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Compare Malawi (2001) - Nauru (2002)
Compare Malawi (2001) z Nauru (2002)
| Malawi (2001) | Nauru (2002) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 24 districts; Blantyre, Chikwawa, Chiradzulu, Chitipa, Dedza, Dowa, Karonga, Kasungu, Lilongwe, Machinga (Kasupe), Mangochi, Mchinji, Mulanje, Mwanza, Mzimba, Ntcheu, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Nsanje, Ntchisi, Rumphi, Salima, Thyolo, Zomba; note - there may be three new districts named Balaka, Likoma, and Phalombe | 14 districts; Aiwo, Anabar, Anetan, Anibare, Baiti, Boe, Buada, Denigomodu, Ewa, Ijuw, Meneng, Nibok, Uaboe, Yaren |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
44.43% (male 2,348,940; female 2,337,290) 15-64 years: 52.78% (male 2,741,622; female 2,825,966) 65 years and over: 2.79% (male 119,283; female 175,149) (2001 est.) |
0-14 years: 39.6% (male 2,515; female 2,366)
15-64 years: 58.7% (male 3,578; female 3,656) 65 years and over: 1.7% (male 108; female 106) (2002 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | tobacco, sugarcane, cotton, tea, corn, potatoes, cassava (tapioca), sorghum, pulses; cattle, goats | coconuts |
| Airports | 44 (2000 est.) | 1 (2001) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
6 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2000 est.) |
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total:
38 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 14 under 914 m: 23 (2000 est.) |
- |
| Area | total:
118,480 sq km land: 94,080 sq km water: 24,400 sq km |
total: 21 sq km
land: 21 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly smaller than Pennsylvania | about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | Established in 1891, the British protectorate of Nyasaland became the independent nation of Malawi in 1964. After three decades of one-party rule, the country held multiparty elections in 1994 under a provisional constitution, which took full effect the following year. National multiparty elections were held again in 1999. | Nauru's phosphate deposits began to be mined early in the 20th century by a German-British consortium; the island was occupied by Australian forces in World War I. Nauru achieved independence in 1968 and joined the UN in 1999. Nauru is the world's smallest independent republic. |
| Birth rate | 37.8 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 26.6 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Budget | revenues:
$490 million expenditures: $523 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY99/00 est.) |
revenues: $23.4 million
expenditures: $64.8 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY95/96) |
| Capital | Lilongwe | no official capital; government offices in Yaren District |
| Climate | sub-tropical; rainy season (November to May); dry season (May to November) | tropical; monsoonal; rainy season (November to February) |
| Coastline | 0 km (landlocked) | 30 km |
| Constitution | 18 May 1994 | 29 January 1968 |
| Country name | conventional long form:
Republic of Malawi conventional short form: Malawi former: British Central African Protectorate, Nyasaland Protectorate, Nyasaland |
conventional long form: Republic of Nauru
conventional short form: Nauru former: Pleasant Island |
| Currency | Malawian kwacha (MWK) | Australian dollar (AUD) |
| Death rate | 22.81 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 7.06 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Debt - external | $2.9 billion (2000 est.) | $33.3 million |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | chief of mission:
Ambassador Roger A. MEECE embassy: Area 40, Plot 24, Kenyatta Road mailing address: P. O. Box 30016, Lilongwe 3, Malawi telephone: [265] 773 166 FAX: [265] 770 471 |
the US does not have an embassy in Nauru; the US Ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Nauru |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission:
Ambassador Paul Tony Steven KANDIERO chancery: 2408 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 797-1007 |
Nauru does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a UN office at 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400 D, New York, New York 10017; telephone: (212) 937-0074
consulate(s): Hagatna (Guam) |
| Disputes - international | dispute with Tanzania over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $427 million (1999) | $2.25 million from Australia (FY96/97 est.) |
| Economy - overview | Landlocked Malawi ranks among the world's least developed countries. The economy is predominately agricultural, with about 90% of the population living in rural areas. Agriculture accounts for 37% of GDP and 85% of export revenues. The economy depends on substantial inflows of economic assistance from the IMF, the World Bank, and individual donor nations. In late 2000, Malawi was approved for relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program. The government faces strong challenges, e.g., to fully develop a market economy, to improve educational facilities, to face up to environmental problems, and to deal with the rapidly growing problem of HIV/AIDS. | Revenues of this tiny island have come from exports of phosphates, but reserves are expected to be exhausted within a few years. Phosphate production has declined since 1989, as demand has fallen in traditional markets and as the marginal cost of extracting the remaining phosphate increases, making it less internationally competitive. While phosphates have given Nauruans one of the highest per capita incomes in the Third World, few other resources exist with most necessities being imported, including fresh water from Australia. The rehabilitation of mined land and the replacement of income from phosphates are serious long-term problems. In anticipation of the exhaustion of Nauru's phosphate deposits, substantial amounts of phosphate income have been invested in trust funds to help cushion the transition and provide for Nauru's economic future. The government has been borrowing heavily from the trusts to finance fiscal deficits. To cut costs the government has called for a freeze on wages, a reduction of over-staffed public service departments, privatization of numerous government agencies, and closure of some overseas consulates. In recent years Nauru has encouraged the registration of offshore banks and corporations. Tens of billions of dollars have been channeled through their accounts. Few comprehensive statistics on the Nauru economy exist, with estimates of Nauru's per capita GDP varying widely. |
| Electricity - consumption | 950 million kWh (1999) | 27.9 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - exports | 3 million kWh (1999) | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (1999) | 0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production | 1.025 billion kWh (1999) | 30 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel:
2.44% hydro: 97.56% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
junction of the Shire River and international boundary with Mozambique 37 m highest point: Sapitwa 3,002 m |
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location along plateau rim 61 m |
| Environment - current issues | deforestation; land degradation; water pollution from agricultural runoff, sewage, industrial wastes; siltation of spawning grounds endangers fish populations | limited natural fresh water resources, roof storage tanks collect rainwater, but mostly dependent on a single, aging desalination plant; intensive phosphate mining during the past 90 years - mainly by a UK, Australia, and NZ consortium - has left the central 90% of Nauru a wasteland and threatens limited remaining land resources |
| Environment - international agreements | party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea |
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Ethnic groups | Chewa, Nyanja, Tumbuko, Yao, Lomwe, Sena, Tonga, Ngoni, Ngonde, Asian, European | Nauruan 58%, other Pacific Islander 26%, Chinese 8%, European 8% |
| Exchange rates | Malawian kwachas per US dollar - 80.0946 (December 2000), 59.5438 (2000), 44.0881 (1999), 31.0727 (1998), 16.4442 (1997), 15.3085 (1996) | Australian dollars per US dollar - 1.9354 (January 2002) 1.9320 (2001), 1.7173 (2000), 1.5497 (1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997) |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
President Bakili MULUZI (since 21 May 1994); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Bakili MULUZI (since 21 May 1994); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: 36-member Cabinet named by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 15 June 1999 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: Bakili MULUZI reelected president; percent of vote - Bakili MULUZI (UDF) 51.4%, Gwandaguluwe CHAKUAMBA (MCP-AFORD) 44.3% |
chief of state: Acting President Derog GIOURA (since 10 March 2003) following death of President Bernard DOWIYOGO note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: Acting President Derog GIOURA (since 10 March 2003) following death of President Bernard DOWIYOGO note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of Parliament elections: president elected by Parliament for a three-year term; election last held 8 March 2003 (next to be held NA 2004); following Rene HARRIS' resignation, Bernard DOWIYOGO was elected president election results: Rene HARRIS elected president; percent of Parliamentary vote - NA%; replaced by Bernard DOWIYOGO 9 January 2003 following a no-confidence vote; HARRIS reinstated 17 January 2003, then gives up presidency 18 January and DOWIYOGO is elected president; DOWIYOGO dies 10 March 2003; with 9 votes over 8 for Kinza CLODUMAR, Derog GIOURA was named acting president |
| Exports | $416 million (f.o.b., 2000) | $25.3 million f.o.b. (1991) |
| Exports - commodities | tobacco, tea, sugar, cotton, coffee, peanuts, wood products | phosphates |
| Exports - partners | South Africa 16%, Germany 16%, US 15%, Netherlands 7%, Japan (1999) | NZ, Australia, South Korea, US (2000) |
| Fiscal year | 1 July - 30 June | 1 July - 30 June |
| Flag description | three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green with a radiant, rising, red sun centered in the black band | blue with a narrow, horizontal, yellow stripe across the center and a large white 12-pointed star below the stripe on the hoist side; the star indicates the country's location in relation to the Equator (the yellow stripe) and the 12 points symbolize the 12 original tribes of Nauru |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $9.4 billion (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - $60 million (2001 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
37% industry: 29% services: 34% (1998 est.) |
agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: NA% |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $900 (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - $5,000 (2001 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 3% (2000 est.) | NA% |
| Geographic coordinates | 13 30 S, 34 00 E | 0 32 S, 166 55 E |
| Geography - note | landlocked | Nauru is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Makatea in French Polynesia; only 53 km south of Equator |
| Highways | total:
16,451 km paved: 3,126 km unpaved: 13,325 km (1997) |
total: 30 km
paved: 24 km unpaved: 6 km (1998 est.) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Illicit drugs | - | broad-based money-laundering center |
| Imports | $435 million (f.o.b., 2000) | $21.1 million c.i.f. (1991) |
| Imports - commodities | food, petroleum products, semimanufactures, consumer goods, transportation equipment | food, fuel, manufactures, building materials, machinery |
| Imports - partners | South Africa 43%, Zimbabwe 14%, UK 5%, Germany 5%, Zambia, Japan, US (1999) | Australia, US, UK, Indonesia, India (2000) |
| Independence | 6 July 1964 (from UK) | 31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered UN trusteeship) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | NA% |
| Industries | tobacco, tea, sugar, sawmill products, cement, consumer goods | phosphate mining, offshore banking, coconut products |
| Infant mortality rate | 121.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) | 10.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 29.5% (2000) | -3.6% (1993) (1993) |
| International organization participation | ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO | ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, ICAO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 8 (2001) | 1 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | 280 sq km (1993 est.) | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court of Appeal; High Court (chief justice appointed by the president, puisne judges appointed on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission); magistrate's courts | Supreme Court |
| Labor force | 3.5 million | - |
| Labor force - by occupation | agriculture 86% (1997 est.) | employed in mining phosphates, public administration, education, and transportation |
| Land boundaries | total:
2,881 km border countries: Mozambique 1,569 km, Tanzania 475 km, Zambia 837 km |
0 km |
| Land use | arable land:
34% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 20% forests and woodland: 39% other: 7% (1993 est.) |
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | English (official), Chichewa (official), other languages important regionally | Nauruan (official, a distinct Pacific Island language), English widely understood, spoken, and used for most government and commercial purposes |
| Legal system | based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Appeal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction | acts of the Nauru Parliament and British common law |
| Legislative branch | unicameral National Assembly (193 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 15 June 1999 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - UDF 48%, MCP 34%, AFORD 15%, others 3%; seats by party - UDF 94, MCP 66, AFORD 29, others 4 |
unicameral Parliament (18 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms)
elections: last held 9 April 2000 (next to be held NA April 2003) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 18 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
37.08 years male: 36.61 years female: 37.55 years (2001 est.) |
total population: 61.57 years
male: 58.05 years female: 65.26 years (2002 est.) |
| Literacy | definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 58% male: 72.8% female: 43.4% (1999 est.) |
definition: NA
total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA% |
| Location | Southern Africa, east of Zambia | Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, south of the Marshall Islands |
| Map references | Africa | Oceania |
| Maritime claims | none (landlocked) | contiguous zone: 24 NM
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | - | none (2002 est.) |
| Military - note | - | Nauru maintains no defense forces; under an informal agreement, defense is the responsibility of Australia |
| Military branches | Army (includes Air Wing and Naval Detachment), Police (includes paramilitary Mobile Force Unit) | no regular military forces; Nauru Police Force |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $9.5 million (FY00/01) | $NA |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | 0.76% (FY00/01) | NA% |
| Military manpower - availability | males age 15-49:
2,466,708 (2001 est.) |
males age 15-49: 3,103 (2002 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | males age 15-49:
1,265,893 (2001 est.) |
males age 15-49: 1,710 (2002 est.) |
| National holiday | Independence Day, 6 July (1964) | Independence Day, 31 January (1968) |
| Nationality | noun:
Malawian(s) adjective: Malawian |
noun: Nauruan(s)
adjective: Nauruan |
| Natural hazards | NA | periodic droughts |
| Natural resources | limestone, arable land, hydropower, unexploited deposits of uranium, coal, and bauxite | phosphates, fish |
| Net migration rate | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | Alliance for Democracy or AFORD [Chakufwa CHIHANA, president]; Malawi Congress Party or MCP [Gwanda CHAKUAMBA, president, John TEMBO, vice president]; Malawi Democratic Party or MDP [Kampelo KALUA, president]; National Independence Party; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Eston KAKHOME, president]; United Democratic Front or UDF [Bakili MULUZI] - governing party | loose multiparty system; Democratic Party [Kennan ADEANG]; Nauru Party (informal) [Bernard DOWIYOGO] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | NA | NA |
| Population | 10,548,250
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.) |
12,329 (July 2002 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | 54% (FY90/91 est.) | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 1.5% (2001 est.) | 1.96% (2002 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Chipoka, Monkey Bay, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Chilumba | Nauru |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 9, FM 4 (plus 15 repeater stations), shortwave 3 (1998) | AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | 2.6 million (1997) | 7,000 (1997) |
| Railways | total:
789 km narrow gauge: 789 km 1.067-m gauge |
total: 5 km
note: gauge unknown; used to haul phosphates from the center of the island to processing facilities on the southwest coast (2001) |
| Religions | Protestant 55%, Roman Catholic 20%, Muslim 20%, indigenous beliefs | Christian (two-thirds Protestant, one-third Roman Catholic) |
| Sex ratio | at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.02 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal | 20 years of age; universal and compulsory |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
NA domestic: fair system of open-wire lines, microwave radio relay links, and radiotelephone communications stations international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean) |
general assessment: adequate local and international radiotelephone communication provided via Australian facilities
domestic: NA international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 37,000 (1997) | 2,000 (1996) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 7,000 (1997) | 450 (1994) |
| Television broadcast stations | 1 (1999) | 1 (1997) |
| Terrain | narrow elongated plateau with rolling plains, rounded hills, some mountains | sandy beach rises to fertile ring around raised coral reefs with phosphate plateau in center |
| Total fertility rate | 5.18 children born/woman (2001 est.) | 3.5 children born/woman (2002 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | NA% | 0% |
| Waterways | 144 km
note: on Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and Shire Riverall |
none |
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