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Compare Monaco (2001) - Cambodia (2004)
Compare Monaco (2001) z Cambodia (2004)
| Monaco (2001) | Cambodia (2004) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | none; there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are four quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo | 20 provinces (khaitt, singular and plural) and 4 municipalities (krong, singular and plural)
provinces: Banteay Mean Chey, Batdambang, Kampong Cham, Kampong Chhnang, Kampong Spoe, Kampong Thum, Kampot, Kandal, Koh Kong, Kracheh, Mondol Kiri, Otdar Mean Chey, Pouthisat, Preah Vihear, Prey Veng, Rotanakir, Siem Reab, Stoeng Treng, Svay Rieng, Takao municipalities: Keb, Pailin, Phnom Penh, Preah Sihanouk (formerly Kompong Som) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
15.32% (male 2,503; female 2,375) 15-64 years: 62.23% (male 9,731; female 10,083) 65 years and over: 22.45% (male 2,921; female 4,229) (2001 est.) |
0-14 years: 38.3% (male 2,583,606; female 2,534,460)
15-64 years: 58.6% (male 3,742,178; female 4,095,303) 65 years and over: 3.1% (male 149,466; female 258,408) (2004 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | none | rice, rubber, corn, vegetables, cashews, tapioca |
| Airports | linked to airport in Nice, France, by helicopter service | 20 (2003 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | - | total: 6
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | - | total: 14
1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 11 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
| Area | total:
1.95 sq km land: 1.95 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 181,040 sq km
land: 176,520 sq km water: 4,520 sq km |
| Area - comparative | about three times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC | slightly smaller than Oklahoma |
| Background | Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, splendid scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world famous as a tourist and recreation center. | Most Cambodians consider themselves to be Khmers, whose Angkor Empire extended over much of Southeast Asia and reached its zenith between the 10th and 13th centuries. Subsequently, attacks by the Thai and Cham (from present-day Vietnam) weakened the empire ushering in a long period of decline. In 1863, the king of Cambodia placed the country under French protection; it became part of French Indochina in 1887. Following Japanese occupation in World War II, Cambodia became independent within the French Union in 1949 and fully independent in 1953. After a five-year struggle, Communist Khmer Rouge forces captured Phnom Penh in April 1975 and ordered the evacuation of all cities and towns; at least 1.5 million Cambodians died from execution, enforced hardships, or starvation during the Khmer Rouge regime under POL POT. A December 1978 Vietnamese invasion drove the Khmer Rouge into the countryside, led to a 10-year Vietnamese occupation, and touched off almost 13 years of civil war. The 1991 Paris Peace Accords mandated democratic elections and a ceasefire, which was not fully respected by the Khmer Rouge. UN-sponsored elections in 1993 helped restore some semblance of normalcy and the final elements of the Khmer Rouge surrendered in early 1999. Factional fighting in 1997 ended the first coalition government, but a second round of national elections in 1998 led to the formation of another coalition government and renewed political stability. The July 2003 elections were relatively peaceful, but it took one year of negotiations between contending political parties before a coalition government was formed. Nation-wide local elections are scheduled for 2007 and national elections for 2008. |
| Birth rate | 9.74 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 27.13 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Budget | revenues:
$518 million expenditures: $531 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1995) |
revenues: $476.5 million
expenditures: $734.8 million, including capital expenditures of $291 million of which 75% was financed by external assistance (2003 est.) |
| Capital | Monaco | Phnom Penh |
| Climate | Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers | tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation |
| Coastline | 4.1 km | 443 km |
| Constitution | 17 December 1962 | promulgated 21 September 1993 |
| Country name | conventional long form:
Principality of Monaco conventional short form: Monaco local long form: Principaute de Monaco local short form: Monaco |
conventional long form: Kingdom of Cambodia
conventional short form: Cambodia local long form: Preahreacheanacha Kampuchea (phonetic pronunciation) local short form: Kampuchea former: Kingdom of Cambodia, Khmer Republic, Democratic Kampuchea, People's Republic of Kampuchea, State of Cambodia |
| Currency | French franc (FRF); euro (EUR) | riel (KHR) |
| Death rate | 13 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 9.1 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Debt - external | $NA | $2.4 billion (2002 est.) |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | the US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France) is accredited to Monaco | chief of mission: Ambassador Charles Aaron RAY
embassy: 27 EO Street 240, Phnom Penh mailing address: Box P, APO AP 96546 telephone: [855] (23) 216-436/438 FAX: [855] (23) 216-437/811 |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | Monaco does not have an embassy in the US
consulate(s) general: New York |
chief of mission: Ambassador EK SEREYWATH
chancery: 4530 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011 telephone: [1] (202) 726-7742 FAX: [1] (202) 726-8381 |
| Disputes - international | none | land boundary disputes persist among Cambodian claims that Thailand and Vietnam moved or destroyed boundary markers; maritime boundary with Vietnam is hampered by dispute over offshore islands; Cambodia periodically accuses Thailand of obstructing access to Preah Vihear temple ruins awarded to Cambodia by ICJ decision in 1962; 2003 anti-Thai riots in Phnom Penh resulted in the destruction of the Thai Embassy, damage to 17 Thai-owned businesses, and disputes over full payment of compensation |
| Economic aid - recipient | $NA | $548 million pledged in grants and concessional loans for 2001 by international donors (actual disbursement in 2002 was about $500 million) |
| Economy - overview | Monaco, situated on the French Mediterranean coast, is a popular resort, attracting tourists to its casino and pleasant climate. The Principality has successfully sought to diversify into services and small, high-value-added, nonpolluting industries. The state has no income tax and low business taxes and thrives as a tax haven both for individuals who have established residence and for foreign companies that have set up businesses and offices. The state retains monopolies in a number of sectors, including tobacco, the telephone network, and the postal service. Living standards are high, roughly comparable to those in prosperous French metropolitan areas. Monaco does not publish national income figures; the estimates below are extremely rough. | Cambodia's economy slowed dramatically in 1997-1998 due to the regional economic crisis, civil violence, and political infighting. Foreign investment and tourism fell off. In 1999, the first full year of peace in 30 years, progress was made on economic reforms. Growth resumed and has remained about 5.0% during 2000-2003. Tourism was Cambodia's fastest growing industry, with arrivals up 34% in 2000 and up another 40% in 2001 before the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks in the US. Cambodia expects 1 million foreign tourists in 2004. Economic growth has been largely driven by expansion in the clothing sector and tourism. Clothing exports were fostered by the U.S.-Cambodian Bilateral Textile Agreement signed in 1999. Even given Cambodia's recent growth, the long-term development of the economy after decades of war remains a daunting challenge. The population lacks education and productive skills, particularly in the poverty-ridden countryside, which suffers from an almost total lack of basic infrastructure. Fear of renewed political instability and a dysfunctional legal system coupled with government corruption discourage foreign investment. The Cambodian government continues to work with bilateral and multilateral donors to address the country's many pressing needs. The major economic challenge for Cambodia over the next decade will be fashioning an economic environment in which the private sector can create enough jobs to handle Cambodia's demographic imbalance. About 60% of the population is 20 years or younger; most of these citizens will seek to enter the workforce over the course of the next 10 years. |
| Electricity - consumption | NA kWh | 110.6 million kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - exports | - | 0 kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - imports | NA kWh
note: electricity supplied by France (1999) |
0 kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - production | - | 119 million kWh (2001) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Mont Agel 140 m |
lowest point: Gulf of Thailand 0 m
highest point: Phnum Aoral 1,810 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | illegal logging activities throughout the country and strip mining for gems in the western region along the border with Thailand have resulted in habitat loss and declining biodiversity (in particular, destruction of mangrove swamps threatens natural fisheries); soil erosion; in rural areas, most of the population does not have access to potable water; declining fish stocks because of illegal fishing and overfishing |
| Environment - international agreements | party to:
Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol |
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea |
| Ethnic groups | French 47%, Monegasque 16%, Italian 16%, other 21% | Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Chinese 1%, other 4% |
| Exchange rates | euros per US dollar - 1.0659 (January 2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997), 5.1155 (1996) | riels per US dollar - 3,973.33 (2003), 3,912.08 (2002), 3,916.33 (2001), 3,840.75 (2000), 3,807.83 (1999) |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
Prince RAINIER III (since 9 May 1949); Heir Apparent Prince ALBERT Alexandre Louis Pierre, son of the monarch (born 14 March 1958) head of government: Minister of State Patrick LECLERQUE (since 5 January 2000) cabinet: Council of Government is under the authority of the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government |
chief of state: King Norodom SIHAMONI (since 29 October 2004)
head of government: Prime Minister HUN SEN (since 14 January 1985) and Deputy Prime Ministers SAR KHENG (since 3 February 1992), Norodom SIRIVUDH, SOK AN, LU LAY SRENG, TEA BANH, HOR NAMHONG, NHEK BUNCHHAY (since 16 July 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers in theory appointed by the monarch; in practice named by the prime minister elections: none; the monarch is chosen by a Royal Throne Council; following legislative elections, a member of the majority party or majority coalition is named prime minister by the Chairman of the National Assembly and appointed by the king |
| Exports | $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France | NA (2001) |
| Exports - commodities | - | Clothing, timber, rubber, rice, fish, tobacco, footwear |
| Exports - partners | - | US 58.4%, Germany 10.3%, UK 7.2% (2003) |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | calendar year |
| Flag description | two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red | three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double width), and blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat outlined in black in the center of the red band; only national flag to incorporate a building in its design |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $870 million (1999 est.) | purchasing power parity - $25.02 billion (2003 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
NA% industry: NA% services: NA% |
agriculture: 35%
industry: 30% services: 35% (2003 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $27,000 (1999 est.) | purchasing power parity - $1,900 (2003 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | NA% | 5% (2003 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 43 44 N, 7 24 E | 13 00 N, 105 00 E |
| Geography - note | second smallest independent state in the world (after Holy See); almost entirely urban | a land of paddies and forests dominated by the Mekong River and Tonle Sap |
| Heliports | 1 (shuttle service between the international airport at Nice, France, and Monaco's heliport at Fontvieille) | 2 (2003 est.) |
| Highways | total:
50 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 0 km (2001) |
total: 12,323 km
paved: 1,996 km unpaved: 10,327 km (2000 est) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%: 2.9%
highest 10%: 33.8% (1997) |
| Illicit drugs | - | narcotics-related corruption reportedly involving some in the government, military, and police; possible small-scale opium, heroin, and amphetamine production; large producer of cannabis for the international market; vulnerable to money laundering due to its cash-based economy and porous borders |
| Imports | $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France | NA (2001) |
| Imports - commodities | - | petroleum products, cigarettes, gold, construction materials, machinery, motor vehicles, pharmaceutical products |
| Imports - partners | - | Thailand 26.4%, Hong Kong 14.4%, Singapore 11.8%, China 11.3%, Vietnam 8.3%, Taiwan 8%, South Korea 4.1% (2003) |
| Independence | 1419 (beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi) | 9 November 1953 (from France) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | 22% (2002 est.) |
| Industries | tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products | tourism, garments, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles |
| Infant mortality rate | 5.83 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) | total: 73.67 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 82.51 deaths/1,000 live births female: 64.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | NA% | 1.7% (2003 est.) |
| International organization participation | ACCT, ECE, IAEA, ICAO, ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO | ACCT, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW (signatory), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 2 (2000) | - |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | 2,700 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court or Tribunal Supreme (judges appointed by the monarch on the basis of nominations by the National Council) | Supreme Council of the Magistracy (provided for in the constitution and formed in December 1997); Supreme Court (and lower courts) exercises judicial authority |
| Labor force | 30,540 (January 1994) | 7 million (2003 est.) |
| Labor force - by occupation | - | agriculture 75% (2003 est.) |
| Land boundaries | total:
4.4 km border countries: France 4.4 km |
total: 2,572 km
border countries: Laos 541 km, Thailand 803 km, Vietnam 1,228 km |
| Land use | arable land:
0% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 100% (urban area) |
arable land: 20.96%
permanent crops: 0.61% other: 78.43% (2001) |
| Languages | French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque | Khmer (official) 95%, French, English |
| Legal system | based on French law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction | primarily a civil law mixture of French-influenced codes from the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) period, royal decrees, and acts of the legislature, with influences of customary law and remnants of communist legal theory; increasing influence of common law in recent years |
| Legislative branch | unicameral National Council or Conseil National (18 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 1 and 8 February 1998 (next to be held NA January 2003) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UND 18 |
bicameral consists of the National Assembly (123 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the Senate (61 seats; two members appointed by the monarch, two elected by the National Assembly, and 57 elected by "functional constituencies"; members serve five-year terms)
elections: National Assembly - last held 27 July 2003 (next to be held in July 2008); Senate - last held 2 March 1999 (scheduled to be held in 2004 but delayed) election results: National Assembly - percent of vote by party - CPP 47%, SRP 22%, FUNCINPEC 21%, other 10%; seats by party - CPP 73, FUNCINPEC 26, SRP 24; Senate - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - CPP 31, FUNCINPEC 21, SRP 7, other 2 (July 2003) |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
78.98 years male: 75.04 years female: 83.12 years (2001 est.) |
total population: 58.41 years
male: 55.71 years female: 61.23 years (2004 est.) |
| Literacy | definition:
NA total population: 99% male: NA% female: NA% |
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 69.4% male: 80.8% female: 59.3% (2002) |
| Location | Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy | Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos |
| Map references | Europe | Southeast Asia |
| Maritime claims | territorial sea:
12 NM |
territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm |
| Merchant marine | none (2000 est.) | total: 467 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,913,910 GRT/2,713,967 DWT
by type: bulk 42, cargo 360, chemical tanker 6, combination bulk 3, container 13, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 4, multi-functional large load carrier 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 16, refrigerated cargo 13, roll on/roll off 5, short-sea/passenger 2 foreign-owned: Algeria 2, Angola 1, Aruba 1, Bahamas 1, Belize 10, British Virgin Islands 7, Bulgaria 1, Canada 4, China 35, Cyprus 14, Egypt 8, Finland 1, France 1, Georgia 1, Germany 1, Gibraltar 1, Greece 9, Honduras 8, Hong Kong 12, Indonesia 2, Iran 1, Italy 2, Japan 1, Jordan 1, North Korea 2, South Korea 31, Lebanon 2, Liberia 7, Malaysia 1, Malta 2, Marshall Islands 11, Netherlands 2, Nigeria 2, Norway 1, Panama 8, Romania 1, Russia 81, Saint Kitts and Nevis 2, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 5, Samoa 2, Singapore 7, Spain 1, Syria 19, Taiwan 1, Turkey 11 registered in other countries: 19 (2004 est.) |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of France | - |
| Military branches | - | Royal Cambodian Armed Forces: Army, Navy, Air Force |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | - | $112 million (FY01 est.) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | - | 3% (FY01 est.) |
| Military manpower - availability | - | males age 15-49: 3,402,703 (2004 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | - | males age 15-49: 1,899,710 (2004 est.) |
| Military manpower - reaching military age annually | - | males: 170,072 (2004 est.) |
| National holiday | National Day (Prince of Monaco Holiday), 19 November | Independence Day, 9 November (1953) |
| Nationality | noun:
Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s) adjective: Monegasque or Monacan |
noun: Cambodian(s)
adjective: Cambodian |
| Natural hazards | NA | monsoonal rains (June to November); flooding; occasional droughts |
| Natural resources | none | oil and gas, timber, gemstones, some iron ore, manganese, phosphates, hydropower potential |
| Net migration rate | 7.85 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | National and Democratic Union or UND [leader NA]; National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM [leader NA]; Rally for the Monegasque Family [leader NA] | Cambodian Pracheachon Party (Cambodian People's Party) or CPP [CHEA SIM]; National United Front for an Independent, Neutral, Peaceful, and Cooperative Cambodia or FUNCINPEC [Prince NORODOM Ranariddh]; Sam Rangsi Party or SRP [SAM RANGSI] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | NA | NA |
| Population | 31,842 (July 2001 est.) | 13,363,421
note: estimates for this country take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | 36% (1997 est.) |
| Population growth rate | 0.46% (2001 est.) | 1.8% (2004 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Monaco | Kampong Som (Sihanoukville), Kampot, Krong Kaoh Kong, Phnom Penh, Sre Ambol, Keo Phoh Port (privately owned) (2003) |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM NA, shortwave 8 (1998) | AM 2, FM 17, (2003) |
| Radios | 34,000 (1997) | - |
| Railways | total:
1.7 km standard gauge: 1.7 km 1.435-m gauge |
total: 602 km
narrow gauge: 602 km 1.000-m gauge (2003) |
| Religions | Roman Catholic 90% | Theravada Buddhist 95%, other 5% |
| Sex ratio | at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.91 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.58 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2004 est.) |
| Suffrage | 21 years of age; universal | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
modern automatic telephone system domestic: NA international: no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system |
general assessment: adequate landline and/or cellular service in Phnom Penh and other provincial cities; mobile phone coverage is rapidly expanding in rural areas
domestic: NA international: country code - 855; adequate but expensive landline and cellular service available to all countries from Phnom Penh and major provincial cities; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 31,027 (1995) | 35,400 (2002) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | NA | 380,000 (2002) |
| Television broadcast stations | 5 (1998) | 7 (2003) |
| Terrain | hilly, rugged, rocky | mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north |
| Total fertility rate | 1.76 children born/woman (2001 est.) | 3.51 children born/woman (2004 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 3.1% (1998) | 2.5% (2000 est.) |
| Waterways | none | 2,400 km (mainly on Mekong River) (2004) |
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