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Compare Liechtenstein (2008) - Jersey (2008)
Compare Liechtenstein (2008) z Jersey (2008)
| Liechtenstein (2008) | Jersey (2008) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 11 communes (Gemeinden, singular - Gemeinde); Balzers, Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Planken, Ruggell, Schaan, Schellenberg, Triesen, Triesenberg, Vaduz | none (British crown dependency); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 12 parishes including Grouville, Saint Brelade, Saint Clement, Saint Helier, Saint John, Saint Lawrence, Saint Martin, Saint Mary, Saint Quen, Saint Peter, Saint Saviour, and Trinity |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 17.1% (male 2,902/female 2,963)
15-64 years: 70% (male 11,887/female 12,101) 65 years and over: 12.8% (male 1,862/female 2,532) (2007 est.) |
0-14 years: 16.9% (male 8,003/female 7,428)
15-64 years: 67.3% (male 30,586/female 30,853) 65 years and over: 15.8% (male 6,388/female 8,063) (2007 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | wheat, barley, corn, potatoes; livestock, dairy products | potatoes, cauliflower, tomatoes; beef, dairy products |
| Airports | - | 1 (2007) |
| Airports - with paved runways | - | total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007) |
| Area | total: 160 sq km
land: 160 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 116 sq km
land: 116 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | about 0.9 times the size of Washington, DC | about two-thirds the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | The Principality of Liechtenstein was established within the Holy Roman Empire in 1719; it became a sovereign state in 1806. Until the end of World War I, it was closely tied to Austria, but the economic devastation caused by that conflict forced Liechtenstein to enter into a customs and monetary union with Switzerland. Since World War II (in which Liechtenstein remained neutral), the country's low taxes have spurred outstanding economic growth. Shortcomings in banking regulatory oversight resulted in concerns about the use of financial institutions for money laundering. However, Liechtenstein implemented anti-money-laundering legislation over the past several years and a Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty with the US went into effect in 2003. | Jersey and the other Channel Islands represent the last remnants of the medieval Dukedom of Normandy that held sway in both France and England. These islands were the only British soil occupied by German troops in World War II. Jersey is a British crown dependency, but is not part of the UK. However, the UK Government is constitutionally responsible for its defense and international representation. |
| Birth rate | 10.02 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) | 9.02 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Budget | revenues: $424.2 million
expenditures: $414.1 million (1998 est.) |
revenues: $829 million
expenditures: $851 million (2005) |
| Capital | name: Vaduz
geographic coordinates: 47 08 N, 9 31 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October |
name: Saint Helier
geographic coordinates: 49 11 N, 2 06 W time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October |
| Climate | continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers | temperate; mild winters and cool summers |
| Coastline | 0 km (doubly landlocked) | 70 km |
| Constitution | 5 October 1921 | unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice |
| Country name | conventional long form: Principality of Liechtenstein
conventional short form: Liechtenstein local long form: Fuerstentum Liechtenstein local short form: Liechtenstein |
conventional long form: Bailiwick of Jersey
conventional short form: Jersey |
| Death rate | 7.3 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) | 9.32 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Debt - external | $0 (2001) | $NA |
| Dependency status | - | British crown dependency |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | the US does not have an embassy in Liechtenstein; the US Ambassador to Switzerland is accredited to Liechtenstein | none (British crown dependency) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission: Ambassador Claudia FRITSCHE
chancery: 888 17th Street NW, Suite 1250, Washington, DC 20006 telephone: [1] (202) 331-0590 FAX: [1] (202) 331-3221 |
none (British crown dependency) |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economy - overview | Despite its small size and limited natural resources, Liechtenstein has developed into a prosperous, highly industrialized, free-enterprise economy with a vital financial service sector and living standards on a par with its large European neighbors. The Liechtenstein economy is widely diversified with a large number of small businesses. Low business taxes - the maximum tax rate is 20% - and easy incorporation rules have induced many holding or so-called letter box companies to establish nominal offices in Liechtenstein, providing 30% of state revenues. The country participates in a customs union with Switzerland and uses the Swiss franc as its national currency. It imports more than 90% of its energy requirements. Liechtenstein has been a member of the European Economic Area (an organization serving as a bridge between the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) and the EU) since May 1995. The government is working to harmonize its economic policies with those of an integrated Europe. | Jersey's economy is based on international financial services, agriculture, and tourism. In 2005 the finance sector accounted for about 50% of the island's output. Potatoes, cauliflower, tomatoes, and especially flowers are important export crops, shipped mostly to the UK. The Jersey breed of dairy cattle is known worldwide and represents an important export income earner. Milk products go to the UK and other EU countries. Tourism accounts for one-quarter of GDP. In recent years, the government has encouraged light industry to locate in Jersey, with the result that an electronics industry has developed alongside the traditional manufacturing of knitwear. All raw material and energy requirements are imported, as well as a large share of Jersey's food needs. Light taxes and death duties make the island a popular tax haven. Living standards come close to those of the UK. |
| Electricity - consumption | - | 630.1 million kWh (2004 est.) |
| Electricity - imports | - | NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by France |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Ruggeller Riet 430 m
highest point: Vorder-Grauspitz 2,599 m |
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location 143 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | NA |
| Environment - international agreements | party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea |
- |
| Ethnic groups | Alemannic 86%, Italian, Turkish, and other 14% | Jersey 51.1%, Britons 34.8%, Irish, French, and other white 6.6%, Portuguese/Madeiran 6.4%, other 1.1% (2001 census) |
| Exchange rates | Swiss francs per US dollar - 1.1973 (2007), 1.2539 (2006), 1.2452 (2005), 1.2435 (2004), 1.3467 (2003) | Jersey pounds per US dollar - 0.4993 (2007), 0.5418 (2006), 0.5493 (2005), 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003)
note: the Jersey pound is at par with the British pound |
| Executive branch | chief of state: Prince HANS ADAM II (since 13 November 1989, assumed executive powers 26 August 1984); Heir Apparent Prince ALOIS, son of the monarch (born 11 June 1968); note - on 15 August 2004, HANS ADAM transferred the official duties of the ruling prince to ALOIS, but HANS ADAM retains status of chief of state
head of government: Head of Government Otmar HASLER (since 5 April 2001); Deputy Head of Government Klaus TSCHUETSCHER (since 21 April 2005) cabinet: Cabinet elected by the Parliament, confirmed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party in the Landtag is usually appointed the head of government by the monarch and the leader of the largest minority party in the Landtag is usually appointed the deputy head of government by the monarch if there is a coalition government |
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Lieutenant Governor Andrew RIDGEWAY (since 14 June 2006)
head of government: Chief Minister Frank WALKER (since December 2005); Bailiff Philip Martin BAILHACHE (since February 1995) cabinet: Cabinet (since December 2005) elections: ministers of the Cabinet including the chief minister are elected by the Assembly of States; the monarch is hereditary; lieutenant governor and bailiff appointed by the monarch |
| Exports | $2.47 billion (1996) | $NA |
| Exports - commodities | small specialty machinery, connectors for audio and video, parts for motor vehicles, dental products, hardware, prepared foodstuffs, electronic equipment, optical products | light industrial and electrical goods, dairy cattle, foodstuffs, textiles |
| Exports - partners | EU 62.6% (Germany 24.3%, Austria 9.5%, France 8.9%, Italy 6.6%, UK 4.6%), US 18.9%, Switzerland 15.7% (2006) | UK (2006) |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | 1 April - 31 March |
| Flag description | two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a gold crown on the hoist side of the blue band | white with a diagonal red cross extending to the corners of the flag; in the upper quadrant, surmounted by a yellow crown, a red shield with the three lions of England in yellow |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: 6%
industry: 39% services: 55% (2001) |
agriculture: 1%
industry: 2% services: 97% (2005) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 11% (1999 est.) | NA% |
| Geographic coordinates | 47 16 N, 9 32 E | 49 15 N, 2 10 W |
| Geography - note | along with Uzbekistan, one of only two doubly landlocked countries in the world; variety of microclimatic variations based on elevation | largest and southernmost of Channel Islands; about 30% of population concentrated in Saint Helier |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Illicit drugs | has strengthened money laundering controls, but money laundering remains a concern due to Liechtenstein's sophisticated offshore financial services sector | - |
| Imports | $917.3 million (1996) | $NA |
| Imports - commodities | agricultural products, raw materials, energy products, machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles | machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, foodstuffs, mineral fuels, chemicals |
| Imports - partners | EU, Switzerland (2006) | UK (2006) |
| Independence | 23 January 1719 (Principality of Liechtenstein established); 12 July 1806 (independence from the Holy Roman Empire) | none (British crown dependency) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | NA% |
| Industries | electronics, metal manufacturing, dental products, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism, optical instruments | tourism, banking and finance, dairy, electronics |
| Infant mortality rate | total: 4.58 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 6.13 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.02 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.) |
total: 5.08 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 5.44 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 1% (2001) | 3.7% (December 2006) |
| International organization participation | CE, EBRD, EFTA, IAEA, ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WCL, WIPO, WTO | - |
| Irrigated land | NA | NA |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court or Oberster Gerichtshof; Court of Appeal or Obergericht | Royal Court (judges elected by an electoral college and the bailiff) |
| Labor force | 29,500 of whom 13,900 commute from Austria, Switzerland, and Germany to work each day (31 December 2001) | 53,560 (June 2006) |
| Labor force - by occupation | agriculture: 2%
industry: 47% services: 51% (31 December 2001) |
- |
| Land boundaries | total: 76 km
border countries: Austria 34.9 km, Switzerland 41.1 km |
0 km |
| Land use | arable land: 25%
permanent crops: 0% other: 75% (2005) |
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005) |
| Languages | German (official), Alemannic dialect | English 94.5% (official), Portuguese 4.6%, other 0.9% (2001 census) |
| Legal system | local civil and penal codes based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations | the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply and local statutes; justice is administered by the Royal Court |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Parliament or Landtag (25 seats; members are elected by popular vote under proportional representation to serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 11 and 13 March 2005 (next to be held by 2009) election results: percent of vote by party - FBP 48.7%, VU 38.2%, FL 13%; seats by party - FBP 12, VU 10, FL 3 |
unicameral Assembly of the States of Jersey (58 seats; 55 are voting members, of which 12 are senators elected for six-year terms, 12 are constables or heads of parishes elected for three-year terms, 29 are deputies elected for three-year terms, the bailiff and the deputy bailiff, and 3 non-voting members includes the Dean of Jersey, the Attorney General, and the Solicitor General appointed by the monarch)
elections: last held 19 October 2005 for senators and 23 November 2005 for deputies (next to be held in 2008) election results: percent of vote - NA; seats - independents 55 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: 79.81 years
male: 76.24 years female: 83.4 years (2007 est.) |
total population: 79.51 years
male: 77.02 years female: 82.2 years (2007 est.) |
| Literacy | definition: age 10 and over can read and write
total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100% |
definition: NA
total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA% |
| Location | Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland | Western Europe, island in the English Channel, northwest of France |
| Map references | Europe | Europe |
| Maritime claims | none (landlocked) | territorial sea: 3 nm
exclusive fishing zone: 12 nm |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of Switzerland | defense is the responsibility of the UK |
| National holiday | Assumption Day, 15 August | Liberation Day, 9 May (1945) |
| Nationality | noun: Liechtensteiner(s)
adjective: Liechtenstein |
noun: Channel Islander(s)
adjective: Channel Islander |
| Natural hazards | NA | NA |
| Natural resources | hydroelectric potential, arable land | arable land |
| Net migration rate | 4.73 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) | 2.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) |
| Pipelines | gas 20 km (2007) | - |
| Political parties and leaders | Patriotic Union or VU [Adolf HEEB] (was Fatherland Union); Progressive Citizens' Party or FBP [Marcus VOGT]; The Free List or FL [Claudia HEEB-FLECK and Egon MATT] | two declared parties: Centre Party; Jersey Democratic Alliance
note: all senators and deputies elected in 2005 were independents |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | NA | none |
| Population | 34,247 (July 2007 est.) | 91,321 (July 2007 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 0.745% (2007 est.) | 0.244% (2007 est.) |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 0 (1998) | AM NA, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Railways | 9 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified)
note: belongs to the Austrian Railway System connecting Austria and Switzerland (2006) |
- |
| Religions | Roman Catholic 76.2%, Protestant 7%, unknown 10.6%, other 6.2% (June 2002) | Anglican, Roman Catholic, Baptist, Congregational New Church, Methodist, Presbyterian |
| Sex ratio | at birth: 1.01 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 0.979 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.982 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.735 male(s)/female total population: 0.946 male(s)/female (2007 est.) |
at birth: 1.08 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.077 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.991 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.792 male(s)/female total population: 0.971 male(s)/female (2007 est.) |
| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment: automatic telephone system
domestic: NA international: country code - 423; linked to Swiss networks by cable and microwave radio relay |
general assessment: NA
domestic: NA international: submarine cable connectivity to Guernsey and UK |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 20,000 (2005) | 73,900 (2001) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 27,500 (2005) | 83,900 (2004) |
| Television broadcast stations | NA (linked to Swiss networks) (1997) | 2 (1997) |
| Terrain | mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third | gently rolling plain with low, rugged hills along north coast |
| Total fertility rate | 1.51 children born/woman (2007 est.) | 1.58 children born/woman (2007 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 1.3% (September 2002) | 2.2% (2006 est.) |
| Waterways | 28 km (2006) | - |
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