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Compare Lesotho (2004) - Uganda (2001)

Compare Lesotho (2004) z Uganda (2001)

 Lesotho (2004)Uganda (2001)
 LesothoUganda
Administrative divisions 10 districts; Berea, Butha-Buthe, Leribe, Mafeteng, Maseru, Mohale's Hoek, Mokhotlong, Qacha's Nek, Quthing, Thaba-Tseka 45 districts; Adjumani, Apac, Arua, Bugiri, Bundibugyo, Bushenyi, Busia, Gulu, Hoima, Iganga, Jinja, Kabale, Kabarole, Kalangala, Kampala, Kamuli, Kapchorwa, Kasese, Katakwi, Kibale, Kiboga, Kisoro, Kitgum, Kotido, Kumi, Lira, Luwero, Masaka, Masindi, Mbale, Mbarara, Moroto, Moyo, Mpigi, Mubende, Mukono, Nakasongola, Nebbi, Ntungamo, Pallisa, Rakai, Rukungiri, Sembabule, Soroti, Tororo
Age structure 0-14 years: 37.3% (male 350,288; female 345,815)


15-64 years: 57.2% (male 521,434; female 545,183)


65 years and over: 5.5% (male 41,903; female 60,417) (2004 est.)
0-14 years:
51.08% (male 6,150,038; female 6,100,880)

15-64 years:
46.78% (male 5,613,499; female 5,607,526)

65 years and over:
2.14% (male 244,216; female 269,553) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products corn, wheat, pulses, sorghum, barley; livestock coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco, cassava (tapioca), potatoes, corn, millet, pulses; beef, goat meat, milk, poultry
Airports 28 (2003 est.) 28 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 3


over 3,047 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
total:
4

over 3,047 m:
3

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 25


914 to 1,523 m: 4


under 914 m: 21 (2004 est.)
total:
24

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
6

914 to 1,523 m:
9

under 914 m:
8 (2000 est.)
Area total: 30,355 sq km


land: 30,355 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total:
236,040 sq km

land:
199,710 sq km

water:
36,330 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Maryland slightly smaller than Oregon
Background Basutoland was renamed the Kingdom of Lesotho upon independence from the UK in 1966. King MOSHOESHOE was exiled in 1990. Constitutional government was restored in 1993 after 23 years of military rule. In 1998, violent protests and a military mutiny following a contentious election prompted a brief but bloody South African military intervention. Constitutional reforms have since restored political stability; peaceful parliamentary elections were held in 2002. Uganda achieved independence from the UK in 1962. The dictatorial regime of Idi AMIN (1971-79) was responsible for the deaths of some 300,000 opponents; guerrilla war and human rights abuses under Milton OBOTE (1980-85) claimed another 100,000 lives. During the 1990s the government promulgated non-party presidential and legislative elections.
Birth rate 26.91 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) 47.52 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $625.4 million


expenditures: $675.2 million, including capital expenditures of $15 million (2003 est.)
revenues:
$959 million

expenditures:
$1.04 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY98/99 est.)
Capital Maseru Kampala
Climate temperate; cool to cold, dry winters; hot, wet summers tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution 2 April 1993 8 October 1995; adopted by the interim, 284-member Constituent Assembly, charged with debating the draft constitution that had been proposed in May 1993; the Constituent Assembly was dissolved upon the promulgation of the constitution in October 1995
Country name conventional long form: Kingdom of Lesotho


conventional short form: Lesotho


former: Basutoland
conventional long form:
Republic of Uganda

conventional short form:
Uganda
Currency loti (LSL); South African rand (ZAR) Ugandan shilling (UGX)
Death rate 24.79 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) 17.97 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $735 million (2002) $3.6 billion (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Robert G. LOFTIS


embassy: 254 Kingsway, Maseru West (Consular Section)


mailing address: P. O. Box 333, Maseru 100, Lesotho


telephone: [266] 312666


FAX: [266] 310116
chief of mission:
Ambassador Martin G. BRENNAN

embassy:
Parliament Avenue, Kampala

mailing address:
P. O. Box 7007, Kampala

telephone:
[256] (41) 259792, 259793, 259795

FAX:
[256] (41) 259794
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Molelekeng E. RAPOLAKI


chancery: 2511 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 797-5533 through 5536


FAX: [1] (202) 234-6815
chief of mission:
Ambassador Edith Grace SSEMPALA

chancery:
5911 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20011

telephone:
[1] (202) 726-7100 through 7102, 0416

FAX:
[1] (202) 726-1727
Disputes - international none the Ugandan military is deployed to the Democratic Republic of Congo in support of rebel forces in that country's civil war; a resurvey of the latitudinal boundary with Tanzania in 2000 revealed a 300-meter discrepancy that both sides are currently adjudicating
Economic aid - donor ODA $4.4 million -
Economic aid - recipient $41.5 million (2000) $1.4 billion (2000)
Economy - overview Small, landlocked, and mountainous, Lesotho relies on remittances from miners employed in South Africa and customs duties from the Southern Africa Customs Union for the majority of government revenue, but the government has strengthened its tax system to reduce dependency on customs duties. Completion of a major hydropower facility in January 1998 now permits the sale of water to South Africa, also generating royalties for Lesotho. As the number of mineworkers has declined steadily over the past several years, a small manufacturing base has developed based on farm products that support the milling, canning, leather, and jute industries and a rapidly growing apparel-assembly sector. The economy is still primarily based on subsistence agriculture, especially livestock, although drought has decreased agricultural activity. The extreme inequality in the distribution of income remains a major drawback. Lesotho has signed an Interim Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility with the IMF. Uganda has substantial natural resources, including fertile soils, regular rainfall, and sizable mineral deposits of copper and cobalt. Agriculture is the most important sector of the economy, employing over 80% of the work force. Coffee is the major export crop and accounts for the bulk of export revenues. Since 1986, the government - with the support of foreign countries and international agencies - has acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy by undertaking currency reform, raising producer prices on export crops, increasing prices of petroleum products, and improving civil service wages. The policy changes are especially aimed at dampening inflation and boosting production and export earnings. In 1990-2000, the economy turned in a solid performance based on continued investment in the rehabilitation of infrastructure, improved incentives for production and exports, reduced inflation, gradually improved domestic security, and the return of exiled Indian-Ugandan entrepreneurs. Ongoing Ugandan involvement in the war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, corruption within the government, and slippage in the government's determination to press reforms raise doubts about the continuation of strong growth. In 2000, Uganda qualified for enhanced HIPC debt relief worth $1.3 billion and Paris Club debt relief worth $145 million. These amounts combined with the original Highly Indebted Poor Countries HIPC debt relief add up to about $2 billion. Growth for 2001 should be somewhat lower than in 2000, because of a decline in the price of coffee, Uganda's principal export.
Electricity - consumption 40 million kWh (2001) 1.06 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) 174 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 40 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by South Africa (2001) 1 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 0 kWh NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by South Africa (2001) 1.326 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
0.98%

hydro:
99.02%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: junction of the Orange and Makhaleng Rivers 1,400 m


highest point: Thabana Ntlenyana 3,482 m
lowest point:
Lake Albert 621 m

highest point:
Margherita Peak on Mount Stanley 5,110 m
Environment - current issues population pressure forcing settlement in marginal areas results in overgrazing, severe soil erosion, and soil exhaustion; desertification; Highlands Water Project controls, stores, and redirects water to South Africa draining of wetlands for agricultural use; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; water hyacinth infestation in Lake Victoria; poaching is widespread
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Environmental Modification
Ethnic groups Sotho 99.7%, Europeans, Asians, and other 0.3%, Baganda 17%, Karamojong 12%, Basogo 8%, Iteso 8%, Langi 6%, Rwanda 6%, Bagisu 5%, Acholi 4%, Lugbara 4%, Bunyoro 3%, Batoro 3%, non-African (European, Asian, Arab) 1%, other 23%
Exchange rates maloti per US dollar - 7.5648 (2003), 10.5407 (2002), 8.6092 (2001), 6.9398 (2000), 6.1095 (1999) Ugandan shillings per US dollar - 1,700 (February 2001), 1,830.4 (January 2001), 1,644.5 (2000), 1,454.8 (1999), 1,240.2 (1998), 1,083.0 (1997), 1,046.1 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: King LETSIE III (since 7 February 1996); note - King LETSIE III formerly occupied the throne from November 1990 to February 1995, while his father was in exile


head of government: Prime Minister Pakalitha MOSISILI (since 23 May 1998)


cabinet: Cabinet


elections: none; according to the constitution, the leader of the majority party in the Assembly automatically becomes prime minister; the monarch is hereditary, but, under the terms of the constitution, which came into effect after the March 1993 election, the monarch is a "living symbol of national unity" with no executive or legislative powers; under traditional law the college of chiefs has the power to determine who is next in the line of succession, who shall serve as regent in the event that the successor is not of mature age, and may even depose the monarch
chief of state:
President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power 29 January 1986); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power 29 January 1986); Prime Minister Apollo NSIBAMBI (since 5 April 1999); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; the prime minister assists the president in the supervision of the cabinet

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president from among elected legislators

elections:
president reelected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 12 March 2001 (next to be held NA 2006); note - first popular election for president since independence in 1962 was held in 1996; prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI elected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI 69.3%, Kizza BESIGYE 27.8%
Exports NA (2001) $500.1 million (f.o.b., 1999)
Exports - commodities manufactures 75% (clothing, footwear, road vehicles), wool and mohair, food and live animals (2000) coffee, fish and fish products, tea; electrical products, iron and steel
Exports - partners US 97.6%, Canada 1.5%, France 0.5% (2003) Spain, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Hungary, Kenya (1999)
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March 1 July - 30 June
Flag description divided diagonally from the lower hoist side corner; the upper half is white, bearing the brown silhouette of a large shield with crossed spear and club; the lower half is a diagonal blue band with a green triangle in the corner six equal horizontal bands of black (top), yellow, red, black, yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at the center and depicts a red-crested crane (the national symbol) facing the hoist side
GDP purchasing power parity - $5.583 billion (2003 est.) purchasing power parity - $26.2 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 15.3%


industry: 43.3%


services: 41.4% (2003)
agriculture:
43%

industry:
17%

services:
40% (1998 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $3,000 (2003 est.) purchasing power parity - $1,100 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 4% (2003 est.) 6% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 29 30 S, 28 30 E 1 00 N, 32 00 E
Geography - note landlocked, completely surrounded by South Africa; mountainous, more than 80% of the country is 1,800 meters above sea level landlocked
Heliports - 1 (2000 est.)
Highways total: 5,940 km


paved: 1,087 km


unpaved: 4,853 km (1999)
total:
27,000 km

paved:
1,800 km

unpaved:
25,200 km (of which about 4200 km are all-weather roads) (1990)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 0.9%


highest 10%: 43.4%
lowest 10%:
3%

highest 10%:
33.4% (1992)
Imports NA (2001) $1.1 billion (f.o.b., 1999)
Imports - commodities food; building materials, vehicles, machinery, medicines, petroleum products (2000) vehicles, petroleum, medical supplies; cereals
Imports - partners Hong Kong 36.6%, Taiwan 36.2%, China 12%, Germany 9.9% (2003) Kenya 27.5%, US 21.2%, France 19.3, UK 5%, India 4% (1999)
Independence 4 October 1966 (from UK) 9 October 1962 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 15.5% (1999) 7% (1999)
Industries food, beverages, textiles, apparel assembly, handicrafts; construction; tourism sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton textiles, cement
Infant mortality rate total: 85.22 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 90.19 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 80.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
91.3 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 6.1% (2003 est.) 6.5% (2000)
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, AU, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, EADB, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 2 (2000)
Irrigated land 10 sq km (1998 est.) 90 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch High Court (chief justice appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal; Magistrate's Court; customary or traditional court Court of Appeal (judges are appointed by the president and approved by the legislature); High Court (judges are appointed by the president)
Labor force 838,000 (2000) 8.361 million (1993 est.)
Labor force - by occupation 86% of resident population engaged in subsistence agriculture; roughly 35% of the active male wage earners work in South Africa agriculture 82%, industry 5%, services 13% (1999 est.)
Land boundaries total: 909 km


border countries: South Africa 909 km
total:
2,698 km

border countries:
Democratic Republic of the Congo 765 km, Kenya 933 km, Rwanda 169 km, Sudan 435 km, Tanzania 396 km
Land use arable land: 10.87%


permanent crops: 0.13%


other: 89% (2001)
arable land:
25%

permanent crops:
9%

permanent pastures:
9%

forests and woodland:
28%

other:
29% (1993 est.)
Languages Sesotho (southern Sotho), English (official), Zulu, Xhosa English (official national language, taught in grade schools, used in courts of law and by most newspapers and some radio broadcasts), Ganda or Luganda (most widely used of the Niger-Congo languages, preferred for native language publications in the capital and may be taught in school), other Niger-Congo languages, Nilo-Saharan languages, Swahili, Arabic
Legal system based on English common law and Roman-Dutch law; judicial review of legislative acts in High Court and Court of Appeal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction in 1995, the government restored the legal system to one based on English common law and customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (33 members - 22 principal chiefs and 11 other members appointed by the ruling party) and the Assembly (120 seats, 80 by direct popular vote and 40 by proportional vote; members elected by popular vote for five-year terms); note - number of seats in the Assembly rose from 80 to 120 in the May 2002 election


elections: last held 25 May 2002 (next to be held NA May 2007)


election results: percent of vote by party - LCD 54%, BNP 21%, LPC 7%, other 18%; seats by party - LCD 76, BNP 21, LPC 5, other 18
unicameral National Assembly (276 members - 214 directly elected by popular vote, 62 nominated by legally established special interest groups and approved by the president - women 39, army 10, disabled 5, youth 5, labor 3; members serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 27 June 1996 (next to be held May or June 2001);

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; note - election campaigning by party was not permitted
Life expectancy at birth total population: 36.81 years


male: 36.81 years


female: 36.81 years (2004 est.)
total population:
43.37 years

male:
42.59 years

female:
44.17 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 84.8%


male: 74.5%


female: 94.5% (2003 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
61.8%

male:
73.7%

female:
50.2% (1995 est.)
Location Southern Africa, an enclave of South Africa Eastern Africa, west of Kenya
Map references Africa Africa
Maritime claims none (landlocked) none (landlocked)
Merchant marine - total:
3 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,091 GRT/8,229 DWT

ships by type:
roll on/roll off

note:
these ships are in cargo and passenger service on Uganda's inland waterways (2000 est.)
Military - note the Lesotho Government in 1999 began an open debate on the future structure, size, and role of the armed forces, especially considering the Lesotho Defense Force's (LDF) history of intervening in political affairs -
Military branches Lesotho Defense Force (LDF; with Army and Air Wing) Army, Air Wing, Marine Unit
Military expenditures - dollar figure $32.5 million (2003) $95 million (FY98/99)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 2.6% (2003) 1.9% (FY98/99)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 465,827 (2004 est.) males age 15-49:
5,118,755 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 253,974 (2004 est.) males age 15-49:
2,778,457 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 4 October (1966) Independence Day, 9 October (1962)
Nationality noun: Mosotho (singular), Basotho (plural)


adjective: Basotho
noun:
Ugandan(s)

adjective:
Ugandan
Natural hazards periodic droughts NA
Natural resources water, agricultural and grazing land, some diamonds and other minerals copper, cobalt, hydropower, limestone, salt, arable land
Net migration rate -0.74 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) -0.29 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

note:
according to the UNHCR, by the end of 1999, Uganda was host to 218,000 refugees from a number of neighboring countries, including: Sudan 200,600, Rwanda 8,000, and Democratic Republic of the Congo 8,000
Political parties and leaders Basotho Congress Party or BCP [Tseliso MAKHAKHE]; Basotho National Party or BNP [Maj. Gen. Justine Metsing LEKHANYA]; Lesotho Congress for Democracy or LCD [Phebe MOTEBANO, chairwoman; Pakalitha MOSISILI, leader] - the governing party; Lesotho People's Congress or LPC [Kelebone MAOPE]; United Democratic Party or UDP [Charles MOFELI]; Marematlou Freedom Party or MFP and Setlamo Alliance [Vincent MALEBO]; Progressive National Party or PNP [Chief Peete Nkoebe PEETE]; Sefate Democratic Party or SDP [Bofihla NKUEBE] only one political organization, the National Resistance Movement or NRM [President MUSEVENI, chairman] is allowed to operate unfettered; note - the president maintains that the NRM is not a political party, but a movement which claims the loyalty of all Ugandans

note:
the new constitution requires the suspension of political parties while the Movement system is in governanace; of the political parties that exist but are prohibited from sponsoring candidates, the most important are the Ugandan People's Congress or UPC [Milton OBOTE]; Democratic Party or DP [Paul SSEMOGERERE]; Conservative Party or CP [Joshua S. MAYANJA-NKANGI]; Justice Forum [Muhammad Kibirige MAYANJA]; and National Democrats Forum [Chapaa KARUHANGA]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 1,865,040


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.)
23,985,712

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 49% (1999) 55% (1993 est.)
Population growth rate 0.14% (2004 est.) 2.93% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors none Entebbe, Jinja, Port Bell
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1 (1998) AM 19, FM 4, shortwave 5 (1998)
Radios - 2.6 million (1997)
Railways - total:
1,241 km

narrow gauge:
1,241 km 1.000-m gauge

note:
a program to rehabilitate the railroad is underway (1995)
Religions Christian 80%, indigenous beliefs 20% Roman Catholic 33%, Protestant 33%, Muslim 16%, indigenous beliefs 18%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female


total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.91 male(s)/female

total population:
1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: rudimentary system


domestic: consists of a few landlines, a small microwave radio relay system, and a minor radiotelephone communication system; a cellular mobile telephone system is growing


international: country code - 266; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment:
seriously inadequate; two cellular systems have been introduced, but a sharp increase in the number of main lines is essential; e-mail and Internet services are available

domestic:
intercity traffic by wire, microwave radio relay, and radiotelephone communication stations, fixed and mobile cellular systems for short range traffic

international:
satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Inmarsat; analog links to Kenya and Tanzania
Telephones - main lines in use 28,600 (2002) 50,074; however, 80,868 main lines were installed (1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular 92,000 (2002) 9,000 (1998)
Television broadcast stations 1 (2000) 8 (plus one low-power repeater) (1999)
Terrain mostly highland with plateaus, hills, and mountains mostly plateau with rim of mountains
Total fertility rate 3.44 children born/woman (2004 est.) 6.88 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 45% (2002) NA%
Waterways - Lake Victoria, Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, Lake George, Lake Edward, Victoria Nile, Albert Nile
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