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Compare Mauritius (2005) - Mali (2001)

Compare Mauritius (2005) z Mali (2001)

 Mauritius (2005)Mali (2001)
 MauritiusMali
Administrative divisions 9 districts and 3 dependencies*; Agalega Islands*, Black River, Cargados Carajos Shoals*, Flacq, Grand Port, Moka, Pamplemousses, Plaines Wilhems, Port Louis, Riviere du Rempart, Rodrigues*, Savanne 8 regions (regions, singular - region); Gao, Kayes, Kidal, Koulikoro, Mopti, Segou, Sikasso, Tombouctou
Age structure 0-14 years: 24.4% (male 151,043/female 148,847)


15-64 years: 69.1% (male 424,472/female 425,974)


65 years and over: 6.5% (male 31,506/female 48,760) (2005 est.)
0-14 years:
47.2% (male 2,612,215; female 2,583,370)

15-64 years:
49.73% (male 2,610,142; female 2,864,127)

65 years and over:
3.07% (male 158,486; female 180,178) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products sugarcane, tea, corn, potatoes, bananas, pulses; cattle, goats; fish cotton, millet, rice, corn, vegetables, peanuts; cattle, sheep, goats
Airports 6 (2004 est.) 27 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


over 3,047 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
total:
7

2,438 to 3,047 m:
4

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
2 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 4


914 to 1,523 m: 2


under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
total:
20

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
7

under 914 m:
9 (2000 est.)
Area total: 2,040 sq km


land: 2,030 sq km


water: 10 sq km


note: includes Agalega Islands, Cargados Carajos Shoals (Saint Brandon), and Rodrigues
total:
1.24 million sq km

land:
1.22 million sq km

water:
20,000 sq km
Area - comparative almost 11 times the size of Washington, DC slightly less than twice the size of Texas
Background Discovered by the Portuguese in 1505, Mauritius was subsequently held by the Dutch, French, and British before independence was attained in 1968. A stable democracy with regular free elections and a positive human rights record, the country has attracted considerable foreign investment and has earned one of Africa's highest per capita incomes. Recent poor weather and declining sugar prices have slowed economic growth, leading to some protests over standards of living in the Creole community. The Sudanese Republic and Senegal became independent of France in 1960 as the Mali Federation. When Senegal withdrew after only a few months, the Sudanese Republic was renamed Mali. Rule by dictatorship was brought to a close in 1991 with a transitional government, and in 1992 when Mali's first democratic presidential election was held. Since his reelection in 1997, President KONARE has continued to push through political and economic reforms and to fight corruption. In 1999 he indicated he would not run for a third term.
Birth rate 15.62 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) 48.79 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $1.231 billion


expenditures: $1.582 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
revenues:
$730 million

expenditures:
$770 million, including capital expenditures of $320 million (1997 est.)
Capital Port Louis Bamako
Climate tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May) subtropical to arid; hot and dry February to June; rainy, humid, and mild June to November; cool and dry November to February
Coastline 177 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution 12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992 adopted 12 January 1992
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Mauritius


conventional short form: Mauritius
conventional long form:
Republic of Mali

conventional short form:
Mali

local long form:
Republique de Mali

local short form:
Mali

former:
French Sudan and Sudanese Republic
Currency - Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Death rate 6.83 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) 18.71 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $1.78 billion (2004 est.) $3 billion (1999)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador John PRICE


embassy: 4th Floor, Rogers House, John Kennedy Street, Port Louis


mailing address: international mail: P. O. Box 544, Port Louis; US mail: American Embassy, Port Louis, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2450


telephone: [230] 202-4400


FAX: [230] 208-9534
chief of mission:
Ambassador Michael RANNEBERGER

embassy:
Rue Rochester NY and Rue Mohamed V, Bamako

mailing address:
B. P. 34, Bamako

telephone:
[223] 22 54 70

FAX:
[223] 22 37 12
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Usha JEETAH


chancery: 4301 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 441, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 244-1491, 1492


FAX: [1] (202) 966-0983
chief of mission:
Ambassador Cheick Oumar DIARRAH

chancery:
2130 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 332-2249, 939-8950

FAX:
[1] (202) 332-6603
Disputes - international Mauritius claims the Chagos Archipelago (UK-administered British Indian Ocean Territory), and its former inhabitants, who reside chiefly in Mauritius, were granted UK citizenship but no right to patriation in the UK; claims French-administered Tromelin Island none
Economic aid - recipient $42 million (1997) $596.4 million (1995)
Economy - overview Since independence in 1968, Mauritius has developed from a low-income, agriculturally based economy to a middle-income diversified economy with growing industrial, financial, and tourist sectors. For most of the period, annual growth has been in the order of 5% to 6%. This remarkable achievement has been reflected in more equitable income distribution, increased life expectancy, lowered infant mortality, and a much-improved infrastructure. Sugarcane is grown on about 90% of the cultivated land area and accounts for 25% of export earnings. The government's development strategy centers on expanding local financial institutions and building a domestic information telecommunications industry. Mauritius has attracted more than 9,000 offshore entities, many aimed at commerce in India and South Africa, and investment in the banking sector alone has reached over $1 billion. Mauritius, with its strong textile sector, has been well poised to take advantage of the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA). Mali is among the poorest countries in the world, with 65% of its land area desert or semidesert. Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area irrigated by the Niger. About 10% of the population is nomadic and some 80% of the labor force is engaged in farming and fishing. Industrial activity is concentrated on processing farm commodities. Mali is heavily dependent on foreign aid and vulnerable to fluctuations in world prices for cotton, its main export. In 1997, the government continued its successful implementation of an IMF-recommended structural adjustment program that is helping the economy grow, diversify, and attract foreign investment. Mali's adherence to economic reform and the 50% devaluation of the African franc in January 1994 have pushed up economic growth to a sturdy 5% average in 1996-2000. Growth should remain around 5% in 2001-02, and inflation should stay less than 2%.
Electricity - consumption 1.707 billion kWh (2002) 413.9 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2002) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2002) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 1.836 billion kWh (2002) 445 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
44.94%

hydro:
55.06%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mont Piton 828 m
lowest point:
Senegal River 23 m

highest point:
Hombori Tondo 1,155 m
Environment - current issues water pollution, degradation of coral reefs deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban
Ethnic groups Indo-Mauritian 68%, Creole 27%, Sino-Mauritian 3%, Franco-Mauritian 2% Mande 50% (Bambara, Malinke, Soninke), Peul 17%, Voltaic 12%, Songhai 6%, Tuareg and Moor 10%, other 5%
Exchange rates Mauritian rupees per US dollar - 27.499 (2004), 27.902 (2003), 29.962 (2002), 29.129 (2001), 26.25 (2000) Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 699.21 (January 2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997), 511.55 (1996); note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro
Executive branch chief of state: President Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH (since 7 October 2003) and Vice President Abdool Raouf BUNDHUN (since 25 February 2002)


head of government: Prime Minister Paul BERENGER (since 30 September 2003)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister


elections: president and vice president elected by the National Assembly for five-year terms; election last held 25 February 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president, responsible to the National Assembly


election results: Karl OFFMANN elected president and Raouf BUNDHUN elected vice president; percent of vote by the National Assembly - NA%; note - Karl OFFMANN stepped down on 30 September 2003
chief of state:
President Alpha Oumar KONARE (since 8 June 1992)

head of government:
Prime Minister Mande SIDIBE (since September 2000)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 11 May 1997 (next to be held NA May 2002); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
Alpha Oumar KONARE reelected president; percent of vote - Alpha Oumar KONARE 95.9%, Mamadou DIABY 4.1%
Exports NA $480 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities clothing and textiles, sugar, cut flowers, molasses cotton 50%, gold, livestock (1999 est.)
Exports - partners UK 33.1%, France 20.4%, US 14.8%, Madagascar 5.1%, Italy 4.1% (2004) Italy 18%, Thailand 15%, Germany 7%, Portugal 4% (1999)
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June calendar year
Flag description four equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, yellow, and green three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
GDP - purchasing power parity - $9.1 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 7.6%


industry: 30%


services: 62.4% (2004 est.)
agriculture:
46%

industry:
21%

services:
33% (1998)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $12,800 (2004 est.) purchasing power parity - $850 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 4.7% (2004 est.) 4.8% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 20 17 S, 57 33 E 17 00 N, 4 00 W
Geography - note the main island, from which the country derives its name, is of volcanic origin and is almost entirely surrounded by coral reefs landlocked
Highways total: 2,000 km


paved: 1,960 km (including 60 km of expressways)


unpaved: 40 km (2002)
total:
15,100 km

paved:
1,827 km

unpaved:
13,273 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
lowest 10%:
1.8%

highest 10%:
40.4% (1994)
Illicit drugs minor consumer and transshipment point for heroin from South Asia; small amounts of cannabis produced and consumed locally; significant offshore financial industry creates potential for money laundering, but corruption levels are relatively low and the government appears generally to be committed to regulating its banking industry -
Imports NA $575 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities manufactured goods, capital equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals machinery and equipment, construction materials, petroleum, foodstuffs, textiles
Imports - partners South Africa 11.3%, China 9.4%, India 9.3%, France 9.2%, Bahrain 5.3%, Japan 4.1% (2004) Cote d'Ivoire 19%, France 19%, Senegal 4%, Benelux 3% (1999)
Independence 12 March 1968 (from UK) 22 September 1960 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate 8% (2000 est.) NA
Industries food processing (largely sugar milling), textiles, clothing; chemicals, metal products, transport equipment, nonelectrical machinery; tourism minor local consumer goods production and food processing; construction; phosphate and gold mining
Infant mortality rate total: 15.03 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 17.74 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 12.27 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
121.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 4.5% (2004 est.) 0.8% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, C, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIPONUH, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WAEMU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 200 sq km (2000 est.) 780 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Labor force 560,000 (2004 est.) NA
Labor force - by occupation agriculture and fishing 14%, construction and industry 36%, transportation and communication 7%, trade, restaurants, hotels 16%, finance 3%, other services 24% (1995) agriculture and fishing 80% (1998 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total:
7,243 km

border countries:
Algeria 1,376 km, Burkina Faso 1,000 km, Guinea 858 km, Cote d'Ivoire 532 km, Mauritania 2,237 km, Niger 821 km, Senegal 419 km
Land use arable land: 49.26%


permanent crops: 2.96%


other: 47.78% (2001)
arable land:
2%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
25%

forests and woodland:
6%

other:
67% (1993 est.)
Languages Creole 80.5%, Bhojpuri 12.1%, French 3.4% (official), other 3.7%, unspecified 0.3% (2000 census) French (official), Bambara 80%, numerous African languages
Legal system based on French civil law system with elements of English common law in certain areas based on French civil law system and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court (which was formally established on 9 March 1994); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly (66 seats; 62 elected by popular vote, 4 appointed by the election commission from the losing political parties to give representation to various ethnic minorities; members serve five-year terms)


elections: last held on 11 September 2000 (next to be held September 2005)


election results: percent of vote by party - MSM/MMM 52.3%, MLP/PMSD 36.9%, OPR 10.8%; seats by party - MSM/MMM 54, MLP/PMSD 6, OPR 2
unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (147 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 20 July and 3 August 1997 (next to be held in two rounds in 2002); note - much of the opposition boycotted the election

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - ADEMA 130, PARENA 8, CDS 4, UDD 3, PDP 2
Life expectancy at birth total population: 72.38 years


male: 68.4 years


female: 76.41 years (2005 est.)
total population:
47.02 years

male:
45.84 years

female:
48.24 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 85.6%


male: 88.6%


female: 82.7% (2003 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
31%

male:
39.4%

female:
23.1% (1995 est.)
Location Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar Western Africa, southwest of Algeria
Map references Political Map of the World Africa
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 22,946 GRT/27,102 DWT


by type: bulk carrier 4, passenger/cargo 2, refrigerated cargo 2


foreign-owned: 6 (India 4, Switzerland 2) (2005)
-
Military branches National Police Force (includes the paramilitary Special Mobile Force or SMF and National Coast Guard) Army, Air Force, Gendarmerie, Republican Guard, National Guard, National Police (Surete Nationale)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $12.5 million (2004) $49 million (FY96)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 0.2% (2004) 2% (FY96)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
2,284,632 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
1,309,612 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 12 March (1968) Independence Day, 22 September (1960)
Nationality noun: Mauritian(s)


adjective: Mauritian
noun:
Malian(s)

adjective:
Malian
Natural hazards cyclones (November to April); almost completely surrounded by reefs that may pose maritime hazards hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts
Natural resources arable land, fish gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, hydropower

note:
bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper deposits are known but not exploited
Net migration rate -0.41 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) -0.36 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders Hizbullah [Cehl Mohamed FAKEEMEEAH]; Mauritian Labor Party or MLP [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]; Mauritian Militant Movement or MMM [Paul BERENGER] - in coalition with MSM; Mauritian Social Democrat Party or PMSD [Charles Xavier-Luc DUVAL]; Militant Socialist Movement or MSM [Pravind JUGNAUTH] - governing party; Rodrigues Movement or MR [Joseph (Nicholas) Von MALLY]; Rodrigues Peoples Organization or OPR [Serge CLAIR] Alliance for Democracy or ADEMA [Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA, party chairman]; Block of Alternative for the Renewal of Africa or BARA [Yoro DIAKITE]; Democratic and Social Convention or CDS [Mamadou Bakary SANGARE, chairman]; Movement for the Independence, Renaissance and Integration of Africa or MIRIA [Mohamed Lamine TRAORE, Mouhamedou DICKO]; National Congress for Democratic Initiative or CNID [Mountaga TALL, chairman]; Party for Democracy and Progress or PDP [Me Idrissa TRAORE]; Party for National Renewal or PARENA [Yoro DIAKITE, chairman; Tiebile DRAME, secretary general]; Rally for Democracy and Labor or RDT [Ali GNANGADO]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Almamy SYLLA, chairman]; Sudanese Union/African Democratic Rally or US/RDA [Mamadou Bamou TOURE, secretary general]; Union of Democratic Forces for Progress or UFDP [Youssouf TOURE, secretary general]; Union for Democracy and Development or UDD [Moussa Balla COULIBALY]
Political pressure groups and leaders various labor unions Patriotic Movement of the Ghanda Koye or MPGK; United Movement and Fronts of Azawad or MFUA
Population 1,230,602 (July 2005 est.) 11,008,518 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 10% (2001 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 0.84% (2005 est.) 2.97% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Port Louis Koulikoro
Radio broadcast stations AM 4, FM 9, shortwave 0 (2002) AM 1, FM 14, shortwave 7 (1998)
Radios - 570,000 (1997)
Railways - total:
729 km (linked to Senegal's rail system through Kayes)

narrow gauge:
729 km 1.000-m gauge
Religions Hindu 48%, Roman Catholic 23.6%, other Christian 8.6%, Muslim 16.6%, other 2.5%, unspecified 0.3%, none 0.4% (2000 census) Muslim 90%, indigenous beliefs 9%, Christian 1%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/female


total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.91 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.88 male(s)/female

total population:
0.96 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 21 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: small system with good service


domestic: primarily microwave radio relay trunk system


international: country code - 230; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); new microwave link to Reunion; HF radiotelephone links to several countries; fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC/SAFE) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
general assessment:
domestic system poor but improving; provides only minimal service

domestic:
network consists of microwave radio relay, open wire, and radiotelephone communications stations; expansion of microwave radio relay in progress

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 348,200 (2003) 23,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 462,400 (2003) 2,842 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 2 (plus several repeaters) (1997) 1 (plus two repeaters) (1997)
Terrain small coastal plain rising to discontinuous mountains encircling central plateau mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast
Total fertility rate 1.96 children born/woman (2005 est.) 6.81 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 10.8% (2004 est.) NA%
Waterways - 1,815 km
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