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Compare Mongolia (2005) - Jersey (2003)
Compare Mongolia (2005) z Jersey (2003)
| Mongolia (2005) | Jersey (2003) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 21 provinces (aymguud, singular - aymag) and 1 municipality* (singular - hot); Arhangay, Bayanhongor, Bayan-Olgiy, Bulgan, Darhan Uul, Dornod, Dornogovi, Dundgovi, Dzavhan, Govi-Altay, Govi-Sumber, Hentiy, Hovd, Hovsgol, Omnogovi, Orhon, Ovorhangay, Selenge, Suhbaatar, Tov, Ulaanbaatar*, Uvs | none (British crown dependency) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 28.7% (male 407,547/female 392,440)
15-64 years: 67.7% (male 943,418/female 945,063) 65 years and over: 3.7% (male 44,413/female 58,391) (2005 est.) |
0-14 years: 17.8% (male 8,292; female 7,744)
15-64 years: 67.2% (male 30,178; female 30,410) 65 years and over: 15% (male 5,858; female 7,674) (2003 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | wheat, barley, vegetables, forage crops, sheep, goats, cattle, camels, horses | potatoes, cauliflower, tomatoes; beef, dairy products |
| Airports | 46 (2004 est.) | 1 (2002) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total: 15
over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 11 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 (2004 est.) |
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total: 31
over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 5 1,524 to 2,437 m: 18 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.) |
- |
| Area | total: 1,564,116 sq km | total: 116 sq km
land: 116 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly smaller than Alaska | about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | The Mongols gained fame in the 13th century when under Chinggis KHAN they conquered a huge Eurasian empire. After his death the empire was divided into several powerful Mongol states, but these broke apart in the 14th century. The Mongols eventually retired to their original steppe homelands and later came under Chinese rule. Mongolia won its independence in 1921 with Soviet backing. A Communist regime was installed in 1924. During the early 1990s, the ex-Communist Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) gradually yielded its monopoly on power to the Democratic Union Coalition (DUC), which defeated the MPRP in a national election in 1996. Since then, parliamentary elections returned the MPRP overwhelmingly to power in 2000 and produced a coalition government in 2004. | The island of Jersey and the other Channel Islands represent the last remnants of the medieval Dukedom of Normandy that held sway in both France and England. These islands were the only British soil occupied by German troops in World War II. |
| Birth rate | 21.52 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) | 10.44 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Budget | revenues: $582 million
expenditures: $602 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.) |
revenues: $601 million
expenditures: $588 million, including capital expenditures of $98 million (2000 est.) |
| Capital | Ulaanbaatar | Saint Helier |
| Climate | desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges) | temperate; mild winters and cool summers |
| Coastline | 0 km (landlocked) | 70 km |
| Constitution | 12 February 1992 | unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice |
| Country name | conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Mongolia local long form: none local short form: Mongol Uls former: Outer Mongolia |
conventional long form: Bailiwick of Jersey
conventional short form: Jersey |
| Currency | - | British pound (GBP); note - there is also a Jersey pound |
| Death rate | 7.03 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) | 9.17 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Debt - external | $1.191 billion (2004 est.) | none |
| Dependency status | - | British crown dependency |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | chief of mission: Ambassador Pamela J. SLUTZ
embassy: Micro Region 11, Big Ring Road, C.P.O. 1021, Ulaanbaatar 13 mailing address: PSC 461, Box 300, FPO AP 96521-0002 telephone: [976] (11) 329095 FAX: [976] (11) 320776 |
none (British crown dependency) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission: Ambassador Ravdangiyn BOLD
chancery: 2833 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 333-7117 FAX: [1] (202) 298-9227 consulate(s) general: New York |
none (British crown dependency) |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $215 million (2003) | none |
| Economy - overview | Economic activity in Mongolia has traditionally been based on herding and agriculture. Mongolia has extensive mineral deposits; copper, coal, molybdenum, tin, tungsten and gold account for a large part of industrial production. Soviet assistance, at its height one-third of GDP, disappeared almost overnight in 1990 and 1991 at the time of the dismantlement of the USSR. The following decade saw Mongolia endure both deep recession due to political inaction and natural disasters, as well as economic growth due to reform embracing free-market economics and extensive privatization of the formerly state-run economy. Severe winters and summer droughts in 2000, 2001, and 2002 resulted in massive livestock die-off and zero or negative GDP growth. This was compounded by falling prices for Mongolia's primary sector exports and widespread opposition to privatization. Growth improved from 2002 at 4% to 2003 at 5%, due largely to high copper prices and new gold production, with the government claiming a 10.6% growth rate for 2004 that is unconfirmed. Mongolia's economy continues to be heavily impacted by its neighbors. For example, Mongolia purchases 80% of its petroleum products and a substantial amount of electric power from Russia, leaving it vulnerable to price increases. China is Mongolia's chief export partner and a main source of the "shadow" or "grey" economy. The World Bank and other international financial institutions estimate the grey economy to be at least equal to that of the official economy. The actual size of this grey - largely cash - economy is difficult to calculate since the money does not pass through the hands of tax authorities or the banking sector. Remittances from Mongolians working abroad both legally and illegally constitute a sizeable portion. Money laundering is growing as an accompanying concern. Mongolia settled its $11 billion debt with Russia at the end of 2003 on very favorable terms. Mongolia, which joined the World Trade Organization in 1997, seeks to expand its participation and integration into Asian regional economic and trade regimes. | The economy is based largely on international financial services, agriculture, and tourism. Potatoes, cauliflower, tomatoes, and especially flowers are important export crops, shipped mostly to the UK. The Jersey breed of dairy cattle is known worldwide and represents an important export income earner. Milk products go to the UK and other EU countries. In 1996 the finance sector accounted for about 60% of the island's output. Tourism, another mainstay of the economy, accounts for 24% of GDP. In recent years, the government has encouraged light industry to locate in Jersey, with the result that an electronics industry has developed alongside the traditional manufacturing of knitwear. All raw material and energy requirements are imported, as well as a large share of Jersey's food needs. Light taxes and death duties make the island a popular tax haven. |
| Electricity - consumption | 2.209 billion kWh (2004 est.) | - |
| Electricity - exports | 8.2 million kWh (2004 est.) | - |
| Electricity - imports | 130.5 million kWh (2004 est.) | NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by France |
| Electricity - production | 2.692 billion kWh (2004 est.) | - |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Hoh Nuur 518 m
highest point: Nayramadlin Orgil (Huyten Orgil) 4,374 m |
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location 143 m |
| Environment - current issues | limited natural fresh water resources in some areas; the policies of former Communist regimes promoted rapid urbanization and industrial growth that had negative effects on the environment; the burning of soft coal in power plants and the lack of enforcement of environmental laws severely polluted the air in Ulaanbaatar; deforestation, overgrazing, and the converting of virgin land to agricultural production increased soil erosion from wind and rain; desertification and mining activities had a deleterious effect on the environment | NA |
| Environment - international agreements | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
- |
| Ethnic groups | Mongol (mostly Khalkha) 94.9%, Turkic (mostly Kazakh) 5%, other (including Chinese and Russian) 0.1% (2000) | UK and Norman-French descent |
| Exchange rates | togrogs/tugriks per US dollar - 1,185.3 (2004), 1,146.5 (2003), 1,110.3 (2002), 1,097.7 (2001), 1,076.7 (2000) | Jersey pounds per US dollar - 0.6661 (2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998); the Jersey pound is at par with the British pound |
| Executive branch | chief of state: President Nambaryn ENKHBAYAR (since 24 June 2005)
head of government: Prime Minister Tsakhi ELBEGDORJ (since 20 August 2004); Deputy Prime Minister Chultem ULAAN (since 28 September 2004) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the State Great Hural (parliament) in consultation with the president elections: presidential candidates nominated by political parties represented in State Great Hural and elected by popular vote for a four-year term; presidential tenure limited to two four-year terms; election last held 22 May 2005 (next to be held in May 2009); following legislative elections, leader of majority party or majority coalition is usually elected prime minister by State Great Hural election results: Nambaryn ENKHBAYAR elected president; percent of vote - Nambaryn ENKHBAYAR (MPRP) 53.44%, Mendsaikhanin ENKHSAIKHAN (DP) 20.05%, Bazarsadyn JARGALSAIKHAN (MRP) 13.92%, Badarchyn ERDENEBAT (M-MNSDP) 12.59%; Tsakhi ELBEGDORJ elected prime minister by the State Great Hural 74 to 0 |
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952)
head of government: Lieutenant Governor and Commander in Chief Air Chief Marshall Sir John CHESHIRE (since 24 January 2001) and Bailiff Philip Martin BAILHACHE (since NA February 1995) cabinet: committees appointed by the Assembly of the States elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; lieutenant governor and bailiff appointed by the monarch |
| Exports | 497 bbl/day (2004 est.) | $NA |
| Exports - commodities | copper, apparel, livestock, animal products, cashmere, wool, hides, fluorspar, other nonferrous metals | light industrial and electrical goods, foodstuffs, textiles |
| Exports - partners | China 47.8%, US 17.9%, UK 15.7% (2004) | UK |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | 1 April - 31 March |
| Flag description | three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), blue, and red; centered on the hoist-side red band in yellow is the national emblem ("soyombo" - a columnar arrangement of abstract and geometric representation for fire, sun, moon, earth, water, and the yin-yang symbol) | white with a diagonal red cross extending to the corners of the flag and in the upper quadrant, surmounted by a yellow crown, a red shield holding the three lions of England in yellow |
| GDP | - | purchasing power parity - $2.2 billion (1999 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: 20.6%
industry: 21.4% services: 58% (2003 est.) |
agriculture: 5%
industry: 2% services: 93% (1996) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $1,900 (2004 est.) | purchasing power parity - $24,800 (1999 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 10.6% according to official estimate (2004 est.) | NA% |
| Geographic coordinates | 46 00 N, 105 00 E | 49 15 N, 2 10 W |
| Geography - note | landlocked; strategic location between China and Russia | largest and southernmost of Channel Islands; about 30% of population concentrated in Saint Helier |
| Heliports | 2 (2004 est.) | - |
| Highways | total: 49,256 km
paved: 8,874 km unpaved: 40,376 km (2002) |
total: 577 km
paved: NA km unpaved: NA km |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: 2.1%
highest 10%: 37% (1995) |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | 11,000 bbl/day (2004 est.) | $NA |
| Imports - commodities | machinery and equipment, fuel, cars, food products, industrial consumer goods, chemicals, building materials, sugar, tea | machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, foodstuffs, mineral fuels, chemicals |
| Imports - partners | Russia 33.3%, China 23.6%, Japan 7.4%, South Korea 6%, US 4.6% (2004) | UK |
| Independence | 11 July 1921 (from China) | none (British crown dependency) |
| Industrial production growth rate | 4.1% (2002 est.) | NA% |
| Industries | construction and construction materials; mining (coal, copper, molybdenum, fluorspar, and gold); oil; food and beverages; processing of animal products, cashmere and natural fiber manufacturing | tourism, banking and finance, dairy |
| Infant mortality rate | total: 53.79 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 57.25 deaths/1,000 live births female: 50.16 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.) |
total: 5.43 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.8 deaths/1,000 live births female: 5.03 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 11% (2004 est.) | 4.7% (1998) |
| International organization participation | ARF, AsDB, CP, EBRD, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OPCW, OSCE (partner), SCO (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO | - |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | - | NA |
| Irrigated land | 840 sq km (1998 est.) | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court (serves as appeals court for people's and provincial courts but rarely overturns verdicts of lower courts; judges are nominated by the General Council of Courts and approved by the president) | Royal Court (judges elected by an electoral college and the bailiff) |
| Labor force | 1.488 million (2003) | 57,050 (1996) |
| Labor force - by occupation | herding/agriculture 42%, mining 4%, manufacturing 6%, trade 14%, services 29%, public sector 5%, other 3.7% (2003) | - |
| Land boundaries | total: 8,220 km
border countries: China 4,677 km, Russia 3,543 km |
0 km |
| Land use | arable land: 0.77%
permanent crops: 0% other: 99.23% (2001) |
arable land: NEGL%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | Khalkha Mongol 90%, Turkic, Russian (1999) | English (official), French (official), Norman-French dialect spoken in country districts |
| Legal system | blend of Soviet, German, and US systems that combine "continental" or "civil" code and case-precedent; constitution ambiguous on judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction | English law and local statute; justice is administered by the Royal Court |
| Legislative branch | unicameral State Great Hural 76 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms
elections: last held 27 June 2004 (next to be held in June 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - MPRP 48.78%, MDC 44.8%, independents 3.5%, Republican Party 1.5%, others 1.42%; seats by party - MPRP 36, MDC 34, others 4; note - following June 2004 election, two seats in dispute and unoccupied |
unicameral Assembly of the States (55 voting members - 12 senators (elected for 6-year terms), 12 constables or heads of parishes (elected for 3-year terms), 29 deputies (elected for 3-year terms); the bailiff and the deputy bailiff; and 3 non-voting members - the Dean of Jersey, the Attorney General, and the Solicitor General all appointed by the monarch)
elections: last held NA (next to be held NA) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 52 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 64.52 years
male: 62.3 years female: 66.86 years (2005 est.) |
total population: 78.93 years
male: 76.48 years female: 81.57 years (2003 est.) |
| Literacy | definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 97.8% male: 98% female: 97.5% (2002) |
definition: NA
total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA% |
| Location | Northern Asia, between China and Russia | Western Europe, island in the English Channel, northwest of France |
| Map references | Asia | Europe |
| Maritime claims | none (landlocked) | exclusive fishing zone: 12 NM
territorial sea: 3 NM |
| Merchant marine | total: 65 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 339,423 GRT/533,853 DWT
by type: bulk carrier 6, cargo 54, liquefied gas 2, passenger/cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 1 foreign-owned: 38 (China 2, Lebanon 1, Philippines 1, Russia 10, Singapore 10, South Korea 1, Syria 1, Thailand 1, Ukraine 1, UAE 4, Vietnam 6) (2005) |
none (2002 est.) |
| Military - note | - | defense is the responsibility of the UK |
| Military branches | Mongolian Armed Forces: Mongolian People's Army (MPA), Mongolian People's Air Force (MPAF) (2005) | - |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $23.1 million (FY02) | - |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | 2.2% (FY02) | - |
| National holiday | Independence Day/Revolution Day, 11 July (1921) | Liberation Day, 9 May (1945) |
| Nationality | noun: Mongolian(s)
adjective: Mongolian |
noun: Channel Islander(s)
adjective: Channel Islander |
| Natural hazards | dust storms, grassland and forest fires, drought, and "zud," which is harsh winter conditions | NA |
| Natural resources | oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, fluorspar, gold, silver, iron | arable land |
| Net migration rate | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) | 2.77 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | Citizens' Will Republican Party or CWRP (also called Civil Courage Republican Party or CCRP) [Sanjaasurengiin OYUN]; Democratic Party or DP [R. GONCHIKDORJ]; Motherland-Mongolian New Socialist Democratic Party or M-MNSDP [Badarchyn ERDENEBAT]; Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party or MPRP [Nambaryn ENKHBAYAR]; Mongolian Republican Party or MRP [Bazarsadyn JARGALSAIKHAN]
note: DP and M-MNSDP formed Motherland-Democracy Coalition (MDC) in 2003 and with CWRP contested June 2004 elections as single party; MDC's leadership dissolved coalition in December 2004 |
none; all independents |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | NA | none |
| Population | 2,791,272 (July 2005 est.) | 90,156 (July 2003 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | 36.1% (2004 est.) | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 1.45% (2005 est.) | 0.4% (2003 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | - | Gorey, Saint Aubin, Saint Helier |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 7, FM 62, shortwave 3 (2004) | AM NA, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Railways | total: 1,810 km
broad gauge: 1,810 km 1.524-m gauge (2004) |
0 km |
| Religions | Buddhist Lamaist 50%, none 40%, Shamanist and Christian 6%, Muslim 4% (2004) | Anglican, Roman Catholic, Baptist, Congregational New Church, Methodist, Presbyterian |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.) |
at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2003 est.) |
| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal | NA years of age; universal adult |
| Telephone system | general assessment: network is improving with international direct dialing available in many areas
domestic: very low density of about 6.5 telephones for each thousand persons; two wireless providers cover all but two provinces international: country code - 976; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean Region) |
general assessment: NA
domestic: NA international: 3 submarine cables |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 142,300 (2004) | 65,500 (1997) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 404,400 (2004) | 4,400 (1997) |
| Television broadcast stations | 52 (plus 21 provincial repeaters and many low power repeaters) (2004) | 2 (1997) |
| Terrain | vast semidesert and desert plains, grassy steppe, mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central | gently rolling plain with low, rugged hills along north coast |
| Total fertility rate | 2.26 children born/woman (2005 est.) | 1.57 children born/woman (2003 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 6.7% (2003) | 0.7% (1998 est.) |
| Waterways | 580 km
note: only waterway in operation is Lake Khovsgol (135 km); Selenge River (270 km) and Orkhon River (175 km) are navigable but carry little traffic; lakes and rivers freeze in winter, are open from May to September (2004) |
none |
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