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Compare Jersey (2001) - Turkmenistan (2002)
Compare Jersey (2001) z Turkmenistan (2002)
| Jersey (2001) | Turkmenistan (2002) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | none (British crown dependency) | 5 provinces (welayatlar, singular - welayat): Ahal Welayaty (Ashgabat), Balkan Welayaty (Balkanabat), Dasoguz Welayaty, Labap Welayaty (Turkmenabat), Mary Welayaty
note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
17.77% (male 8,214; female 7,667) 15-64 years: 67.59% (male 30,065; female 30,331) 65 years and over: 14.64% (male 5,603; female 7,481) (2001 est.) |
0-14 years: 37.3% (male 895,536; female 853,301)
15-64 years: 58.6% (male 1,350,142; female 1,399,879) 65 years and over: 4.1% (male 72,784; female 117,321) (2002 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | potatoes, cauliflower, tomatoes; beef, dairy products | cotton, grain; livestock |
| Airports | 1 (2000 est.) | 76 (2001) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
total: 13
2,438 to 3,047 m: 9 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 (2002) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | - | total: 63
2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 1,524 to 2,437 m: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 10 under 914 m: 41 (2002) |
| Area | total:
116 sq km land: 116 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 488,100 sq km
land: 488,100 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | about 0.7 times the size of Washington, DC | slightly larger than California |
| Background | The island of Jersey and the other Channel Islands represent the last remnants of the medieval Dukedom of Normandy that held sway in both France and England. These islands were the only British soil occupied by German troops in World War II. | Annexed by Russia between 1865 and 1885, Turkmenistan became a Soviet republic in 1925. It achieved its independence upon the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. President NIYAZOV retains absolute control over the country and opposition is not tolerated. Extensive hydrocarbon/natural gas reserves could prove a boon to this underdeveloped country if extraction and delivery projects can be worked out. |
| Birth rate | 11.28 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 28.27 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Budget | revenues:
$601 million expenditures: $588 million, including capital expenditures of $98 million (2000 est.) |
revenues: $588.6 million
expenditures: $658.2 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.) (1999 est.) |
| Capital | Saint Helier | Ashgabat |
| Climate | temperate; mild winters and cool summers | subtropical desert |
| Coastline | 70 km | 0 km; note - Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea (1,768 km) |
| Constitution | unwritten; partly statutes, partly common law and practice | adopted 18 May 1992 |
| Country name | conventional long form:
Bailiwick of Jersey conventional short form: Jersey |
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Turkmenistan local long form: none local short form: Turkmenistan former: Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic |
| Currency | British pound (GBP); note - there is also a Jersey pound | Turkmen manat (TMM) |
| Death rate | 9.27 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 8.92 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Debt - external | none | $2.3 billion to $5 billion (2001 est.) |
| Dependency status | British crown dependency | - |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | none (British crown dependency) | chief of mission: Ambassador Laura E. KENNEDY
embassy: 9 Pushkin Street, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan 774000 mailing address: use embassy street address telephone: [9] (9312) 35-00-45 FAX: [9] (9312) 39-26-14 |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (British crown dependency) | chief of mission: Ambassador Mered Bairamovich ORAZOV
chancery: 2207 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 588-1500 FAX: [1] (202) 588-0697 |
| Disputes - international | none | Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan wrestle with sharing limited water resources and regional environmental degradation caused by the shrinking of the Aral Sea; multilaterally-accepted Caspian Sea seabed and maritime boundaries have not yet been established in the Caspian - Iran insists on division of Caspian Sea into five equal sectors while Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Turkmenistan have generally agreed upon equidistant seabed boundaries; Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan await ICJ decision to resolve sovereignty dispute over oil fields in the Caspian Sea |
| Economic aid - recipient | none | $16 million from the US (2001) |
| Economy - overview | The economy is based largely on international financial services, agriculture, and tourism. Potatoes, cauliflower, tomatoes, and especially flowers are important export crops, shipped mostly to the UK. The Jersey breed of dairy cattle is known worldwide and represents an important export income earner. Milk products go to the UK and other EU countries. In 1996 the finance sector accounted for about 60% of the island's output. Tourism, another mainstay of the economy, accounts for 24% of GDP. In recent years, the government has encouraged light industry to locate in Jersey, with the result that an electronics industry has developed alongside the traditional manufacturing of knitwear. All raw material and energy requirements are imported, as well as a large share of Jersey's food needs. Light taxes and death duties make the island a popular tax haven. | Turkmenistan is largely desert country with intensive agriculture in irrigated oases and huge gas (fifth largest reserves in the world) and oil resources. One-half of its irrigated land is planted in cotton, making it the world's tenth largest producer. Until the end of 1993, Turkmenistan had experienced less economic disruption than other former Soviet states because its economy received a boost from higher prices for oil and gas and a sharp increase in hard currency earnings. In 1994, Russia's refusal to export Turkmen gas to hard currency markets and mounting debts of its major customers in the former USSR for gas deliveries contributed to a sharp fall in industrial production and caused the budget to shift from a surplus to a slight deficit. With an authoritarian ex-Communist regime in power and a tribally based social structure, Turkmenistan has taken a cautious approach to economic reform, hoping to use gas and cotton sales to sustain its inefficient economy. Privatization goals remain limited. In 1998-2001, Turkmenistan has suffered from the continued lack of adequate export routes for natural gas and from obligations on extensive short-term external debt. At the same time, however, total exports have risen sharply because of higher international oil and gas prices. Prospects in the near future are discouraging because of widespread internal poverty, the burden of foreign debt, and the unwillingness of the government to adopt market-oriented reforms. However, Turkmenistan's cooperation with the international community in transporting humanitarian aid to Afghanistan may foreshadow a change in the atmosphere for foreign investment, aid, and technological support. Turkmenistan's economic statistics are state secrets, and GDP and other figures are subject to wide margins of error. |
| Electricity - consumption | - | 7.708 billion kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - exports | - | 900 million kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - imports | NA kWh
note: electricity supplied by France |
0 kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production | - | 9.256 billion kWh (2000) |
| Electricity - production by source | - | fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 143 m |
lowest point: Vpadina Akchanaya -81 m; note - Sarygamysh Koli is a lake in northern Turkmenistan with a water level that fluctuates above and below the elevation of Vpadina Akchanaya (the lake has dropped as low as -110 m)
highest point: Gora Ayribaba 3,139 m |
| Environment - current issues | NA | contamination of soil and groundwater with agricultural chemicals, pesticides; salination, water-logging of soil due to poor irrigation methods; Caspian Sea pollution; diversion of a large share of the flow of the Amu Darya into irrigation contributes to that river's inability to replenish the Aral Sea; desertification |
| Environment - international agreements | - | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Ethnic groups | UK and Norman-French descent | Turkmen 77%, Uzbek 9.2%, Russian 6.7%, Kazakh 2%, other 5.1% (1995) |
| Exchange rates | Jersey pounds per US dollar - 0.6764 (January 2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6106 (1997), 0.6403 (1996); the Jersey pound is at par with the British pound | Turkmen manats per US dollar - 5,200 (January 2002-January 2000), 5,350 (January 1999), 4,070 (January 1997) |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Lieutenant Governor and Commander in Chief Air Chief Marshall Sir John CHESHIRE (since 24 January 2001) and Bailiff Philip Martin BAILHACHE (since NA February 1995) cabinet: committees appointed by the Assembly of the States elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; lieutenant governor and bailiff appointed by the monarch |
chief of state: President and Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers Saparmurat NIYAZOV (since 27 October 1990, when the first direct presidential election occurred); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President and Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers Saparmurat NIYAZOV (since 27 October 1990, when the first direct presidential election occurred); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president note: NIYAZOV's term in office was extended indefinitely on 28 December 1999 by the Assembly (Majlis) during a session of the People's Council (Halk Maslahaty) elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 21 June 1992 (next to be held NA); note - President NIYAZOV was unanimously approved as president for life by the Assembly on 28 December 1999); deputy chairmen of the cabinet of ministers are appointed by the president election results: Saparmurat NIYAZOV elected president without opposition; percent of vote - Saparmurat NIYAZOV 99.5% |
| Exports | $NA | $2.7 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.) |
| Exports - commodities | light industrial and electrical goods, foodstuffs, textiles | gas 33%, oil 30%, cotton fiber 18%, textiles 8% (1999) |
| Exports - partners | UK | Ukraine 27%, Iran 14%, Turkey 11%, Italy 9%, Switzerland 5% (1999) |
| Fiscal year | 1 April - 31 March | calendar year |
| Flag description | white with a diagonal red cross extending to the corners of the flag and in the upper quadrant, surmounted by a yellow crown, a red shield holding the three lions of England in yellow | green field with a vertical red stripe near the hoist side, containing five carpet guls (designs used in producing rugs) stacked above two crossed olive branches similar to the olive branches on the UN flag; a white crescent moon and five white stars appear in the upper corner of the field just to the fly side of the red stripe |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $2.2 billion (1999 est.) | purchasing power parity - $21.5 billion (2001 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
5% industry: 2% services: 93% (1996) |
agriculture: 27%
industry: 45% services: 28% (2000 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $24,800 (1999 est.) | purchasing power parity - $4,700 (2001 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | NA% | 10% (2001 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 49 15 N, 2 10 W | 40 00 N, 60 00 E |
| Geography - note | largest and southernmost of Channel Islands; about 30% of population concentrated in Saint Helier | landlocked; the western and central low-lying, desolate portions of the country make up the great Garagum (Kara-Kum) desert, which occupies over 80% of the country; eastern part is plateau |
| Highways | total:
577 km (1995) paved: NA km unpaved: NA km |
total: 22,000 km
paved: 18,000 km (includes some all-weather gravel-surfaced roads) unpaved: 4,000 km (these roads are made of unstabilized earth and are difficult to negotiate in wet weather) (1996) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%: 3%
highest 10%: 32% (1998) (1998) |
| Illicit drugs | - | transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited illicit cultivation of opium poppy for domestic consumption; small-scale government-run eradication of illicit crops; transit point for heroin precursor chemicals bound for Afghanistan |
| Imports | $NA | $2.3 billion c.i.f. (2001 est.) |
| Imports - commodities | machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, foodstuffs, mineral fuels, chemicals | machinery and equipment 60%, foodstuffs 15% (1999) |
| Imports - partners | UK | Turkey 17%, Ukraine 12%, Russia 11%, UAE 8%, France 6% (1999) |
| Independence | none (British crown dependency) | 27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | NA% |
| Industries | tourism, banking and finance, dairy | natural gas, oil, petroleum products, textiles, food processing |
| Infant mortality rate | 5.62 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) | 73.21 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 4.7% (1998) | 10% (2001 est.) |
| International organization participation | - | AsDB, CCC, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer) |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | NA | NA |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | 18,000 sq km (1998 est.) |
| Judicial branch | Royal Court (judges elected by an electoral college and the bailiff) | Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president) |
| Labor force | 57,050 (1996) | 2.34 million (1996) (1996) |
| Labor force - by occupation | - | agriculture 48%, industry 15%, services 37% (1998 est.) |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | total: 3,736 km
border countries: Afghanistan 744 km, Iran 992 km, Kazakhstan 379 km, Uzbekistan 1,621 km |
| Land use | arable land:
66% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 34% |
arable land: 3.47%
permanent crops: 0.14% other: 96.39% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | English (official), French (official), Norman-French dialect spoken in country districts | Turkmen 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, other 7% |
| Legal system | English law and local statute | based on civil law system |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Assembly of the States (55 voting members - 12 senators, 12 constables or heads of parishes, 29 deputies; all elected for six-year terms, half elected every third year; the bailiff and the deputy bailiff; and 3 non-voting members - the Dean of Jersey, the Attorney General and the Solicitor General all appointed by the monarch
elections: last held NA (next to be held NA) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 52 |
under the 1992 constitution, there are two parliamentary bodies, a unicameral People's Council or Halk Maslahaty (more than 100 seats, some of which are elected by popular vote and some of which are appointed; meets infrequently) and a unicameral Assembly or Majlis (50 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: People's Council - NA; Assembly - last held 12 December 1999 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; note - all 50 elected officials preapproved by President NIYAZOV; most are from the DPT |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
78.63 years male: 76.21 years female: 81.23 years (2001 est.) |
total population: 61.1 years
male: 57.57 years female: 64.8 years (2002 est.) |
| Literacy | definition:
NA total population: NA male: NA female: NA |
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 98% male: 99% female: 97% (1989 est.) |
| Location | Western Europe, island in the English Channel, northwest of France | Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan |
| Map references | Europe | Asia |
| Maritime claims | exclusive fishing zone:
12 NM territorial sea: 3 NM |
none (landlocked) |
| Merchant marine | none (2000 est.) | total: 1 ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,600 GRT/5,000 DWT
ships by type: petroleum tanker 1 (2002 est.) |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of the UK | - |
| Military branches | - | Ministry of Defense (Army, Air and Air Defense, Navy, Border Troops, and Internal Troops), National Guard |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | - | $90 million (FY99) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | - | 3.4% (FY99) |
| Military manpower - availability | - | males age 15-49: 1,206,920 (2002 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | - | males age 15-49: 979,282 (2002 est.) |
| Military manpower - military age | - | 18 years of age (2002 est.) |
| Military manpower - reaching military age annually | - | males: 48,292 (2002 est.) |
| National holiday | Liberation Day, 9 May (1945) | Independence Day, 27 October (1991) |
| Nationality | noun:
Channel Islander(s) adjective: Channel Islander |
noun: Turkmen(s)
adjective: Turkmen |
| Natural hazards | NA | NA |
| Natural resources | arable land | petroleum, natural gas, coal, sulfur, salt |
| Net migration rate | 2.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) | -0.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) |
| Pipelines | - | crude oil 250 km; natural gas 4,400 km |
| Political parties and leaders | none; all independents | Democratic Party of Turkmenistan or DPT [Saparmurat NIYAZOV]
note: formal opposition parties are outlawed; unofficial, small opposition movements exist underground or in foreign countries |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | none | NA |
| Population | 89,361 (July 2001 est.) | 4,688,963 (July 2002 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | 34% (2001 est.) |
| Population growth rate | 0.48% (2001 est.) | 1.84% (2002 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Gorey, Saint Aubin, Saint Helier | Turkmenbasy |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM NA, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998) | AM 16, FM 8, shortwave 2 (1998) |
| Radios | NA | 1.225 million (1997) |
| Railways | 0 km | total: 2,440 km
broad gauge: 2,440 km 1.520-m gauge (2001) |
| Religions | Anglican, Roman Catholic, Baptist, Congregational New Church, Methodist, Presbyterian | Muslim 89%, Eastern Orthodox 9%, unknown 2% |
| Sex ratio | at birth:
1.08 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.62 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2002 est.) |
| Suffrage | NA years of age; universal adult | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
NA domestic: NA international: 3 submarine cables |
general assessment: poorly developed
domestic: NA international: linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics and to other countries by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; a new telephone link from Ashgabat to Iran has been established; a new exchange in Ashgabat switches international traffic through Turkey via Intelsat; satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita and 1 Intelsat |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 65,500 (1997) | 363,000 (1997) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 4,400 (1997) | 4,300 (1998) |
| Television broadcast stations | 1 (1997) | 3 (much programming relayed from Russia and Turkey) (1997) |
| Terrain | gently rolling plain with low, rugged hills along north coast | flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran; borders Caspian Sea in west |
| Total fertility rate | 1.56 children born/woman (2001 est.) | 3.54 children born/woman (2002 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 0.7% (1998 est.) | NA% |
| Waterways | none | the Amu Darya is an important inland waterway for Turkmenistan |
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