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Compare Montserrat (2001) - Svalbard (2008)

Compare Montserrat (2001) z Svalbard (2008)

 Montserrat (2001)Svalbard (2008)
 MontserratSvalbard
Administrative divisions 3 parishes; Saint Anthony, Saint Georges, Saint Peter's -
Age structure 0-14 years:
23.83% (male 907; female 898)

15-64 years:
64.66% (male 2,341; female 2,556)

65 years and over:
11.51% (male 464; female 408) (2001 est.)		 0-14 years: NA


15-64 years: NA


65 years and over: NA
Agriculture - products cabbages, carrots, cucumbers, tomatoes, onions, peppers; livestock products -
Airports 1 (2000 est.) 4 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways total:
1

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)		 total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 3


under 914 m: 3 (2007)
Area total:
100 sq km

land:
100 sq km

water:
0 sq km		 total: 61,020 sq km


land: 61,020 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya (Bear Island)
Area - comparative about 0.6 times the size of Washington, DC slightly smaller than West Virginia
Background Much of this island has been devastated and two-thirds of the population has fled abroad due to the eruption of the Soufriere Hills volcano that began on 18 July 1995. First discovered by the Norwegians in the 12th century, the islands served as an international whaling base during the 17th and 18th centuries. Norway's sovereignty was recognized in 1920; five years later it officially took over the territory.
Birth rate 17.43 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) NA
Budget revenues:
$31.4 million

expenditures:
$31.6 million, including capital expenditures of $8.4 million (1997 est.)		 revenues: $25.07 million


expenditures: $NA (2004 est.)
Capital Plymouth (abandoned in 1997 due to volcanic activity; interim government buildings have been built at Brades, in the Carr's Bay/Little Bay vicinity at the northwest end of Montserrat) name: Longyearbyen


geographic coordinates: 78 13 N, 15 33 E


time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)


daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Climate tropical; little daily or seasonal temperature variation arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year
Coastline 40 km 3,587 km
Constitution present constitution came into force 19 December 1989 -
Country name conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Montserrat		 conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Svalbard (sometimes referred to as Spitzbergen)
Currency East Caribbean dollar (XCD) -
Death rate 7.53 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) NA
Debt - external $8.9 million (1997) -
Dependency status overseas territory of the UK territory of Norway; administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920) sovereignty was awarded to Norway
Diplomatic representation from the US none (overseas territory of the UK) -
Diplomatic representation in the US none (overseas territory of the UK) -
Disputes - international none despite recent discussions, Russia and Norway dispute their maritime limits in the Barents Sea and Russia's fishing rights beyond Svalbard's territorial limits within the Svalbard Treaty zone
Economic aid - recipient $9.8 million (1995); note - about $100 million (1996-98) in reconstruction aid from the UK; Country Policy Plan (1999) is a three-year program for spending $122.8 million in British budgetary assistance $8.2 million from Norway (1998)
Economy - overview Severe volcanic activity, which began in July 1995, has put a damper on this small, open economy. A catastrophic eruption in June 1997 closed the airports and seaports, causing further economic and social dislocation. Two-thirds of the 12,000 inhabitants fled the island. Some began to return in 1998, but lack of housing limited the number. The agriculture sector continued to be affected by the lack of suitable land for farming and the destruction of crops. Prospects for the economy depend largely on developments in relation to the volcano and on public sector construction activity. The UK committed to a three year $125 million aid program in 1999 to help reconstruct the economy. Coal mining is the major economic activity on Svalbard. The treaty of 9 February 1920 gave the 41 signatories equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US, UK, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still mining are Norwegian and Russian. The settlements on Svalbard are essentially company towns. The Norwegian state-owned coal company employs nearly 60% of the Norwegian population on the island, runs many of the local services, and provides most of the local infrastructure. There is also some hunting of seal, reindeer, and fox.
Electricity - consumption 9.3 million kWh (1999) -
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production 10 million kWh (1999) -
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)		 -
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Caribbean Sea 0 m

highest point:
Chances Peak (in the Soufriere Hills) 914 m		 lowest point: Arctic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Newtontoppen 1,717 m
Environment - current issues land erosion occurs on slopes that have been cleared for cultivation NA
Ethnic groups black, white Norwegian 55.4%, Russian and Ukrainian 44.3%, other 0.3% (1998)
Exchange rates East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976) Norwegian kroner per US dollar - 5.8396 (2007), 6.4117 (2006), 6.4425 (2005), 6.7408 (2004), 7.0802 (2003)
Executive branch chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Anthony John ABBOTT (since NA September 1997)

head of government:
Chief Minister David BRANDT (since 22 August 1997)

cabinet:
Executive Council consists of the governor, the chief minister, three other ministers, the attorney general, and the finance secretary

elections:
the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party usually becomes chief minister; note - as a result of the last election, a coalition party was formed between NPP, NDP, and one of the independent candidates		 chief of state: King HARALD V of Norway (since 17 January 1991)


head of government: Governor Per SEFLAND (since 1 October 2005); Assistant Governor Rune Baard HANSEN (since 2003)


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor and assistant governor responsible to the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice
Exports $1.5 million (1998) $197.6 million (2004)
Exports - commodities electronic components, plastic bags, apparel, hot peppers, live plants, cattle -
Exports - partners US, Antigua and Barbuda (1993) -
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March -
Flag description blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Montserratian coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms features a woman standing beside a yellow harp with her arm around a black cross the flag of Norway is used
GDP purchasing power parity - $31 million (1999 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
5.4%

industry:
13.6%

services:
81% (1996 est.)		 -
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $5,000 (1999 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate -1.5% (1999 est.) NA%
Geographic coordinates 16 45 N, 62 12 W 78 00 N, 20 00 E
Geography - note - northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of nine main islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area; Spitsbergen Island is the site of the Svalbard Global Seed Vault, a seed repository established by the Global Crop Diversity Trust and the Norwegian Government
Heliports - 1 (2007)
Highways total:
269 km

paved:
203 km

unpaved:
66 km (1995)		 -
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%		 -
Illicit drugs transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe -
Imports $26 million (1998) $NA
Imports - commodities machinery and transportation equipment, foodstuffs, manufactured goods, fuels, lubricants, and related materials -
Imports - partners US, UK, Trinidad and Tobago, Japan, Canada (1993) -
Independence none (overseas territory of the UK) none (territory of Norway)
Industrial production growth rate NA% -
Industries tourism, rum, textiles, electronic appliances -
Infant mortality rate 8.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: NA


male: NA


female: NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 5% (1998) -
International organization participation Caricom, CDB, ECLAC (associate), ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), OECS, WCL none
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 17 (2000) -
Irrigated land NA sq km NA
Judicial branch Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint Lucia, one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the High Court) -
Labor force 4,521 (1992); note - recently lowered by flight of people from volcanic activity NA
Labor force - by occupation agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA% -
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land:
20%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
10%

forests and woodland:
40%

other:
30% (1993 est.)		 arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (no trees; the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry) (2005)
Languages English Norwegian, Russian
Legal system English common law and statutory law the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Council (11 seats, 7 popularly elected; members serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 11 November 1996 (next to be held by NA November 2001)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PPA 2, MNR 2, NPP 1, independent 2		 -
Life expectancy at birth total population:
78.03 years

male:
75.95 years

female:
80.22 years (2001 est.)		 total population: NA


male: NA


female: NA
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over has ever attended school

total population:
97%

male:
97%

female:
97% (1970 est.)		 NA
Location Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, southeast of Puerto Rico Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway
Map references Central America and the Caribbean Arctic Region
Maritime claims exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
3 NM		 territorial sea: 4 nm


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm unilaterally claimed by Norway but not recognized by Russia
Merchant marine none (2000 est.) -
Military - note defense is the responsibility of the UK demilitarized by treaty on 9 February 1920
Military branches Police Force -
National holiday Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926) -
Nationality noun:
Montserratian(s)

adjective:
Montserratian		 -
Natural hazards severe hurricanes (June to November); volcanic eruptions (full-scale eruptions of the Soufriere Hills volcano occurred during 1996-97) ice floes often block the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic
Natural resources NEGL coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, phosphate, wildlife, fish
Net migration rate 123.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) NA
Political parties and leaders Movement for National Reconstruction or MNR [Percival Austin BRAMBLE]; National Development Party or NDP [leader NA]; National Progressive Party or NPP [Reuben T. MEADE]; People's Progressive Alliance or PPA [John A. OSBORNE] -
Political pressure groups and leaders NA -
Population 7,574

note:
an estimated 8,000 refugees left the island following the resumption of volcanic activity in July 1995; some have returned (July 2001 est.)		 2,214 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% -
Population growth rate 13.39% (2001 est.) -0.007% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors Plymouth (abandoned), Little Bay (anchorages and ferry landing), Carr's Bay -
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 1, FM 1 (plus 2 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 7,000 (1997) -
Railways 0 km -
Religions Anglican, Methodist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal, Seventh-Day Adventist, other Christian denominations -
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.92 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
1.14 male(s)/female

total population:
0.96 male(s)/female (2001 est.)		 NA (2007 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal -
Telephone system general assessment:
NA

domestic:
NA

international:
NA		 general assessment: probably adequate


domestic: local telephone service


international: country code - 47-790; satellite earth station - 1 of unknown type (for communication with Norwegian mainland only)
Telephones - main lines in use 4,000 (1997) NA
Telephones - mobile cellular 70 (1994) -
Television broadcast stations 1 (1997) NA
Terrain volcanic islands, mostly mountainous, with small coastal lowland wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along west and north coasts
Total fertility rate 1.82 children born/woman (2001 est.) NA
Unemployment rate 20% (1996 est.) -
Waterways none -
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