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Compare Macau (2002) - Gibraltar (2003)

Compare Macau (2002) z Gibraltar (2003)

 Macau (2002)Gibraltar (2003)
 MacauGibraltar
Administrative divisions none (special administrative region of China) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Age structure 0-14 years: 21.8% (male 52,262; female 48,439)


15-64 years: 70.9% (male 154,942; female 172,647)


65 years and over: 7.3% (male 13,616; female 19,927) (2002 est.)
0-14 years: 18.3% (male 2,593; female 2,482)


15-64 years: 66.3% (male 9,458; female 8,946)


65 years and over: 15.4% (male 1,873; female 2,424) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products rice, vegetables none
Airports 1 (2001) 1 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
total: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)
Area total: 25.4 sq km


land: 25.4 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total: 6.5 sq km


land: 6.5 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC about 11 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs. Strategically important, Gibraltar was ceded to Great Britain by Spain in the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht; the British garrison was formally declared a colony in 1830. In referendums held in 1967 and 2002, Gibraltarians ignored Spanish pressure and voted overwhelmingly to remain a British dependency.
Birth rate 12.19 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) 11.09 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget revenues: $1.15 billion


expenditures: $1.03 billion, including capital expenditures of $166 million (2000 est.)
revenues: $307 million


expenditures: $284 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY 00/01 est.)
Capital - Gibraltar
Climate subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers
Coastline 41 km 12 km
Constitution Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution" 30 May 1969
Country name conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region


conventional short form: Macau


local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese)


local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese)
conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Gibraltar
Currency pataca (MOP) Gibraltar pound (GIP)
Death rate 3.78 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) 8.93 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external $1.5 billion (1998) $NA
Dependency status special administrative region of China overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US the US has no offices in Macau, and US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US none (special administrative region of China) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international none Gibraltar residents vote overwhelmingly in referendum against "total shared sovereignty" arrangement worked out between Spain and UK to change 300-year rule over colony
Economic aid - recipient $NA $NA; note - if an agreement between Spain and the UK is reached, could receive 50 million euros from the EU
Economy - overview Macau's economy two years after reversion to China remains one of the most open in the world, according to the World Trade Organization. The government collects no duty on imports and sets no restrictions on exports beyond those required by international agreements. The territory's net exports of goods and services account for 35% of GDP, with tourism and apparel exports as the mainstays. The territory therefore has been hit hard by the 2001 downturn in its key US and EU export markets. Tourism remained strong, however, driven by a surge in visitors from mainland China. In response to the expected contraction of the economy in 2002, the government has announced a stimulative income tax cut and public works program that will push the budget into deficit. China already has extended support by easing restrictions on travel to Macau and is proposing a China-Hong Kong-Macau free trade area. China's economic weight is increasingly felt, with the mainland now holding more than 50% of assets in the financial, real estate, and construction sectors. Mainlanders, however, have been excluded from bidding on the gambling industry licenses that Macau is offering to break up the territory's four-decade-old gambling monopoly. Gambling taxes account for up to 60% of revenue, and the government with Beijing's backing intends to revitalize the industry. Gibraltar benefits from an extensive shipping trade, offshore banking, and its position as an international conference center. The British military presence has been sharply reduced and now contributes about 7% to the local economy, compared with 60% in 1984. The financial sector, tourism (almost 5 million visitors in 1998), shipping services fees, and duties on consumer goods also generate revenue. The financial sector, the shipping sector, and tourism each contribute 25%-30% of GDP. Telecommunications accounts for another 10%. In recent years, Gibraltar has seen major structural change from a public to a private sector economy, but changes in government spending still have a major impact on the level of employment.
Electricity - consumption 1.476 billion kWh (2000) 93 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 1 million kWh (2000) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 175 million kWh (2000) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production 1.4 billion kWh (2000) 100 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point: South China Sea 0 m


highest point: Coloane Alto 172.4 m
lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m


highest point: Rock of Gibraltar 426 m
Environment - current issues NA limited natural freshwater resources: large concrete or natural rock water catchments collect rainwater (no longer used for drinking water) and adequate desalination plant
Ethnic groups Chinese 95%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry), Portuguese, other Spanish, Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese
Exchange rates patacas per US dollar - 8.033 (January 2002), 8.034 (2001), 8.026 (2000), 7.992 (1999), 7.979 (1998), 7.975 (1997); note - linked to the Hong Kong dollar at the rate of 1.03 patacas per Hong Kong dollar Gibraltar pounds per US dollar - 0.6661 (2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998); note - the Gibraltar pound is at par with the British pound
Executive branch chief of state: President of China JIANG Zemin (since 27 March 1993)


head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999)


cabinet: Executive Council consists of all five government secretaries, three legislators, and two businessmen


elections: chief executive chosen by a 200-member selection committee for up to two five-year terms
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor and Commander-in-Chief Sir Francis RICHARDS (since 27 May 2003)


head of government: Chief Minister Peter CARUANA (since 17 May 1996)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed from among the 15 elected members of the House of Assembly by the governor in consultation with the chief minister


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed chief minister by the governor
Exports $2.5 billion f.o.b. (2000) NA (2001)
Exports - commodities clothing, textiles, cement, electronics, cameras (principally reexports) petroleum 51%, manufactured goods 41%, other 8%
Exports - partners US 48%, EU 28%, China 10%, Hong Kong 7% (2000) UK 27.7%, Switzerland 14.3%, Germany 12%, France 6.9%, Spain 6.1%, Turkmenistan 5%, Ukraine 4.6% (2002)
Fiscal year calendar year 1 July - 30 June
Flag description light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller two horizontal bands of white (top, double width) and red with a three-towered red castle in the center of the white band; hanging from the castle gate is a gold key centered in the red band
GDP purchasing power parity - $8 billion (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $500 million (1997 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 1%


industry: 25%


services: 74% (2000 est.)
agriculture: NA%


industry: NA%


services: NA%
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $17,600 (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $17,500 (1997 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 0.5% (2001 est.) NA%
Geographic coordinates 22 10 N, 113 33 E 36 8 N, 5 21 W
Geography - note essentially urban; one causeway and two bridges connect the two islands of Coloane and Taipa to the peninsula on mainland strategic location on Strait of Gibraltar that links the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea
Highways total: 50 km


paved: 50 km


unpaved: 0 km (2001)
total: 29 km


paved: 29 km


unpaved: 0 km (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports $2.3 billion c.i.f. (2000) NA (2001)
Imports - commodities clothing, textiles, yarn, minerals, electrical machinery, fuel, livestock fuels, manufactured goods, and foodstuffs
Imports - partners China 41%, Hong Kong 15%, EU 10%, Taiwan 10%, Japan 6% (2000) Germany 27.3%, Spain 21.8%, UK 12.1%, Italy 8% (2002)
Independence none (special administrative region of China) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA%
Industries tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys tourism, banking and finance, ship repairing, tobacco
Infant mortality rate 4.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) total: 5.31 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 5.92 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 4.67 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) -2% (2001 est.) 1.5% (1998)
International organization participation CCC, ESCAP (associate), IHO, IMO (associate), Interpol (subbureau), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), WMO, WToO (associate), WTrO Interpol (subbureau)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 2 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km NA sq km
Judicial branch The Court of Final Appeal in the Macau Special Administrative Region Supreme Court; Court of Appeal
Labor force 218,000 (2001) 14,800 (including non-Gibraltar laborers)
Labor force - by occupation restaurants and hotels 26%, manufacturing 20%, other services and agriculture 54% (2000 est.) services 60%, industry 40%, agriculture NEGL%
Land boundaries total: 0.34 km


border countries: China 0.34 km
total: 1.2 km


border countries: Spain 1.2 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100%


note: "green areas" represent 22.4% (1998 est.)
arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (1998 est.)
Languages Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese) English (used in schools and for official purposes), Spanish, Italian, Portuguese
Legal system based on Portuguese civil law system English law
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (27 seats; 10 elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 23 September 2001 (next to be held NA 2005)


election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats by political bloc - Entertainment Industry 3, pro-democracy 2, pro-Beijing Labor Union 2, pro-Beijing Neighborhood Association 2, pro-business 1
unicameral House of Assembly (18 seats - 15 elected by popular vote, one appointed for the Speaker, and two ex officio members; members serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 27 November 2003 (next to be held not later than NA 2007)


election results: percent of vote by party - GSD 58%, GSLP 41%; seats by party - GSD 8, GSLP 7
Life expectancy at birth total population: 81.78 years


male: 78.97 years


female: 84.73 years (2002 est.)
total population: 79.38 years


male: 76.51 years


female: 82.4 years (2003 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 90%


male: 93%


female: 86% (1981 est.)
definition: NA


total population: above 80%


male: NA%


female: NA%
Location Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China Southwestern Europe, bordering the Strait of Gibraltar, which links the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southern coast of Spain
Map references Southeast Asia Europe
Maritime claims not specified territorial sea: 3 NM
Merchant marine none (2002 est.) total: 114 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 1,008,140 GRT/1,435,595 DWT


ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 58, chemical tanker 14, container 20, multi-functional large-load carrier 3, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 13, roll on/roll off 2


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belgium 1, Cyprus 1, France 2, Germany 55, Greece 6, Ireland 1, Monaco 2, Norway 3, United Kingdom 13 (2002 est.)
Military - note responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999 defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches no regular indigenous military forces; responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999; there is a local police force no regular indigenous military forces; British Army, Royal Navy, Royal Air Force
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 128,005 (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 70,508 (2002 est.) -
National holiday National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day National Day, 10 September (1967); note - day of the national referendum to decide whether to remain with the UK or go with Spain
Nationality noun: Chinese


adjective: Chinese
noun: Gibraltarian(s)


adjective: Gibraltar
Natural hazards typhoons NA
Natural resources NEGL NEGL
Net migration rate 9.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Pipelines - 0 km
Political parties and leaders there are no formal political parties, however, there are civic associations that, for purposes of legislative voting, join together to form political blocs Gibraltar Liberal Party [Joseph GARCIA]; Gibraltar Social Democrats or GSD [Peter CARUANA]; Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party or GSLP [Joseph John BOSSANO]
Political pressure groups and leaders Catholic Church [Domingos LAM, bishop]; Macau Society of Tourism and Entertainment or STDM [Stanley HO, managing director]; Union for Democracy Development [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong, leader] Chamber of Commerce; Gibraltar Representatives Organization; Women's Association
Population 461,833 (July 2002 est.) 27,776 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 1.75% (2002 est.) 0.22% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors Macau Gibraltar
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 160,000 (1997) -
Railways 0 km -
Religions Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.) Roman Catholic 76.9%, Church of England 6.9%, Muslim 6.9%, Jewish 2.3%, none or other 7% (1991)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female


total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female


total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies 18 years of age; universal, plus other UK subjects who have been residents six months or more
Telephone system general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services


domestic: NA


international: HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
general assessment: adequate, automatic domestic system and adequate international facilities


domestic: automatic exchange facilities


international: radiotelephone; microwave radio relay; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 176,902 (November 2001) 19,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 158,251 (November 2001) 1,620 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 0 (receives Hong Kong broadcasts) (1997) 1 (plus three low-power repeaters) (1997)
Terrain generally flat a narrow coastal lowland borders the Rock of Gibraltar
Total fertility rate 1.31 children born/woman (2002 est.) 1.65 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate 6.5% (2001 est.) 2% (2001 est.)
Waterways none none
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