Compare Malawi (2005) - Burundi (2002)

Compare Malawi (2005) z Burundi (2002)

	Malawi (2005)	Burundi (2002)

Administrative divisions	27 districts; Balaka, Blantyre, Chikwawa, Chiradzulu, Chitipa, Dedza, Dowa, Karonga, Kasungu, Likoma, Lilongwe, Machinga (Kasupe), Mangochi, Mchinji, Mulanje, Mwanza, Mzimba, Ntcheu, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Nsanje, Ntchisi, Phalombe, Rumphi, Salima, Thyolo, Zomba	16 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Mwaro, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi
Age structure	0-14 years: 46.9% (male 2,877,568/female 2,823,296) 15-64 years: 50.4% (male 3,041,352/female 3,081,762) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 132,175/female 202,771) (2005 est.)	0-14 years: 46.5% (male 1,497,865; female 1,466,455) 15-64 years: 50.7% (male 1,592,253; female 1,640,254) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 71,915; female 104,260) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	tobacco, sugarcane, cotton, tea, corn, potatoes, cassava (tapioca), sorghum, pulses; groundnuts, Macadamia nuts; cattle, goats	coffee, cotton, tea, corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, manioc (tapioca); beef, milk, hides
Airports	42 (2004 est.)	7 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 6 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2004 est.)	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 36 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 15 under 914 m: 20 (2004 est.)	total: 6 6 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 3 (2002)
Area	total: 118,480 sq km land: 94,080 sq km water: 24,400 sq km	total: 27,830 sq km land: 25,650 sq km water: 2,180 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Pennsylvania	slightly smaller than Maryland
Background	Established in 1891, the British protectorate of Nyasaland became the independent nation of Malawi in 1964. After three decades of one-party rule under President Hastings Kamuzu BANDA the country held multiparty elections in 1994, under a provisional constitution, which came into full effect the following year. Current President Bingu wa MUTHARIKA, elected in May 2004 after the previous president failed to amend the constitution to permit another term, has struggled to assert his authority against his predecessor, who still leads their shared political party. MATHARIKA's anti-corruption efforts have led to several high-level arrests but no convictions. Increasing corruption, population growth, increasing pressure on agricultural lands, and HIV/AIDS pose major problems for the country.	Burundi's first democratically elected president was assassinated in October 1993 after only four months in office. Since then, some 200,000 Burundians have perished in widespread, often intense ethnic violence between Hutu and Tutsi factions. Hundreds of thousands have been internally displaced or have become refugees in neighboring countries. Burundian troops, seeking to secure their borders, intervened in the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1998. More recently, many of these troops have been redeployed back to Burundi to deal with periodic upsurges in rebel activity. A new transitional government, inaugurated on 1 November 2001, was to be the first step towards holding national elections in three years. However, the unwillingness of the Hutu rebels to enact a cease fire with Bujumbura continues to obstruct prospects for a sustainable peace.
Birth rate	43.95 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)	39.87 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $536 million expenditures: $635.6 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)	revenues: $125 million expenditures: $176 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Capital	Lilongwe	Bujumbura
Climate	sub-tropical; rainy season (November to May); dry season (May to November)	equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; wet seasons from February to May and September to November, and dry seasons from June to August and December to January
Coastline	0 km (landlocked)	0 km (landlocked)
Constitution	18 May 1994	13 March 1992; provided for establishment of a plural political system; supplanted on 6 June 1998 by a Transitional Constitution which enlarged the National Assembly and created two vice presidents
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Malawi conventional short form: Malawi former: British Central African Protectorate, Nyasaland Protectorate, Nyasaland	conventional long form: Republic of Burundi conventional short form: Burundi local long form: Republika y'u Burundi local short form: Burundi former: Urundi
Currency	-	Burundi franc (BIF)
Death rate	23.39 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)	16.3 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	$3.129 billion (2004 est.)	$1.12 billion (2001 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires David GILMOUR embassy: Area 40, Plot 24, Kenyatta Road mailing address: P. O. Box 30016, Lilongwe 3, Malawi telephone: [265] (1) 773 166 FAX: [265] (1) 770 471	chief of mission: Ambassador James Howard YELLIN embassy: Avenue des Etats-Unis, Bujumbura mailing address: B. P. 1720, Bujumbura telephone: [257] 223454 FAX: [257] 222926
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Bernard Herbert SANDE chancery: 1156 15th Street, NW, Suite 320, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: [1] (202) 721-0270 FAX: [1] (202) 721-0288	chief of mission: Ambassador Thomas NDIKUMANA chancery: Suite 212, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 342-2574 FAX: [1] (202) 342-2578
Disputes - international	disputes with Tanzania over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and the meandering Songwe River remain dormant	Tutsi, Hutu, and other conflicting ethnic groups, political rebels, and various government forces continue fighting in Great Lakes region, transcending the boundaries of Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda
Economic aid - recipient	$540 million (1999)	$74 million (1999)
Economy - overview	Landlocked Malawi ranks among the world's least developed countries. The economy is predominately agricultural, with about 90% of the population living in rural areas. Agriculture accounted for nearly 40% of GDP and 88% of export revenues in 2001. The performance of the tobacco sector is key to short-term growth as tobacco accounts for over 50% of exports. The economy depends on substantial inflows of economic assistance from the IMF, the World Bank, and individual donor nations. In late 2000, Malawi was approved for relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program. The government faces strong challenges, including developing a market economy, improving educational facilities, facing up to environmental problems, dealing with the rapidly growing problem of HIV/AIDS, and satisfying foreign donors that fiscal discipline is being tightened. In 2005, the anticorruption campaign championed by President MUTHARIKA may help encourage investment and economic growth.	Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. The economy is predominantly agricultural with roughly 90% of the population dependent on subsistence agriculture. Its economic health depends on the coffee crop, which accounts for 80% of foreign exchange earnings. The ability to pay for imports therefore rests largely on the vagaries of the climate and the international coffee market. Since October 1993 the nation has suffered from massive ethnic-based violence which has resulted in the death of more than 200,000 persons and the displacement of about 800,000 others. Only one in four children go to school, and more than one in ten adults has HIV/AIDS. Foods, medicines, and electricity remain in short supply. Doubts regarding the sustainability of peace continue to impede development. A Geneva donors' conference in November 2001 brought $800 million in pledges, and an IMF-staff-monitored program could lead to a further agreement in 2002.
Electricity - consumption	1.012 billion kWh (2002)	166.64 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2002)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2002)	29 million kWh note: supplied by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2000)
Electricity - production	1.088 billion kWh (2002)	148 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 1% hydro: 99% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: junction of the Shire River and international boundary with Mozambique 37 m highest point: Sapitwa (Mount Mlanje) 3,002 m	lowest point: Lake Tanganyika 772 m highest point: Mount Heha 2,670 m
Environment - current issues	deforestation; land degradation; water pollution from agricultural runoff, sewage, industrial wastes; siltation of spawning grounds endangers fish populations	soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands; deforestation (little forested land remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel); habitat loss threatens wildlife populations
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban
Ethnic groups	Chewa, Nyanja, Tumbuka, Yao, Lomwe, Sena, Tonga, Ngoni, Ngonde, Asian, European	Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%, Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000
Exchange rates	Malawian kwachas per US dollar - 108.894 (2004), 97.433 (2003), 76.687 (2002), 72.197 (2001), 59.544 (2000)	Burundi francs per US dollar - 865.14 (January 2002), 830.35 (2001), 720.67 (2000), 563.56 (1999), 477.77 (1998), 352.35 (1997)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Bingu wa MUTHARIKA (since 24 May 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Bingu wa MUTHARIKA (since 24 May 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: 46-member Cabinet named by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 20 May 2004 (next to be held May 2009) election results: Bingu wa MUTHARIKA elected president; percent of vote - Bingu wa MUTHARIKA (UDF) 35.9%, John TEMBO (MCP) 27.1%, Gwandaguluwe CHAKUAMBA (MC) 25.7%, Brown MPINGANJIRA (NDA) 8.7%, Justin MALEWEZI (independent) 2.5%	chief of state: President Pierre BUYOYA (a Tutsi, was sworn in as president of a transition government on 1 November 2001; he is scheduled to hold office for 18 months before transferring power to his vice president, a Hutu); Vice President Domitien NDAYIZEYE (since 1 November 2001) head of government: President Pierre BUYOYA (a Tutsi, was sworn in as president of a transition government on 1 November 2001; he is scheduled to hold office for 18 months before transferring power to his vice president, a Hutu); Vice President Domitien NDAYIZEYE (since 1 November 2001) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by president elections: NA; current president assumed power following a coup on 25 July 1996 in which former President NTIBANTUNGANYA was overthrown
Exports	NA	$24 million f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Exports - commodities	tobacco 60%, tea, sugar, cotton, coffee, peanuts, wood products, apparel	coffee, tea, sugar, cotton, hides
Exports - partners	South Africa 13.5%, US 12%, Germany 11.6%, Egypt 8.4%, UK 6.6%, Mozambique 4.5% (2004)	EU 52.5%, US 11.5%, Kenya 11.5%, Switzerland 4.9% (2000 est.)
Fiscal year	1 July - 30 June	calendar year
Flag description	three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green with a radiant, rising, red sun centered in the black band	divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and outer side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below)
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $3.7 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 54.8% industry: 19.2% services: 26% (2004 est.)	agriculture: 50% industry: 18% services: 32% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $600 (2004 est.)	purchasing power parity - $600 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	4% (2004 est.)	1.4% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates	13 30 S, 34 00 E	3 30 S, 30 00 E
Geography - note	landlocked; Lake Nyasa, some 580 km long, is the country's most prominent physical feature	landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed; the Kagera, which drains into Lake Victoria, is the most remote headstream of the White Nile
Government - note	the executive exerts considerable influence over the legislature	-
Highways	total: 28,400 km paved: 5,254 km unpaved: 23,146 km (1999 est.)	total: 14,480 km paved: 1,028 km unpaved: 13,452 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA	lowest 10%: 3% highest 10%: 27% (1992) (1992)
Imports	NA	$125 million f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Imports - commodities	food, petroleum products, semimanufactures, consumer goods, transportation equipment	capital goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs
Imports - partners	South Africa 37.3%, India 8.1%, Mozambique 7.7%, Zimbabwe 7.2%, Tanzania 4.6%, Germany 4.1% (2004)	EU 37.6%, Tanzania 10.3%, Zambia 4.3%, India 3.4%, China 3.4% (2000 est.)
Independence	6 July 1964 (from UK)	1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)
Industrial production growth rate	1.4% (2004 est.)	6.3% (1999 est.)
Industries	tobacco, tea, sugar, sawmill products, cement, consumer goods	light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing
Infant mortality rate	total: 103.32 deaths/1,000 live births male: 107.44 deaths/1,000 live births female: 99.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)	69.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	12% (2004 est.)	14% (2001 est.)
International organization participation	ACP, AfDB, AU, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, ONUB, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMIL, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC, CEPGL, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	1 (2000)
Irrigated land	280 sq km (1998 est.)	740 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court of Appeal; High Court (chief justice appointed by the president, puisne judges appointed on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission); magistrate's courts	Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Constitutional Court; Courts of Appeal (there are three in separate locations); Tribunals of First Instance (17 at the province level and 123 small local tribunals)
Labor force	4.5 million (2001 est.)	1.9 million
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 90% (2003 est.)	NA
Land boundaries	total: 2,881 km border countries: Mozambique 1,569 km, Tanzania 475 km, Zambia 837 km	total: 974 km border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 233 km, Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km
Land use	arable land: 23.38% permanent crops: 1.49% other: 75.13% (2001)	arable land: 29.98% permanent crops: 12.85% other: 57.17% (1998 est.)
Languages	Chichewa 57.2% (official), Chinyanja 12.8%, Chiyao 10.1%, Chitumbuka 9.5%, Chisena 2.7%, Chilomwe 2.4%, Chitonga 1.7%, other 3.6% (1998 census)	Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)
Legal system	based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Appeal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	based on German and Belgian civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	unicameral National Assembly (193 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 20 May 2004 (next to be held May 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UDF 74, MCP 60, Independents 24, RP 16, others 18, vacancies 1	bicameral, consists of a National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (expanded from 121 to approximately 140 seats under the transitional government inaugurated 1 November 2001; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and a Senate (54 seats; term length is undefined, the current senators will likely serve out the three-year transition period) elections: last held 29 June 1993 (next was scheduled to be held in 1998, but were suspended by presidential decree in 1996; elections are planned to follow the completion of the three-year transitional government) election results: percent of vote by party - FRODEBU 71.04%, UPRONA 21.4%, other 7.56%; seats by party - FRODEBU 65, UPRONA 16, civilians 27, other parties 13
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 41.43 years male: 41.66 years female: 41.2 years (2005 est.)	total population: 45.94 years male: 45.08 years female: 46.83 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 62.7% male: 76.1% female: 49.8% (2003 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 35.3% male: 49.3% female: 22.5% (1995 est.)
Location	Southern Africa, east of Zambia	Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo
Map references	Africa	Africa
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)	none (landlocked)
Military branches	Malawi Armed Forces: Army (includes Air Wing and Naval Detachment), Police (includes Mobile Force Unit)	Army (including naval and air units), Gendarmerie
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$11.1 million (2004)	$36.9 million (FY01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	0.7% (2004)	5.3% (FY01)
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 1,439,032 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 752,584 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age	-	16 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	-	males: 79,360 (2002 est.)
National holiday	Independence Day (Republic Day), 6 July (1964)	Independence Day, 1 July (1962)
Nationality	noun: Malawian(s) adjective: Malawian	noun: Burundian(s) adjective: Burundi
Natural hazards	NA	flooding, landslides, drought
Natural resources	limestone, arable land, hydropower, unexploited deposits of uranium, coal, and bauxite	nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum (not yet exploited), vanadium, arable land, hydropower
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Alliance for Democracy or AFORD [Chakufwa CHIHANA]; Malawi Congress Party or MCP [John TEMBO]; Malawi Democratic Party or MDP [Kampelo KALUA]; Malawi Forum for Unity and Development or MAFUNDE [George MNESA]; Mgwirizano Coalition or MC (coalition of MAFUNDE, MDP, MGODE, NUP, PETRA, PPM, RP) [Gwandaguluwe CHAKUAMBA]; Movement for Genuine Democratic Change or MGODE [Sam Kandodo BANDA]; National Democratic Alliance or NDA [Brown MPINGANJIRA]; National Unity Party or NUP [Harry CHIUME]; New Congress for Democracy or NCD [Hetherwick NTABA]; People's Progressive Movement or PPM [Aleke BANDA]; People's Transformation Movement or PETRA [Kamuzu CHIBAMBO]; Republican Party or RP [Gwandaguluwe CHAKUAMBA]; United Democratic Front or UDF [Bingu wa MUTHARIKA] - governing party	the two national, mainstream, governing parties are: Unity for National Progress or UPRONA [Luc RUKINGAMA, president]; Burundi Democratic Front or FRODEBU [Jean MINANI, president] note: a multiparty system was introduced after 1998, included are: Burundi African Alliance for the Salvation or ABASA [Terrence NSANZE]; Rally for Democracy and Economic and Social Development or RADDES [Joseph NZENZIMANA]; Party for National Redress or PARENA [Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA]; People's Reconciliation Party or PRP [Mathias HITIMANA]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	Loosely organized Hutu and Tutsi militias, often affiliated with Hutu and Tutsi extremist parties or subordinate to government security forces
Population	12,158,924 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)	6,373,002 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	55% (2004 est.)	70% (2001 est.)
Population growth rate	2.06% (2005 est.)	2.36% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	Chipoka, Monkey Bay, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Chilumba	Bujumbura
Radio broadcast stations	AM 9, FM 5 (plus 15 repeater stations), shortwave 2 (plus a third station held in standby status) (2001)	AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2001)
Radios	-	440,000 (2001)
Railways	total: 797 km narrow gauge: 797 km 1.067-m gauge (2004)	0 km
Religions	Christian 79.9%, Muslim 12.8%, other 3%, none 4.3% (1998 census)	Christian 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%), indigenous beliefs 23%, Muslim 10%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.)	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	NA years of age; universal adult
Telephone system	general assessment: NA domestic: system employs open-wire lines, microwave radio relay links, and radiotelephone communications stations international: country code - 265; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)	general assessment: primitive system domestic: sparse system of open wire, radiotelephone communications, and low-capacity microwave radio relay international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	85,000 (2003)	20,000 (2000)
Telephones - mobile cellular	135,100 (2003)	16,300 (2000)
Television broadcast stations	1 (2001)	1 (2001)
Terrain	narrow elongated plateau with rolling plains, rounded hills, some mountains	hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains
Total fertility rate	5.98 children born/woman (2005 est.)	6.07 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	NA (2003 est.)	NA%
Waterways	700 km note: on Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and Shire River (2003)	Lake Tanganyika

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