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Compare Macau (2001) - Tanzania (2001)

Compare Macau (2001) z Tanzania (2001)

 Macau (2001)Tanzania (2001)
 MacauTanzania
Administrative divisions none (special administrative region of China) 25 regions; Arusha, Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Iringa, Kagera, Kigoma, Kilimanjaro, Lindi, Mara, Mbeya, Morogoro, Mtwara, Mwanza, Pemba North, Pemba South, Pwani, Rukwa, Ruvuma, Shinyanga, Singida, Tabora, Tanga, Zanzibar Central/South, Zanzibar North, Zanzibar Urban/West
Age structure 0-14 years:
22.68% (male 53,291; female 49,615)

15-64 years:
70.08% (male 150,538; female 167,431)

65 years and over:
7.24% (male 13,287; female 19,571) (2001 est.)
0-14 years:
44.76% (male 8,152,438; female 8,063,520)

15-64 years:
52.35% (male 9,387,737; female 9,581,518)

65 years and over:
2.89% (male 473,498; female 573,363) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products rice, vegetables coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), cashew nuts, tobacco, cloves (Zanzibar), corn, wheat, cassava (tapioca), bananas, fruits, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats
Airports 1 (2000 est.) 126 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
1

over 3,047 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total:
11

over 3,047 m:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
5

914 to 1,523 m:
1

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total:
115

1,524 to 2,437 m:
17

914 to 1,523 m:
63

under 914 m:
35 (2000 est.)
Area total:
21 sq km

land:
21 sq km

water:
0 sq km
total:
945,087 sq km

land:
886,037 sq km

water:
59,050 sq km

note:
includes the islands of Mafia, Pemba, and Zanzibar
Area - comparative about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC slightly larger than twice the size of California
Background Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs. Shortly after independence, Tanganyika and Zanzibar merged to form the nation of Tanzania in 1964. One-party rule came to an end in 1995 with the first democratic elections held in the country since the 1970s. Zanzibar's semi-autonomous status and popular opposition have led to two contentious elections since 1995, which the ruling party won despite international observers' claims of voting irregularities.
Birth rate 12.36 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 39.65 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues:
$1.26 billion

expenditures:
$1.22 billion, including capital expenditures of $175 million (1999 est.)
revenues:
$1.21 billion

expenditures:
$1.36 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
Capital - Dar es Salaam; note - legislative offices have been transferred to Dodoma, which is planned as the new national capital; the National Assembly now meets there on regular basis
Climate subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands
Coastline 40 km 1,424 km
Constitution Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution" 25 April 1977; major revisions October 1984
Country name conventional long form:
Macau Special Administrative Region

conventional short form:
Macau

local long form:
Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese)

local short form:
Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese)
conventional long form:
United Republic of Tanzania

conventional short form:
Tanzania

former:
United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar
Currency pataca (MOP) Tanzanian shilling (TZS)
Death rate 3.71 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 12.95 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $1.7 billion (1997) $6.8 billion (2000 est.)
Dependency status special administrative region of China -
Diplomatic representation from the US the US has no offices in Macau, and US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong chief of mission:
Charge d'Affaires Wanda NESBITT

embassy:
140 Msese Road, Kinondoni District, Dar es Salaam

mailing address:
P. O. Box 9123, Dar es Salaam

telephone:
[255] (22) 666010 through 666015

FAX:
[255] (22) 666701
Diplomatic representation in the US none (special administrative region of China) chief of mission:
Ambassador Mustafa Salim NYANG'ANYI

chancery:
2139 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 939-6125

FAX:
[1] (202) 797-7408
Disputes - international none dispute with Malawi over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi); a resurvey of the latitudinal boundary with Uganda in 2000 revealed a 300-meter discrepancy that both sides are currently adjudicating
Economic aid - recipient $NA $963 million (1997)
Economy - overview The economy is based largely on tourism (including gambling) and textile and fireworks manufacturing. Efforts to diversify have spawned other small industries - toys, artificial flowers, and electronics. The tourist sector has accounted for roughly 25% of GDP, and the clothing industry has provided about three-fourths of export earnings; the gambling industry probably represents over 40% of GDP. More than 8 million tourists visited Macau in 2000. Macau depends on China for most of its food, fresh water, and energy imports. Japan and Hong Kong are the main suppliers of raw materials and capital goods. Output dropped 5% in 1998 and 3% in 1999, with a small 2% gain in 2000. Macau reverted to Chinese administration on 20 December 1999. Gang violence, a dark spot in the economy, probably will be reduced in 2000-01 to the advantage of the tourism sector. Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world. The economy is heavily dependent on agriculture, which accounts for half of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs 80% of the work force. Topography and climatic conditions, however, limit cultivated crops to only 4% of the land area. Industry is mainly limited to processing agricultural products and light consumer goods. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and bilateral donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's deteriorated economic infrastructure. Growth in 1991-2000 featured a pick up in industrial production and a substantial increase in output of minerals, led by gold. Natural gas exploration in the Rufiji Delta looks promising and production could start by 2002. Recent banking reforms have helped increase private sector growth and investment. Continued donor support and solid macroeconomic policies should allow Tanzania to achieve real GDP growth of 6% in 2001 and in 2002.
Electricity - consumption 1.422 billion kWh (1999) 2.134 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 3 million kWh (1999) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 165 million kWh (1999) 43 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 1.355 billion kWh (1999) 2.248 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel:
22.24%

hydro:
77.76%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
South China Sea 0 m

highest point:
Coloane Alto 174 m
lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Kilimanjaro 5,895 m
Environment - current issues NA soil degradation; deforestation; desertification; destruction of coral reefs threatens marine habitats; recent droughts affected marginal agriculture
Environment - international agreements - party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Nuclear Test Ban
Ethnic groups Chinese 95%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry), Portuguese, other mainland - native African 99% (of which 95% are Bantu consisting of more than 130 tribes), other 1% (consisting of Asian, European, and Arab); Zanzibar - Arab, native African, mixed Arab and native African
Exchange rates patacas per US dollar - 8.033 (January 2001), 8.025 (2000), 7.990 (1999), 7.978 (1998), 7.974 (1997), 7.966 (1996); note - linked to the Hong Kong dollar at the rate of 1.03 patacas per Hong Kong dollar Tanzanian shillings per US dollar - 803.34 (December 2000), 800.41 (2000), 744.76 (1999), 664.67 (1998), 612.12 (1997), 579.98 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state:
President of China JIANG Zemin (since 27 March 1993)

head of government:
Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999)

cabinet:
Executive Council consists of all five government secretaries, three legislators, and two businessmen

elections:
NA
chief of state:
President Benjamin William MKAPA (since 23 November 1995); Vice President Omar Ali JUMA (since 23 November 1995); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Benjamin William MKAPA (since 23 November 1995); Vice President Omar Ali JUMA (since 23 November 1995); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

note:
Zanzibar elects a president who is head of government for matters internal to Zanzibar; Amani Abeid KARUME was elected to that office on 29 October 2000

cabinet:
Cabinet ministers, including the prime minister, are appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly

elections:
president and vice president elected on the same ballot by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 29 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2005); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
Benjamin William MKAPA reelected president; percent of vote - Benjamin William MKAPA 71.7%, Ibrahim Haruna LIPUMBA 16.3%, Augustine Lyatonga MREME 7.8%, John Momose CHEYO 4.2%
Exports $2.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $937 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities textiles, clothing, toys, electronics, cement, footwear, machinery coffee, manufactured goods, cotton, cashew nuts, minerals, tobacco, sisal (1996)
Exports - partners US 47%, EU 30%, China 9.2%, Hong Kong 6.7% (1999) India 20%, UK 10%, Germany 8%, Japan 8%, Netherlands 8%, Belgium 4% (1998)
Fiscal year calendar year 1 July - 30 June
Flag description light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is blue
GDP purchasing power parity - $7.82 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $25.1 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
1%

industry:
25%

services:
74% (2000 est.)
agriculture:
49%

industry:
17%

services:
34% (1998 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $17,500 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $710 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 2% (2000 est.) 5.2% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 22 10 N, 113 33 E 6 00 S, 35 00 E
Geography - note essentially urban; one causeway and two bridges connect the two islands of Coloane and Taipa to the peninsula on mainland Kilimanjaro is highest point in Africa
Highways total:
50 km

paved:
50 km

unpaved:
0 km (2001)
total:
88,200 km

paved:
3,704 km

unpaved:
84,496 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%:
2.9%

highest 10%:
30.2% (1993)
Illicit drugs - growing role in transshipment of Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for South African, European, and US markets and of South Asian methaqualone bound for Southern Africa
Imports $2.4 billion (c.i.f., 2000 est.) $1.57 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities raw materials, foodstuffs, capital goods, fuels, consumer goods consumer goods, machinery and transportation equipment, industrial raw materials, crude oil
Imports - partners China 36%, Hong Kong 18%, EU 13%, Taiwan 10%, Japan 7% (1999) South Africa 8%, Japan 8%, UK 8%, Kenya 7%, India 6%, US 5% (1998)
Independence none (special administrative region of China) 26 April 1964; Tanganyika became independent 9 December 1961 (from UK-administered UN trusteeship); Zanzibar became independent 19 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with Zanzibar 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania 29 October 1964
Industrial production growth rate NA% 8.4% (1999 est.)
Industries clothing, textiles, toys, electronics, footwear, tourism, gambling primarily agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine), diamond and gold mining, oil refining, shoes, cement, textiles, wood products, fertilizer, salt
Infant mortality rate 4.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 79.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) -1.8% (2000 est.) 6% (2000 est.)
International organization participation CCC, ESCAP (associate), IMO (associate), Interpol (subbureau), UNESCO (associate), WMO, WToO (associate), WTrO ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G- 6, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 6 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km 1,500 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch The Court of Final Appeal in the Macau Special Administrative Region Permanent Commission of Enquiry (official ombudsman); Court of Appeal (consists of a chief justice and four judges); High Court (consists of a Jaji Kiongozi and 29 judges appointed by the president; holds regular sessions in all regions); District Courts; Primary Courts (limited jurisdiction and appeals can be made to the higher courts)
Labor force 283,450 (1999) 13.495 million
Labor force - by occupation restaurants and hotels 26%, manufacturing 22%, other services 52% (2000 est.) agriculture 80%, industry and commerce 20% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries total:
0.34 km

border countries:
China 0.34 km
total:
3,402 km

border countries:
Burundi 451 km, Kenya 769 km, Malawi 475 km, Mozambique 756 km, Rwanda 217 km, Uganda 396 km, Zambia 338 km
Land use arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
2%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
98% (1998 est.)
arable land:
3%

permanent crops:
1%

permanent pastures:
40%

forests and woodland:
38%

other:
18% (1993 est.)
Languages Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese) Kiswahili or Swahili (official), Kiunguju (name for Swahili in Zanzibar), English (official, primary language of commerce, administration, and higher education), Arabic (widely spoken in Zanzibar), many local languages

note:
Kiswahili (Swahili) is the mother tongue of the Bantu people living in Zanzibar and nearby coastal Tanzania; although Kiswahili is Bantu in structure and origin, its vocabulary draws on a variety of sources, including Arabic and English, and it has become the lingua franca of central and eastern Africa; the first language of most people is one of the local languages
Legal system based on Portuguese civil law system based on English common law; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (23 seats; 8 elected by popular vote, 8 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 22 September 1996 (next to be held by 15 October 2001)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - APPEM 2, UNIPRO 2, CODEM 1, UDM 1, UPD 1, ANMD 1
unicameral National Assembly or Bunge (274 seats - 232 elected by popular vote, 37 allocated to women nominated by the president, five to members of the Zanzibar House of Representatives; members serve five-year terms); note - in addition to enacting laws that apply to the entire United Republic of Tanzania, the Assembly enacts laws that apply only to the mainland; Zanzibar has its own House of Representatives to make laws especially for Zanzibar (the Zanzibar House of Representatives has 50 seats, directly elected by universal suffrage to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 29 October 2000 (next to be held NA October 2005)

election results:
National Assembly: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CCM 244, CUF 16, CHADEMA 4, TLP 3, UDP 2, Zanzibar representatives 5; Zanzibar House of Representatives: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CCM 34, CUF 16
Life expectancy at birth total population:
81.69 years

male:
78.88 years

female:
84.64 years (2001 est.)
total population:
51.98 years

male:
51.04 years

female:
52.95 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
90%

male:
93%

female:
86% (1981 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write Kiswahili (Swahili), English, or Arabic

total population:
67.8%

male:
79.4%

female:
56.8% (1995 est.)
Location Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Kenya and Mozambique
Map references Southeast Asia Africa
Maritime claims not specified exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine none (2000 est.) total:
8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 21,987 GRT/27,121 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 2, passenger/cargo 2, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 1, short-sea passenger 1 (2000 est.)
Military - note responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999 -
Military branches Macau garrison of China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) includes about 500 troops Tanzanian People's Defense Force or TPDF (includes Army, Navy, and Air Force), paramilitary Police Field Force Unit, Militia
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $21 million (FY98/99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 0.2% (FY98/99)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
125,737 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
8,365,337 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
69,191 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
4,841,095 (2001 est.)
National holiday National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day Union Day (Tanganyika and Zanzibar), 26 April (1964)
Nationality noun:
Chinese

adjective:
Chinese
noun:
Tanzanian(s)

adjective:
Tanzanian
Natural hazards typhoons flooding on the central plateau during the rainy season; drought
Natural resources NEGL hydropower, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel
Net migration rate 9.25 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -0.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 982 km
Political parties and leaders the following is a listing of those associations that participated in the last legislative elections: Associacao de Novo Macau Democratico or ANMD [leader NA]; Associacao Promotora para a Economia de Macau or APPEM [leader NA]; Convergencia para o Desenvolvimento or CODEM [leader NA]; Uniao Geral para o Desenvolvimento de Macau or UDM [leader NA]; Uniao para o Desenvolvimento or UPD [leader NA]; Uniao Promotora para o Progresso or UNIPRO [leader NA]

note:
there are no formal political parties, but civic associations are used instead
Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo or CHADEMA [Bob MAKANI, chairman]; Chama Cha Mapinduzi or CCM (Revolutionary Party) [Benjamin William MKAPA, chairman]; Civic United Front or CUF [Seif Sharif HAMAD, secretary-general]; Democratic Party (unregistered) [Reverend Christopher MTIKLA, leader]; National Convention for Construction and Reform or NCCR [Kassim MAGUTU, secretary-general]; Tanzania Labor Party or TLP [Augustine Lyatonga MREMA, chairman]; Union for Multiparty Democracy or UMD [leader NA]; United Democratic Party or UDP [John CHEYO, leader]
Political pressure groups and leaders Catholic Church [Domingos LAM, bishop]; Macau Society of Tourism and Entertainment or STDM [Stanley HO, managing director]; Union for Democracy Development [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong, leader] NA
Population 453,733 (July 2001 est.) 36,232,074

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 51.1% (1991 est.)
Population growth rate 1.79% (2001 est.) 2.61% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Macau Bukoba, Dar es Salaam, Kigoma, Kilwa Masoko, Lindi, Mtwara, Mwanza, Pangani, Tanga, Wete, Zanzibar
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 12, FM 11, shortwave 2 (1998)
Radios 160,000 (1997) 8.8 million (1997)
Railways 0 km total:
3,569 km (1995)

narrow gauge:
2,600 km 1.000-m gauge; 969 km 1.067-m gauge

note:
the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA), which operates 1,860 km of 1.067-m narrow gauge track between Dar es Salaam and Kapiri Mposhi in Zambia (of which 969 km are in Tanzania and 891 km are in Zambia) is not a part of Tanzania Railways Corporation; because of the difference in gauge, this system does not connect to Tanzania Railways
Religions Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.) mainland - Christian 45%, Muslim 35%, indigenous beliefs 20%; Zanzibar - more than 99% Muslim
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.07 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.9 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.68 male(s)/female

total population:
0.92 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.83 male(s)/female

total population:
0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services

domestic:
NA

international:
HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
general assessment:
fair system operating below capacity and being modernized for better service; VSAT (very small aperture terminal) system under construction

domestic:
trunk service provided by open wire, microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and fiber-optic cable; some links being made digital

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 176,837 (2000) 127,000 (1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular 120,957 (2000) 30,000 (1999)
Television broadcast stations 0 (receives Hong Kong broadcasts) (1997) 3 (1999)
Terrain generally flat plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south
Total fertility rate 1.31 children born/woman (2001 est.) 5.42 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 6.6% (2000) NA%
Waterways none note:
Lake Tanganyika, Lake Victoria, and Lake Nyasa are principal avenues of commerce between Tanzania and its neighbors on those lakes
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