Malawi (2005)

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Malawi 2005 year


Administrative divisions	27 districts; Balaka, Blantyre, Chikwawa, Chiradzulu, Chitipa, Dedza, Dowa, Karonga, Kasungu, Likoma, Lilongwe, Machinga (Kasupe), Mangochi, Mchinji, Mulanje, Mwanza, Mzimba, Ntcheu, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Nsanje, Ntchisi, Phalombe, Rumphi, Salima, Thyolo, Zomba
Age structure	0-14 years: 46.9% (male 2,877,568/female 2,823,296) 15-64 years: 50.4% (male 3,041,352/female 3,081,762) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 132,175/female 202,771) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products	tobacco, sugarcane, cotton, tea, corn, potatoes, cassava (tapioca), sorghum, pulses; groundnuts, Macadamia nuts; cattle, goats
Airports	42 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 6 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 36 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 15 under 914 m: 20 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 118,480 sq km land: 94,080 sq km water: 24,400 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Pennsylvania
Background	Established in 1891, the British protectorate of Nyasaland became the independent nation of Malawi in 1964. After three decades of one-party rule under President Hastings Kamuzu BANDA the country held multiparty elections in 1994, under a provisional constitution, which came into full effect the following year. Current President Bingu wa MUTHARIKA, elected in May 2004 after the previous president failed to amend the constitution to permit another term, has struggled to assert his authority against his predecessor, who still leads their shared political party. MATHARIKA's anti-corruption efforts have led to several high-level arrests but no convictions. Increasing corruption, population growth, increasing pressure on agricultural lands, and HIV/AIDS pose major problems for the country.
Birth rate	43.95 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget	revenues: $536 million expenditures: $635.6 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Capital	Lilongwe
Climate	sub-tropical; rainy season (November to May); dry season (May to November)
Coastline	0 km (landlocked)
Constitution	18 May 1994
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Malawi conventional short form: Malawi former: British Central African Protectorate, Nyasaland Protectorate, Nyasaland
Death rate	23.39 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external	$3.129 billion (2004 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires David GILMOUR embassy: Area 40, Plot 24, Kenyatta Road mailing address: P. O. Box 30016, Lilongwe 3, Malawi telephone: [265] (1) 773 166 FAX: [265] (1) 770 471
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Bernard Herbert SANDE chancery: 1156 15th Street, NW, Suite 320, Washington, DC 20005 telephone: [1] (202) 721-0270 FAX: [1] (202) 721-0288
Disputes - international	disputes with Tanzania over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and the meandering Songwe River remain dormant
Economic aid - recipient	$540 million (1999)
Economy - overview	Landlocked Malawi ranks among the world's least developed countries. The economy is predominately agricultural, with about 90% of the population living in rural areas. Agriculture accounted for nearly 40% of GDP and 88% of export revenues in 2001. The performance of the tobacco sector is key to short-term growth as tobacco accounts for over 50% of exports. The economy depends on substantial inflows of economic assistance from the IMF, the World Bank, and individual donor nations. In late 2000, Malawi was approved for relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program. The government faces strong challenges, including developing a market economy, improving educational facilities, facing up to environmental problems, dealing with the rapidly growing problem of HIV/AIDS, and satisfying foreign donors that fiscal discipline is being tightened. In 2005, the anticorruption campaign championed by President MUTHARIKA may help encourage investment and economic growth.
Electricity - consumption	1.012 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production	1.088 billion kWh (2002)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: junction of the Shire River and international boundary with Mozambique 37 m highest point: Sapitwa (Mount Mlanje) 3,002 m
Environment - current issues	deforestation; land degradation; water pollution from agricultural runoff, sewage, industrial wastes; siltation of spawning grounds endangers fish populations
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups	Chewa, Nyanja, Tumbuka, Yao, Lomwe, Sena, Tonga, Ngoni, Ngonde, Asian, European
Exchange rates	Malawian kwachas per US dollar - 108.894 (2004), 97.433 (2003), 76.687 (2002), 72.197 (2001), 59.544 (2000)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Bingu wa MUTHARIKA (since 24 May 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Bingu wa MUTHARIKA (since 24 May 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: 46-member Cabinet named by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 20 May 2004 (next to be held May 2009) election results: Bingu wa MUTHARIKA elected president; percent of vote - Bingu wa MUTHARIKA (UDF) 35.9%, John TEMBO (MCP) 27.1%, Gwandaguluwe CHAKUAMBA (MC) 25.7%, Brown MPINGANJIRA (NDA) 8.7%, Justin MALEWEZI (independent) 2.5%
Exports	0 kWh (2002)
Exports	$503.4 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Exports	NA
Exports - commodities	tobacco 60%, tea, sugar, cotton, coffee, peanuts, wood products, apparel
Exports - partners	South Africa 13.5%, US 12%, Germany 11.6%, Egypt 8.4%, UK 6.6%, Mozambique 4.5% (2004)
Fiscal year	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green with a radiant, rising, red sun centered in the black band
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 54.8% industry: 19.2% services: 26% (2004 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $600 (2004 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	4% (2004 est.)
Geographic coordinates	13 30 S, 34 00 E
Geography - note	landlocked; Lake Nyasa, some 580 km long, is the country's most prominent physical feature
Government - note	the executive exerts considerable influence over the legislature
Highways	total: 28,400 km paved: 5,254 km unpaved: 23,146 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Imports	0 kWh (2002)
Imports	$521.1 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)
Imports	NA
Imports - commodities	food, petroleum products, semimanufactures, consumer goods, transportation equipment
Imports - partners	South Africa 37.3%, India 8.1%, Mozambique 7.7%, Zimbabwe 7.2%, Tanzania 4.6%, Germany 4.1% (2004)
Independence	6 July 1964 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate	1.4% (2004 est.)
Industries	tobacco, tea, sugar, sawmill products, cement, consumer goods
Infant mortality rate	total: 103.32 deaths/1,000 live births male: 107.44 deaths/1,000 live births female: 99.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	12% (2004 est.)
International organization participation	ACP, AfDB, AU, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, ONUB, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNMIL, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Irrigated land	280 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court of Appeal; High Court (chief justice appointed by the president, puisne judges appointed on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission); magistrate's courts
Labor force	4.5 million (2001 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 90% (2003 est.)
Land boundaries	total: 2,881 km border countries: Mozambique 1,569 km, Tanzania 475 km, Zambia 837 km
Land use	arable land: 23.38% permanent crops: 1.49% other: 75.13% (2001)
Languages	Chichewa 57.2% (official), Chinyanja 12.8%, Chiyao 10.1%, Chitumbuka 9.5%, Chisena 2.7%, Chilomwe 2.4%, Chitonga 1.7%, other 3.6% (1998 census)
Legal system	based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Appeal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	unicameral National Assembly (193 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 20 May 2004 (next to be held May 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UDF 74, MCP 60, Independents 24, RP 16, others 18, vacancies 1
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 41.43 years male: 41.66 years female: 41.2 years (2005 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 62.7% male: 76.1% female: 49.8% (2003 est.)
Location	Southern Africa, east of Zambia
Map references	Africa
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)
Military branches	Malawi Armed Forces: Army (includes Air Wing and Naval Detachment), Police (includes Mobile Force Unit)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$11.1 million (2004)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	0.7% (2004)
National holiday	Independence Day (Republic Day), 6 July (1964)
Nationality	noun: Malawian(s) adjective: Malawian
Natural hazards	NA
Natural resources	limestone, arable land, hydropower, unexploited deposits of uranium, coal, and bauxite
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Political parties and leaders	Alliance for Democracy or AFORD [Chakufwa CHIHANA]; Malawi Congress Party or MCP [John TEMBO]; Malawi Democratic Party or MDP [Kampelo KALUA]; Malawi Forum for Unity and Development or MAFUNDE [George MNESA]; Mgwirizano Coalition or MC (coalition of MAFUNDE, MDP, MGODE, NUP, PETRA, PPM, RP) [Gwandaguluwe CHAKUAMBA]; Movement for Genuine Democratic Change or MGODE [Sam Kandodo BANDA]; National Democratic Alliance or NDA [Brown MPINGANJIRA]; National Unity Party or NUP [Harry CHIUME]; New Congress for Democracy or NCD [Hetherwick NTABA]; People's Progressive Movement or PPM [Aleke BANDA]; People's Transformation Movement or PETRA [Kamuzu CHIBAMBO]; Republican Party or RP [Gwandaguluwe CHAKUAMBA]; United Democratic Front or UDF [Bingu wa MUTHARIKA] - governing party
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA
Population	12,158,924 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line	55% (2004 est.)
Population growth rate	2.06% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors	Chipoka, Monkey Bay, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Chilumba
Radio broadcast stations	AM 9, FM 5 (plus 15 repeater stations), shortwave 2 (plus a third station held in standby status) (2001)
Railways	total: 797 km narrow gauge: 797 km 1.067-m gauge (2004)
Religions	Christian 79.9%, Muslim 12.8%, other 3%, none 4.3% (1998 census)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: NA domestic: system employs open-wire lines, microwave radio relay links, and radiotelephone communications stations international: country code - 265; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	85,000 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular	135,100 (2003)
Television broadcast stations	1 (2001)
Terrain	narrow elongated plateau with rolling plains, rounded hills, some mountains
Total fertility rate	5.98 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate	NA (2003 est.)
Waterways	700 km note: on Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and Shire River (2003)

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