodically in Damascus
Taiwan Taiwan tropical; marine; rainy season during southwest monsoon (June to August); cloudiness is persistent and extensive all year tropical; marine; rainy season during southwest monsoon (June to August); cloudiness is persistent and extensive all year
Tajikistan Tajikistan midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains
Tanzania Tanzania varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands
Thailand Thailand tropical; rainy, warm, cloudy southwest monsoon (mid-May to September); dry, cool northeast monsoon (November to mid-March); southern isthmus always hot and humid tropical; rainy, warm, cloudy southwest monsoon (mid-May to September); dry, cool northeast monsoon (November to mid-March); southern isthmus always hot and humid
Togo Togo tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north
Tokelau Tokelau tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November) tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November)
Tonga Tonga tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December) tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December)
Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad and Tobago tropical; rainy season (June to December) tropical; rainy season (June to December)
Tromelin Island Tromelin Island tropical tropical
Tunisia Tunisia temperate in north with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers; desert in south temperate in north with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers; desert in south
Turkey Turkey temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior
Turkmenistan Turkmenistan subtropical desert subtropical desert
Turks and Caicos Islands Turks and Caicos Islands tropical; marine; moderated by trade winds; sunny and relatively dry tropical; marine; moderated by trade winds; sunny and relatively dry
Tuvalu Tuvalu tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds (March to November); westerly gales and heavy rain (November to March) tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds (March to November); westerly gales and heavy rain (November to March)
Uganda Uganda tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast
Ukraine Ukraine temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland; summers are warm across the greater part of the country, hot in the south temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland; summers are warm across the greater part of the country, hot in the south
United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates desert; cooler in eastern mountains desert; cooler in eastern mountains
United Kingdom United Kingdom temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic Current; more than one-half of the days are overcast temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic Current; more than one-half of the days are overcast
United States United States mostly temperate, but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the great plains west of the Mississippi River, and arid in the Great Basin of the southwest; low winter temperatures in the northwest are ameliorated occasionally in January and February by warm chinook winds from the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains mostly temperate, but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the great plains west of the Mississippi River, and arid in the Great Basin of the southwest; low winter temperatures in the northwest are ameliorated occasionally in January and February by warm chinook winds from the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains
Uruguay Uruguay warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown
Uzbekistan Uzbekistan mostly midlatitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east mostly midlatitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east
Vanuatu Vanuatu tropical; moderated by southeast trade winds from May to October; moderate rainfall from November to April; may be affected by cyclones from December to April tropical; moderated by southeast trade winds
Venezuela Venezuela tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands
Vietnam Vietnam tropical in south; monsoonal in north with hot, rainy season (mid-May to mid-September) and warm, dry season (mid-October to mid-March) tropical in south; monsoonal in north with hot, rainy season (mid-May to mid-September) and warm, dry season (mid-October to mid-March)
Virgin Islands Virgin Islands subtropical, tempered by easterly trade winds, relatively low humidity, little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season September to November subtropical, tempered by easterly trade winds, relatively low humidity, little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season May to November
Wake Island Wake Island tropical tropical
Wallis and Futuna Wallis and Futuna tropical; hot, rainy season (November to April); cool, dry season (May to October); rains 2,500-3,000 mm per year (80% humidity); average temperature 26.6 degrees C tropical; hot, rainy season (November to April); cool, dry season (May to October); rains 2,500-3,000 mm per year (80% humidity); average temperature 26.6 degrees C
West Bank West Bank temperate; temperature and precipitation vary with altitude, warm to hot summers, cool to mild winters temperate; temperature and precipitation vary with altitude, warm to hot summers, cool to mild winters
Western Sahara Western Sahara hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air currents produce fog and heavy dew hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air currents produce fog and heavy dew
World World two large areas of polar climates separated by two rather narrow temperate zones form a wide equatorial band of tropical to subtropical climates two large areas of polar climates separated by two rather narrow temperate zones form a wide equatorial band of tropical to subtropical climates
Yemen Yemen mostly desert; hot and humid along west coast; temperate in western mountains affected by seasonal monsoon; extraordinarily hot, dry, harsh desert in east mostly desert; hot and humid along west coast; temperate in western mountains affected by seasonal monsoon; extraordinarily hot, dry, harsh desert in east
Zambia Zambia tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April) tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April)
Zimbabwe Zimbabwe tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to March) tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to March)
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