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Compare Montserrat (2001) - Reunion (2001)
Compare Montserrat (2001) z Reunion (2001)
| Montserrat (2001) | Reunion (2001) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 3 parishes; Saint Anthony, Saint Georges, Saint Peter's | none (overseas department of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 4 arrondissements, 24 communes, and 47 cantons |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
23.83% (male 907; female 898) 15-64 years: 64.66% (male 2,341; female 2,556) 65 years and over: 11.51% (male 464; female 408) (2001 est.) |
0-14 years:
32.07% (male 120,259; female 114,669) 15-64 years: 62.25% (male 224,347; female 231,698) 65 years and over: 5.68% (male 16,892; female 24,705) (2001 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | cabbages, carrots, cucumbers, tomatoes, onions, peppers; livestock products | sugarcane, vanilla, tobacco, tropical fruits, vegetables, corn |
| Airports | 1 (2000 est.) | 2 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
1 under 914 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
total:
2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
| Area | total:
100 sq km land: 100 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total:
2,512 sq km land: 2,502 sq km water: 10 sq km |
| Area - comparative | about 0.6 times the size of Washington, DC | slightly smaller than Rhode Island |
| Background | Much of this island has been devastated and two-thirds of the population has fled abroad due to the eruption of the Soufriere Hills volcano that began on 18 July 1995. | The Portuguese discovered the uninhabited island in 1513. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, French immigration supplemented by influxes of Africans, Chinese, Malays, and Malabar Indians gave the island its ethnic mix. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 cost the island its importance as a stopover on the East Indies trade route. |
| Birth rate | 17.43 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 21.26 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Budget | revenues:
$31.4 million expenditures: $31.6 million, including capital expenditures of $8.4 million (1997 est.) |
revenues:
NA expenditures: NA |
| Capital | Plymouth (abandoned in 1997 due to volcanic activity; interim government buildings have been built at Brades, in the Carr's Bay/Little Bay vicinity at the northwest end of Montserrat) | Saint-Denis |
| Climate | tropical; little daily or seasonal temperature variation | tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry from May to November, hot and rainy from November to April |
| Coastline | 40 km | 207 km |
| Constitution | present constitution came into force 19 December 1989 | 28 September 1958 (French Constitution) |
| Country name | conventional long form:
none conventional short form: Montserrat |
conventional long form:
Department of Reunion conventional short form: Reunion local long form: none local short form: Ile de la Reunion former: Bourbon Island |
| Currency | East Caribbean dollar (XCD) | French franc (FRF); euro (EUR) |
| Death rate | 7.53 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 5.52 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Debt - external | $8.9 million (1997) | $NA |
| Dependency status | overseas territory of the UK | overseas department of France |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | none (overseas territory of the UK) | none (overseas department of France) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (overseas territory of the UK) | none (overseas department of France) |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $9.8 million (1995); note - about $100 million (1996-98) in reconstruction aid from the UK; Country Policy Plan (1999) is a three-year program for spending $122.8 million in British budgetary assistance | $NA; note - substantial annual subsidies from France |
| Economy - overview | Severe volcanic activity, which began in July 1995, has put a damper on this small, open economy. A catastrophic eruption in June 1997 closed the airports and seaports, causing further economic and social dislocation. Two-thirds of the 12,000 inhabitants fled the island. Some began to return in 1998, but lack of housing limited the number. The agriculture sector continued to be affected by the lack of suitable land for farming and the destruction of crops. Prospects for the economy depend largely on developments in relation to the volcano and on public sector construction activity. The UK committed to a three year $125 million aid program in 1999 to help reconstruct the economy. | The economy has traditionally been based on agriculture. Sugarcane has been the primary crop for more than a century, and in some years it accounts for 85% of exports. The government has been pushing the development of a tourist industry to relieve high unemployment, which amounts to more than 40% of the labor force. The gap in Reunion between the well-off and the poor is extraordinary and accounts for the persistent social tensions. The white and Indian communities are substantially better off than other segments of the population, often approaching European standards, whereas minority groups suffer the poverty and unemployment typical of the poorer nations of the African continent. The outbreak of severe rioting in February 1991 illustrates the seriousness of socioeconomic tensions. The economic well-being of Reunion depends heavily on continued financial assistance from France. |
| Electricity - consumption | 9.3 million kWh (1999) | 1.023 billion kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (1999) | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (1999) | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production | 10 million kWh (1999) | 1.1 billion kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel:
100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
fossil fuel:
54.55% hydro: 45.45% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Caribbean Sea 0 m highest point: Chances Peak (in the Soufriere Hills) 914 m |
lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Piton des Neiges 3,069 m |
| Environment - current issues | land erosion occurs on slopes that have been cleared for cultivation | NA |
| Ethnic groups | black, white | French, African, Malagasy, Chinese, Pakistani, Indian |
| Exchange rates | East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976) | euros per US dollar - 1.06594 (January 2001), 1.08540 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997), 5.1155 (1996) |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Anthony John ABBOTT (since NA September 1997) head of government: Chief Minister David BRANDT (since 22 August 1997) cabinet: Executive Council consists of the governor, the chief minister, three other ministers, the attorney general, and the finance secretary elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party usually becomes chief minister; note - as a result of the last election, a coalition party was formed between NPP, NDP, and one of the independent candidates |
chief of state:
President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Robert POMMIES (since NA 1996) head of government: President of the General Council Jean-Luc POUDROUX (since NA March 1998) and President of the Regional Council Paul VERGES (since NA March 1993) cabinet: NA elections: French president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; the presidents of the General and Regional Councils are elected by the members of those councils |
| Exports | $1.5 million (1998) | $214 million (f.o.b., 1997) |
| Exports - commodities | electronic components, plastic bags, apparel, hot peppers, live plants, cattle | sugar 63%, rum and molasses 4%, perfume essences 2%, lobster 3%, (1993) |
| Exports - partners | US, Antigua and Barbuda (1993) | France 74%, Japan 6%, Comoros 4% (1994) |
| Fiscal year | 1 April - 31 March | calendar year |
| Flag description | blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Montserratian coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms features a woman standing beside a yellow harp with her arm around a black cross | the flag of France is used |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $31 million (1999 est.) | purchasing power parity - $3.4 billion (1998 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
5.4% industry: 13.6% services: 81% (1996 est.) |
agriculture:
NA% industry: NA% services: NA% |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $5,000 (1999 est.) | purchasing power parity - $4,800 (1998 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | -1.5% (1999 est.) | 3.8% (1998 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 16 45 N, 62 12 W | 21 06 S, 55 36 E |
| Highways | total:
269 km paved: 203 km unpaved: 66 km (1995) |
total:
2,724 km paved: 1,300 km (including 73 km of four-lane road) unpaved: 1,424 km note: 370 km of road are maintained by national authorities, 754 km by departmental authorities and 1600 km by local authorities (1994) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
| Illicit drugs | transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe | - |
| Imports | $26 million (1998) | $2.5 billion (c.i.f., 1997) |
| Imports - commodities | machinery and transportation equipment, foodstuffs, manufactured goods, fuels, lubricants, and related materials | manufactured goods, food, beverages, tobacco, machinery and transportation equipment, raw materials, and petroleum products |
| Imports - partners | US, UK, Trinidad and Tobago, Japan, Canada (1993) | France 64%, Bahrain 3%, Germany 3%, Italy 3% (1994) |
| Independence | none (overseas territory of the UK) | none (overseas department of France) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | NA% |
| Industries | tourism, rum, textiles, electronic appliances | sugar, rum, cigarettes, handicraft items, flower oil extraction |
| Infant mortality rate | 8.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) | 8.49 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 5% (1998) | NA% |
| International organization participation | Caricom, CDB, ECLAC (associate), ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), OECS, WCL | FZ, InOC, WFTU |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 17 (2000) | 1 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | 60 sq km (1993 est.) |
| Judicial branch | Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint Lucia, one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the High Court) | Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel |
| Labor force | 4,521 (1992); note - recently lowered by flight of people from volcanic activity | 261,000 (1995) |
| Labor force - by occupation | agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA% | agriculture 8%, industry 19%, services 73% (1990) |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
| Land use | arable land:
20% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 10% forests and woodland: 40% other: 30% (1993 est.) |
arable land:
17% permanent crops: 2% permanent pastures: 5% forests and woodland: 35% other: 41% (1993 est.) |
| Languages | English | French (official), Creole widely used |
| Legal system | English common law and statutory law | French law |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Legislative Council (11 seats, 7 popularly elected; members serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 11 November 1996 (next to be held by NA November 2001) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PPA 2, MNR 2, NPP 1, independent 2 |
unicameral General Council (47 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve six-year terms) and a unicameral Regional Council (45 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve six-year terms)
elections: General Council - last held NA March 1994 (next to be held NA 2000); Regional Council - last held 15 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: General Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PCR 12, PS 12, UDF 11, RPR 5, others 7; Regional Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PCR 7, UDF 8, PS 6, RPR 4, various right-wing candidates 15, various left-wing candidates 5 note: Reunion elects three representatives to the French Senate; elections last held 14 April 1996 (next to be held NA 2001); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPR 1, PCR 2; Reunion also elects five deputies to the French National Assembly; elections last held 25 May and 1 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PCR 3, PS 1, and RPR-UDF 1 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
78.03 years male: 75.95 years female: 80.22 years (2001 est.) |
total population:
72.93 years male: 69.53 years female: 76.49 years (2001 est.) |
| Literacy | definition:
age 15 and over has ever attended school total population: 97% male: 97% female: 97% (1970 est.) |
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 79% male: 76% female: 80% (1982 est.) |
| Location | Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, southeast of Puerto Rico | Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar |
| Map references | Central America and the Caribbean | World |
| Maritime claims | exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM territorial sea: 3 NM |
exclusive economic zone:
200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | none (2000 est.) | total:
1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 28,264 GRT/44,885 DWT ships by type: chemical tanker 1 (2000 est.) |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of the UK | defense is the responsibility of France |
| Military branches | Police Force | French forces (Army, Navy, Air Force, and Gendarmerie) |
| Military manpower - availability | - | males age 15-49:
190,846 (2001 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | - | males age 15-49:
97,497 (2001 est.) |
| Military manpower - military age | - | 18 years of age |
| Military manpower - reaching military age annually | - | males:
6,243 (2001 est.) |
| National holiday | Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926) | Bastille Day, 14 July (1789) |
| Nationality | noun:
Montserratian(s) adjective: Montserratian |
noun:
Reunionese (singular and plural) adjective: Reunionese |
| Natural hazards | severe hurricanes (June to November); volcanic eruptions (full-scale eruptions of the Soufriere Hills volcano occurred during 1996-97) | periodic, devastating cyclones (December to April); Piton de la Fournaise on the southeastern coast is an active volcano |
| Natural resources | NEGL | fish, arable land, hydropower |
| Net migration rate | 123.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | Movement for National Reconstruction or MNR [Percival Austin BRAMBLE]; National Development Party or NDP [leader NA]; National Progressive Party or NPP [Reuben T. MEADE]; People's Progressive Alliance or PPA [John A. OSBORNE] | Communist Party of Reunion or PCR [Paul VERGES]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Andre Maurice PIHOUEE]; Socialist Party or PS [Jean-Claude FRUTEAU]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Gilbert GERARD] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | NA | NA |
| Population | 7,574
note: an estimated 8,000 refugees left the island following the resumption of volcanic activity in July 1995; some have returned (July 2001 est.) |
732,570 (July 2001 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 13.39% (2001 est.) | 1.57% (2001 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Plymouth (abandoned), Little Bay (anchorages and ferry landing), Carr's Bay | Le Port, Pointe des Galets |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998) | AM 2, FM 55, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | 7,000 (1997) | 173,000 (1997) |
| Railways | 0 km | 0 km |
| Religions | Anglican, Methodist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal, Seventh-Day Adventist, other Christian denominations | Roman Catholic 86%, Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist (1995) |
| Sex ratio | at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.14 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
NA domestic: NA international: NA |
general assessment:
adequate system; principal center is Saint-Denis domestic: modern open wire and microwave radio relay network international: radiotelephone communication to Comoros, France, Madagascar; new microwave route to Mauritius; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 4,000 (1997) | 236,500 (1997) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 70 (1994) | 85,000 (1999) |
| Television broadcast stations | 1 (1997) | 22 (plus 18 low-power repeaters) (1997) |
| Terrain | volcanic islands, mostly mountainous, with small coastal lowland | mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast |
| Total fertility rate | 1.82 children born/woman (2001 est.) | 2.58 children born/woman (2001 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 20% (1996 est.) | 42.8% (1998) |
| Waterways | none | none |
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