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Compare Libya (2003) - Senegal (2001)

Compare Libya (2003) z Senegal (2001)

 Libya (2003)Senegal (2001)
 LibyaSenegal
Administrative divisions 25 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ajdabiya, Al 'Aziziyah, Al Fatih, Al Jabal al Akhdar, Al Jufrah, Al Khums, Al Kufrah, An Nuqat al Khams, Ash Shati', Awbari, Az Zawiyah, Banghazi, Darnah, Ghadamis, Gharyan, Misratah, Murzuq, Sabha, Sawfajjin, Surt, Tarabulus, Tarhunah, Tubruq, Yafran, Zlitan; note - the 25 municipalities may have been replaced by 13 regions 10 regions (regions, singular - region); Dakar, Diourbel, Fatick, Kaolack, Kolda, Louga, Saint-Louis, Tambacounda, Thies, Ziguinchor
Age structure 0-14 years: 34.5% (male 970,026; female 929,174)


15-64 years: 61.4% (male 1,744,992; female 1,630,399)


65 years and over: 4.1% (male 109,262; female 115,221) (2003 est.)
0-14 years:
44.07% (male 2,279,996; female 2,252,255)

15-64 years:
52.88% (male 2,603,829; female 2,834,328)

65 years and over:
3.05% (male 155,877; female 158,644) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus, vegetables, peanuts, soybeans; cattle peanuts, millet, corn, sorghum, rice, cotton, tomatoes, green vegetables; cattle, poultry, pigs; fish
Airports 136 (2002) 20 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 58


over 3,047 m: 23


2,438 to 3,047 m: 6


1,524 to 2,437 m: 22


914 to 1,523 m: 5


under 914 m: 2 (2002)
total:
10

over 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
7

914 to 1,523 m:
2 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 78


over 3,047 m: 5


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 14


914 to 1,523 m: 39


under 914 m: 18 (2002)
total:
10

1,524 to 2,437 m:
5

914 to 1,523 m:
4

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Area total: 1,759,540 sq km


land: 1,759,540 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total:
196,190 sq km

land:
192,000 sq km

water:
4,190 sq km
Area - comparative slightly larger than Alaska slightly smaller than South Dakota
Background Since he took power in a 1969 military coup, Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI has espoused his own political system - a combination of socialism and Islam - which he calls the Third International Theory. Viewing himself as a revolutionary leader, he used oil funds during the 1970s and 1980s to promote his ideology outside Libya, even supporting subversives and terrorists abroad to hasten the end of Marxism and capitalism. Libyan military adventures failed, e.g., the prolonged foray of Libyan troops into the Aozou Strip in northern Chad was finally repulsed in 1987. Libyan support for terrorism decreased after UN sanctions were imposed in 1992. Those sanctions were suspended in April 1999. Independent from France in 1960, Senegal joined with The Gambia to form the nominal confederation of Senegambia in 1982. However, the envisaged integration of the two countries was never carried out, and the union was dissolved in 1989. Despite peace talks, a southern separatist group sporadically has clashed with government forces since 1982. Senegal has a long history of participating in international peacekeeping.
Birth rate 27.43 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) 37.46 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $13.7 billion


expenditures: $8.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)
revenues:
$885 million

expenditures:
$885 million, including capital expenditures of $125 million (1996 est.)
Capital Tripoli Dakar
Climate Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind
Coastline 1,770 km 531 km
Constitution 11 December 1969, amended 2 March 1977 3 March 1963, revised 1991
Country name conventional long form: Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya


conventional short form: Libya


local long form: Al Jumahiriyah al Arabiyah al Libiyah ash Shabiyah al Ishtirakiyah al Uzma


local short form: none
conventional long form:
Republic of Senegal

conventional short form:
Senegal

local long form:
Republique du Senegal

local short form:
Senegal
Currency Libyan dinar (LYD) Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Death rate 3.49 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) 8.35 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $4.4 billion (2001 est.) $4.1 billion (1998 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US the US suspended all embassy activities in Tripoli on 2 May 1980 chief of mission:
Ambassador Harriet L. ELAM-THOMAS

embassy:
Avenue Jean XXIII at the corner of Rue Kleber, Dakar

mailing address:
B. P. 49, Dakar

telephone:
[221] 823-4296, 823-7384

FAX:
[221] 822-2991
Diplomatic representation in the US Libya does not have an embassy in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Mamadou Mansour SECK

chancery:
2112 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 234-0540
Disputes - international Libya has claimed more than 32,000 sq km in southeastern Algeria and about 25,000 sq km in Niger in currently dormant disputes; various Chadian rebels from the Aozou region reside in southern Libya none
Economic aid - recipient $15 million (2000) $647.5 million (1995)
Economy - overview The socialist-oriented economy depends primarily upon revenues from the oil sector, which contribute practically all export earnings and about one-quarter of GDP. These oil revenues and a small population give Libya one of the highest per capita GDPs in Africa, but little of this income flows down to the lower orders of society. Import restrictions and inefficient resource allocations have led to periodic shortages of basic goods and foodstuffs. The nonoil manufacturing and construction sectors, which account for about 20% of GDP, have expanded from processing mostly agricultural products to include the production of petrochemicals, iron, steel, and aluminum. Climatic conditions and poor soils severely limit agricultural output, and Libya imports about 75% of its food. Higher oil prices in the last three years led to an increase in export revenues, which has improved macroeconomic balances but has done little to stimulate broad-based economic growth. Libya is making slow progress toward economic liberalization and the upgrading of economic infrastructure, but truly market-based reforms will be slow in coming. In January 1994, Senegal undertook a bold and ambitious economic reform program with the support of the international donor community. This reform began with a 50% devaluation of Senegal's currency, the CFA franc, which is linked at a fixed rate to the French franc. Government price controls and subsidies have been steadily dismantled. After seeing its economy contract by 2.1% in 1993, Senegal made an important turnaround, thanks to the reform program, with real growth in GDP averaging 5% annually in 1995-99. Annual inflation has been pushed down to 2%, and the fiscal deficit has been cut to less than 1.5% of GDP. Investment rose steadily from 13.8% of GDP in 1993 to 16.5% in 1997. As a member of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (UEMOA), Senegal is working toward greater regional integration with a unified external tariff. Senegal also realized full Internet connectivity in 1996, creating a miniboom in information technology-based services. Private activity now accounts for 82% of GDP. On the negative side, Senegal faces deep-seated urban problems of chronic unemployment, juvenile delinquency, and drug addiction. Real GDP growth is expected to rise above 6%, while inflation is likely to hold at 2% in 2001-02.
Electricity - consumption 18.77 billion kWh (2001) 1.181 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 20.18 billion kWh (2001) 1.27 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Sabkhat Ghuzayyil -47 m


highest point: Bikku Bitti 2,267 m
lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
unnamed feature near Nepen Diakha 581 m
Environment - current issues desertification; very limited natural fresh water resources; the Great Manmade River Project, the largest water development scheme in the world, is being built to bring water from large aquifers under the Sahara to coastal cities wildlife populations threatened by poaching; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; overfishing
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:
Marine Dumping
Ethnic groups Berber and Arab 97%, Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, Tunisians Wolof 43.3%, Pular 23.8%, Serer 14.7%, Jola 3.7%, Mandinka 3%, Soninke 1.1%, European and Lebanese 1%, other 9.4%
Exchange rates Libyan dinars per US dollar - 1.2 (2003), 0.6 (2002), 0.51 (2001), 0.5 (2000), 0.39 (1999) Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 699.21 (January 2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997), 511.55 (1966); note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro
Executive branch chief of state: Revolutionary Leader Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI (since 1 September 1969); note - holds no official title, but is de facto chief of state


head of government: Secretary of the General People's Committee (Premier) Mubarak al-SHAMEKH (since 2 March 2000)


cabinet: General People's Committee established by the General People's Congress


elections: national elections are indirect through a hierarchy of people's committees; head of government elected by the General People's Congress; election last held 2 March 2000 (next to be held NA)


election results: Mubarak al-SHAMEKH elected premier; percent of General People's Congress vote - NA%
chief of state:
President Abdoulaye WADE (since 1 April 2000)

head of government:
Prime Minister Madior BOYE (since 3 March 2001)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the president

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 27 February and 19 March 2000 (next to be held 27 February 2007); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
Abdoulaye WADE elected president; percent of vote in the second round of voting - Abdoulaye WADE (PDS) 58.49%, Abdou DIOUF (PS) 41.51%
Exports NA (2001) $959 million (f.o.b., 2000)
Exports - commodities crude oil, refined petroleum products (1999) fish, ground nuts (peanuts), petroleum products, phosphates, cotton
Exports - partners Italy 42.6%, Germany 14.1%, Spain 13.6%, Turkey 6.9%, Switzerland 4.4% (2002) France 17%, India 17%, Italy 12%, Spain 6%, Mali 6%, Cote d'Ivoire 4% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description plain green; green is the traditional color of Islam (the state religion) three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red with a small green five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
GDP purchasing power parity - $33.36 billion (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $16 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 9%


industry: 45%


services: 46% (2001 est.)
agriculture:
19%

industry:
20%

services:
61% (1997 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $6,200 (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $1,600 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 1.2% (2002 est.) 5.7% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 25 00 N, 17 00 E 14 00 N, 14 00 W
Geography - note more than 90% of the country is desert or semidesert The Gambia is almost an enclave of Senegal
Heliports 1 (2002) -
Highways total: 83,200 km


paved: 47,590 km


unpaved: 35,610 km (1999 est.)
total:
14,576 km

paved:
4,271 km

unpaved:
10,305 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%:
1.4%

highest 10%:
42.8% (1991)
Illicit drugs - transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin moving to Europe and North America; illicit cultivator of cannabis
Imports NA (2001) $1.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Imports - commodities machinery, transport equipment, food, manufactured goods (1999) foods and beverages, consumer goods, capital goods, petroleum products
Imports - partners Italy 25.6%, Germany 9.8%, South Korea 6.6%, UK 6.6%, Tunisia 6.5%, Japan 6.4%, France 5.7% (2002) France 30%, Nigeria 7%, Italy 6%, Thailand 5%, Germany 4%, US 4% (1999)
Independence 24 December 1951 (from Italy) 4 April 1960 (from France); complete independence was achieved upon dissolution of federation with Mali on 20 August 1960
Industrial production growth rate NA% 7% (1998 est.)
Industries petroleum, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining, fertilizer production, petroleum refining, construction materials
Infant mortality rate total: 26.8 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 29.16 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 24.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
56.75 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1% (2001 est.) 1.5% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, CAEU, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAU, OIC, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MINURSO, MIPONUH, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNTAET, UPU, WADB, WAEMU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2002) 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 4,700 sq km (1998 est.) 710 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court Constitutional Court; Council of State; Court of Final Appeals or Cour de Cassation; Court of Appeals; note-the judicial system was reformed in 1992
Labor force 1.5 million (2000 est.) NA
Labor force - by occupation services 54%, industry 29%, agriculture 17% (1997 est.) agriculture 60%
Land boundaries total: 4,348 km


border countries: Algeria 982 km, Chad 1,055 km, Egypt 1,115 km, Niger 354 km, Sudan 383 km, Tunisia 459 km
total:
2,640 km

border countries:
The Gambia 740 km, Guinea 330 km, Guinea-Bissau 338 km, Mali 419 km, Mauritania 813 km
Land use arable land: 1.03%


permanent crops: 0.17%


other: 98.8% (1998 est.)
arable land:
12%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
16%

forests and woodland:
54%

other:
18% (1993 est.)
Languages Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood in the major cities French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka
Legal system based on Italian civil law system and Islamic law; separate religious courts; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on French civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court; the Council of State audits the government's accounting office; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral General People's Congress (NA seats; members elected indirectly through a hierarchy of people's committees) unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (120 seats; members are elected by direct popular vote to serve five-year terms)

note:
the former National Assembly, dissolved in the spring of 2001, had 140 seats

elections:
last held 29 April 2001 (next to be held NA 2006)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - SOPI Coalition 89, AFP 11, PS 10, other 10
Life expectancy at birth total population: 76.07 years


male: 73.91 years


female: 78.34 years (2003 est.)
total population:
62.56 years

male:
60.94 years

female:
64.22 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 82.6%


male: 92.4%


female: 72% (2003 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
33.1%

male:
43%

female:
23.2% (1995 est.)
Location Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Tunisia Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania
Map references Africa Africa
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 NM


note: Gulf of Sidra closing line - 32 degrees, 30 minutes north
contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total: 21 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 130,081 GRT/115,480 DWT


ships by type: cargo 9, liquefied gas 3, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 4, short-sea passenger 4


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Algeria 1, Kuwait 1, UAE 1 (2002 est.)
-
Military branches Armed Peoples on Duty (Army), Navy, Air and Air Defense Command (includes Air Force) Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, National Police (Surete Nationale)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $1.3 billion (FY99) $68 million (FY97)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 3.9% (FY99) 1.4% (FY97)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 1,546,432 (2003 est.) males age 15-49:
2,311,063 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 914,649 (2003 est.) males age 15-49:
1,207,360 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age 17 years of age (2003 est.) 18 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 61,511 (2003 est.) males:
114,189 (2001 est.)
National holiday Revolution Day, 1 September (1969) Independence Day, 4 April (1960)
Nationality noun: Libyan(s)


adjective: Libyan
noun:
Senegalese (singular and plural)

adjective:
Senegalese
Natural hazards hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts
Natural resources petroleum, natural gas, gypsum fish, phosphates, iron ore
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) 0.21 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines condensate 225 km; gas 3,196 km; oil 6,872 km (2003) -
Political parties and leaders none African Party for Democracy and Socialism or And Jef (also known as PADS/AJ) [Landing SAVANE, secretary general]; African Party of Independence [Majhemout DIOP]; Alliance of Forces of Progress or AFP [Moustapha NIASSE]; Democratic and Patriotic Convention or CDP (also known as Garab-Gi) [Dr. Iba Der THIAM]; Democratic League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT [Dr. Abdoulaye BATHILY]; Front for Socialism and Democracy or FSD [Cheikh Abdoulaye DIEYE]; Gainde Centrist Bloc or BGC [Jean-Paul DIAS]; Independence and Labor Party or PIT [Amath DANSOKHO]; National Democratic Rally or RND [Madier DIOUF]; Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS [Abdoulaye WADE]; Senegalese Democratic Party-Renewal or PDS-R [Serigne Lamine DIOP, secretary general]; Senegalese Democratic Union-Renewal or UDS-R [Mamadou Puritain FALL]; Socialist Party or PS [President Abdou DIOUF]; SOPI Coalition (a 40-party coalition led by the PDS) [Abdoulaye WADE]; Union for Democratic Renewal or URD [Djibo Leyti KA]; other small parties
Political pressure groups and leaders various Arab nationalist movements with almost negligible memberships may be functioning clandestinely, as well as some Islamic elements labor; Muslim brotherhoods; students; teachers
Population 5,499,074


note: includes 166,510 non-nationals (July 2003 est.)
10,284,929 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 2.39% (2003 est.) 2.93% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Al Khums, Banghazi, Darnah, Marsa al Burayqah, Misratah, Ra's Lanuf, Tobruk, Tripoli, Zuwarah Dakar, Kaolack, Matam, Podor, Richard Toll, Saint-Louis, Ziguinchor
Radio broadcast stations AM 16, FM 3, shortwave 3 (2002) AM 10, FM 14, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 1.24 million (1997)
Railways 0 km total:
906 km

narrow gauge:
906 km 1.000-meter gauge (70 km double track)
Religions Sunni Muslim 97% Muslim 92%, indigenous beliefs 6%, Christian 2% (mostly Roman Catholic)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.95 male(s)/female


total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.92 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.98 male(s)/female

total population:
0.96 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal and compulsory 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: telecommunications system is being modernized; mobile cellular telephone system became operational in 1996


domestic: microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, cellular, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations


international: satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat, NA Arabsat, and NA Intersputnik; submarine cables to France and Italy; microwave radio relay to Tunisia and Egypt; tropospheric scatter to Greece; participant in Medarabtel (1999)
general assessment:
good system

domestic:
above-average urban system; microwave radio relay, coaxial cable and fiber-optic cable in trunk system

international:
4 submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 500,000 (1998) 116,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 20,000 (1998) 1,149 (1996)
Television broadcast stations 12 (plus one low-power repeater) (1999) 1 (1997)
Terrain mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in southeast
Total fertility rate 3.49 children born/woman (2003 est.) 5.12 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 30% (2001) NA%; urban youth 40%
Waterways none 897 km

note:
785 km on the Senegal river, and 112 km on the Saloum river
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