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Compare Indonesia (2001) - Maldives (2004)

Compare Indonesia (2001) z Maldives (2004)

 Indonesia (2001)Maldives (2004)
 IndonesiaMaldives
Administrative divisions 27 provinces (propinsi-propinsi, singular - propinsi), 2 special regions* (daerah-daerah istimewa, singular - daerah istimewa), and 1 special capital city district** (daerah khusus ibukota); Aceh*, Bali, Banten, Bengkulu, Gorontalo, Irian Jaya, Jakarta Raya**, Jambi, Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Selatan, Kalimantan Tengah, Kalimantan Timur, Kepulauan Bangka Belitung, Lampung, Maluku, Maluku Utara, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Riau, Sulawesi Selatan, Sulawesi Tengah, Sulawesi Tenggara, Sulawesi Utara, Sumatera Barat, Sumatera Selatan, Sumatera Utara, Yogyakarta*; note - the province of Irian Jaya may have been divided into two new provinces - Central Irian Jaya and West Irian Jaya; with the implementation of decentralization on 1 January 2001, the 357 districts (regencies) may become the key administrative units

note:
following the 30 August 1999 provincial referendum for independence which was overwhelmingly approved by the people of Timor Timur and the October 1999 concurrence of Indonesia's national legislature, the name East Timor was adopted as a provisional name for the political entity formerly known as Propinsi Timor Timur; East Timor is under UN administration pending its formal independence
19 atolls (atholhu, singular and plural) and 1 other first-order administrative division*; Alifu, Baa, Dhaalu, Faafu, Gaafu Alifu, Gaafu Dhaalu, Gnaviyani, Haa Alifu, Haa Dhaalu, Kaafu, Laamu, Lhaviyani, Maale*, Meemu, Noonu, Raa, Seenu, Shaviyani, Thaa, Vaavu
Age structure 0-14 years:
30.26% (male 35,144,702; female 33,973,879)

15-64 years:
65.11% (male 74,273,519; female 74,458,291)

65 years and over:
4.63% (male 4,641,816; female 5,945,663) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 44.4% (male 77,424; female 73,191)


15-64 years: 52.6% (male 91,045; female 87,331)


65 years and over: 3% (male 5,207; female 5,132) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products rice, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, rubber, cocoa, coffee, palm oil, copra; poultry, beef, pork, eggs coconuts, corn, sweet potatoes; fish
Airports 453 (2000 est.) 5 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
136

over 3,047 m:
4

2,438 to 3,047 m:
12

1,524 to 2,437 m:
39

914 to 1,523 m:
44

under 914 m:
37 (2000 est.)
total: 2


over 3,047 m: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
317

1,524 to 2,437 m:
6

914 to 1,523 m:
28

under 914 m:
283 (2000 est.)
total: 3


914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Area total:
1,919,440 sq km

land:
1,826,440 sq km

water:
93,000 sq km
total: 300 sq km


land: 300 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly less than three times the size of Texas about 1.7 times the size of Washington, DC
Background The world's largest archipelago, Indonesia achieved independence from the Netherlands in 1949. Current issues include: implementing IMF-mandated reforms of the banking sector, effecting a transition to a popularly elected government after four decades of authoritarianism, addressing charges of cronyism and corruption, holding the military accountable for human rights violations, and resolving growing separatist pressures in Aceh and Irian Jaya. On 30 August 1999 a provincial referendum for independence was overwhelmingly approved by the people of Timor Timur. Concurrence followed by Indonesia's national legislature, and the name East Timor was provisionally adopted. The independent status of East Timor - now under UN administration - has yet to be formally established. The Maldives were long a sultanate, first under Dutch and then under British protection. They became a republic in 1968, three years after independence. Since 1978, President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM - currently in his sixth term in office - has dominated the island's political scene. Following riots in the capital Male in August 2004, the president and his government have pledged to embark upon democratic reforms, including a more representative political system and expanded political freedoms. Tourism and fishing are being developed on the archipelago.
Birth rate 22.26 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 36.06 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget revenues:
$26 billion

expenditures:
$30 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
revenues: $224 million (excluding foreign grants)


expenditures: $282 million, including capital expenditures of $80 million (2002 est.)
Capital Jakarta Male
Climate tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands tropical; hot, humid; dry, northeast monsoon (November to March); rainy, southwest monsoon (June to August)
Coastline 54,716 km 644 km
Constitution August 1945, abrogated by Federal Constitution of 1949 and Provisional Constitution of 1950, restored 5 July 1959 adopted January 1998
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Indonesia

conventional short form:
Indonesia

local long form:
Republik Indonesia

local short form:
Indonesia

former:
Netherlands East Indies; Dutch East Indies
conventional long form: Republic of Maldives


conventional short form: Maldives


local long form: Dhivehi Raajjeyge Jumhooriyyaa


local short form: Dhivehi Raajje
Currency Indonesian rupiah (IDR) rufiyaa (MVR)
Death rate 6.3 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 7.44 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external $144 billion (2000 est.) $281 million (2003 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Robert GELBARD

embassy:
Jalan Merdeka Selatan 4-5, Jakarta 10110

mailing address:
Unit 8129, Box 1, APO AP 96520

telephone:
[62] (21) 3435-9000

FAX:
[62] (21) 3435-9922

consulate(s) general:
Surabaya
the US does not have an embassy in Maldives; the US Ambassador to Sri Lanka is accredited to Maldives and makes periodic visits there
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador DORODJATUN Kuntjoro-Jakti

chancery:
2020 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036

telephone:
[1] (202) 775-5200

FAX:
[1] (202) 775-5365

consulate(s) general:
Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco
chief of mission: Dr. Mohamed LATHEEF


chancery: 800 2nd Avenue, Suite 400E, New York, NY 10017


telephone: [1] (212) 599-6195
Disputes - international Sipadan and Ligitan Islands in dispute with Malaysia none
Economic aid - recipient $43 billion from IMF program and other official external financing (1997-2000) NA (1995)
Economy - overview Indonesia, a vast polyglot nation, faces severe economic problems, stemming from secessionist movements and the low level of security in the regions, the lack of reliable legal recourse in contract disputes, corruption, weaknesses in the banking system, and strained relations with the IMF. Investor confidence will remain low and few new jobs will be created under these circumstances. Growth of 4.8% in 2000 is not sustainable, being attributable to favorable short-term factors, including high world oil prices, a surge in nonoil exports, and increased domestic demand for consumer durables. Tourism, Maldives' largest industry, accounts for 20% of GDP and more than 60% of the Maldives' foreign exchange receipts. Over 90% of government tax revenue comes from import duties and tourism-related taxes. Fishing is a second leading sector. The Maldivian Government began an economic reform program in 1989 initially by lifting import quotas and opening some exports to the private sector. Subsequently, it has liberalized regulations to allow more foreign investment. Agriculture and manufacturing continue to play a lesser role in the economy, constrained by the limited availability of cultivable land and the shortage of domestic labor. Most staple foods must be imported. Industry, which consists mainly of garment production, boat building, and handicrafts, accounts for about 18% of GDP. Maldivian authorities worry about the impact of erosion and possible global warming on their low-lying country; 80% of the area is one meter or less above sea level.
Electricity - consumption 73.167 billion kWh (1999) 108.8 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production 78.674 billion kWh (1999) 117 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
80.36%

hydro:
14.63%

nuclear:
0%

other:
5.01% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Puncak Jaya 5,030 m
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Wilingili island in the Addu Atoll 2.4 m
Environment - current issues deforestation; water pollution from industrial wastes, sewage; air pollution in urban areas; smoke and haze from forest fires depletion of freshwater aquifers threatens water supplies; global warming and sea level rise; coral reef bleaching
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Marine Life Conservation
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Javanese 45%, Sundanese 14%, Madurese 7.5%, coastal Malays 7.5%, other 26% South Indians, Sinhalese, Arabs
Exchange rates Indonesian rupiahs per US dollar - 10,000 (January 2001), 8,421.8 (2000), 7,855.2 (1999), 10,013.6 (1998), 2,909.4 (1997), 2,342.3 (1996) rufiyaa per US dollar - 12.8 (2003), 12.8 (2002), 12.2421 (2001), 11.77 (2000), 11.77 (1999)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Abdurrahman WAHID (since 20 October 1999) and Vice President MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri (since 21 October 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Abdurrahman WAHID (since 20 October 1999) and Vice President MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri (since 21 October 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president

elections:
president and vice president elected separately by the 700-member People's Consultative Assembly or MPR for five-year terms; election last held 20 and 21 October 1999 (next to be held by NA 2004)

election results:
Abdurrahman WAHID elected president, receiving 373 votes to 313 votes for MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri; MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri elected vice president, defeating Hamzah HAZ; vote totals NA

note:
the People's Consultative Assembly (Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat or MPR) includes the House of Representatives (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat or DPR) plus 200 indirectly selected members; it meets every five years to elect the president and vice president and to approve the broad outlines of national policy
chief of state: President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM (since 11 November 1978); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM (since 11 November 1978); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president


elections: president nominated by the Majlis and then the nomination must be ratified by a national referendum (at least a 51% approval margin is required); president elected for a five-year term; election last held 17 October 2003 (next to be held NA 2008)


election results: President Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM reelected in referendum held 17 October 2003; percent of popular vote - Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM 90.3%
Exports $64.7 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) NA (2001)
Exports - commodities oil and gas, plywood, textiles, rubber fish, clothing
Exports - partners Japan 21%, US 14%, Singapore 10%, South Korea 7%, Netherlands 3%, Australia 3%, Hong Kong, China, Taiwan (1999 est.) US 32.1%, Thailand 17%, Sri Lanka 13.4%, Japan 10.7%, UK 9.8%, Indonesia 4.5% (2003)
Fiscal year calendar year; note - previously was 1 April - 31 March, but starting with 2001, has been changed to calendar year calendar year
Flag description two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Monaco, which is shorter; also similar to the flag of Poland, which is white (top) and red red with a large green rectangle in the center bearing a vertical white crescent; the closed side of the crescent is on the hoist side of the flag
GDP purchasing power parity - $654 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $1.25 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
21%

industry:
35%

services:
44% (1999 est.)
agriculture: 20%


industry: 18%


services: 62% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $2,900 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $3,900 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 4.8% (2000 est.) 2.3% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates 5 00 S, 120 00 E 3 15 N, 73 00 E
Geography - note archipelago of 17,000 islands (6,000 inhabited); straddles Equator; strategic location astride or along major sea lanes from Indian Ocean to Pacific Ocean 1,190 coral islands grouped into 26 atolls (200 inhabited islands, plus 80 islands with tourist resorts); archipelago with strategic location astride and along major sea lanes in Indian Ocean
Heliports 4 (2000 est.) -
Highways total:
342,700 km

paved:
158,670 km

unpaved:
184,030 km (1997)
total: NA km


paved: NA km


unpaved: NA km
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
3.6%

highest 10%:
30.3% (1996)
lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
Illicit drugs illicit producer of cannabis largely for domestic use; possible growing role as transshipment point for Golden Triangle heroin -
Imports $40.4 billion (c.i.f., 2000 est.) NA (2001)
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment; chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs consumer goods, intermediate and capital goods, petroleum products
Imports - partners Japan 12%, US 12%, Singapore 10%, Germany 6%, Australia 6%, South Korea 6%, Taiwan, China (1999 est.) Singapore 24.8%, Sri Lanka 13.8%, India 10.2%, Malaysia 7.6%, UAE 7.6%, Thailand 5.1% (2003)
Independence 17 August 1945 (proclaimed independence; on 27 December 1949, Indonesia became legally independent from the Netherlands) 26 July 1965 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 7.5% (2000 est.) 4.4% (1996 est.)
Industries petroleum and natural gas; textiles, apparel, and footwear; mining, cement, chemical fertilizers, plywood; rubber; food; tourism fish processing, tourism, shipping, boat building, coconut processing, garments, woven mats, rope, handicrafts, coral and sand mining
Infant mortality rate 40.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 58.32 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 57.43 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 59.26 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 9% (2000 est.) 1% (2002 est.)
International organization participation APEC, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIBH, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO AsDB, C, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 24 (2000) -
Irrigated land 45,970 sq km (1993 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Mahkamah Agung (justices appointed by the president from a list of candidates approved by the legislature) High Court
Labor force 99 million (1999) 88,000 (2000)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 45%, industry 16%, services 39% (1999 est.) agriculture 22%, industry 18%, services 60% (1995)
Land boundaries total:
2,602 km

border countries:
Malaysia 1,782 km, Papua New Guinea 820 km
0 km
Land use arable land:
10%

permanent crops:
7%

permanent pastures:
7%

forests and woodland:
62%

other:
14% (1993 est.)
arable land: 13.33%


permanent crops: 16.67%


other: 70% (2001)
Languages Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects, the most widely spoken of which is Javanese Maldivian Dhivehi (dialect of Sinhala, script derived from Arabic), English spoken by most government officials
Legal system based on Roman-Dutch law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts and by new criminal procedures code; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on Islamic law with admixtures of English common law primarily in commercial matters; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral House of Representatives or Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) (500 seats; 462 elected by popular vote, 38 are appointed military representatives; members serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 7 June 1999 (next to be held NA June 2004)

election results:
percent of vote by party - PDI-P 37.4%, Golkar 20.9%, PKB 17.4%, PPP 10.7%, PAN 7.3%, PBB 1.8%, other 4.5%; seats by party - PDI-P 154, Golkar 120, PPP 58, PKB 51, PAN 35, PBB 14, other 30
unicameral People's Council or Majlis (50 seats; 42 elected by popular vote, 8 appointed by the president; members serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 22 January 2005 (next to be held NA 2010)


election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 50
Life expectancy at birth total population:
68.27 years

male:
65.9 years

female:
70.75 years (2001 est.)
total population: 63.68 years


male: 62.41 years


female: 65.01 years (2004 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
83.8%

male:
89.6%

female:
78% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 97.2%


male: 97.1%


female: 97.3% (2003 est.)
Location Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean Southern Asia, group of atolls in the Indian Ocean, south-southwest of India
Map references Southeast Asia Asia
Maritime claims measured from claimed archipelagic baselines

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
measured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines


territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine total:
609 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,698,157 GRT/3,723,933 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 36, cargo 357, chemical tanker 10, container 25, liquefied gas 3, livestock carrier 1, passenger 7, passenger/cargo 14, petroleum tanker 117, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 15, short-sea passenger 8, specialized tanker 10, vehicle carrier 5 (2000 est.)
total: 16 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 54,164 GRT/68,973 DWT


by type: cargo 13, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 1, short-sea/passenger 1


foreign-owned: North Korea 1


registered in other countries: 2 (2004 est.)
Military branches Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines

note:
as of 1 July 2000, the National Police became an independent organization that reports directly to the president
National Security Service: comprising Security Branch (ground forces), Air Element; Coast Guard
Military expenditures - dollar figure $1 billion (FY98/99) $43.1 million (2003)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.3% (FY98/99) 8.6% (2003)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
64,046,049 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 81,221 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
37,418,755 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 45,142 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
2,263,706 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Independence Day, 17 August (1945) Independence Day, 26 July (1965)
Nationality noun:
Indonesian(s)

adjective:
Indonesian
noun: Maldivian(s)


adjective: Maldivian
Natural hazards occasional floods, severe droughts, tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanoes low level of islands makes them very sensitive to sea level rise
Natural resources petroleum, tin, natural gas, nickel, timber, bauxite, copper, fertile soils, coal, gold, silver fish
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 2,505 km; petroleum products 456 km; natural gas 1,703 km (1989) -
Political parties and leaders Crescent Moon and Star Party or PBB [Yusril Ihza MAHENDRA, chairman]; Development Unity Party or PPP (federation of former Islamic parties) [Hamzah HAZ, chairman]; Federation of Functional Groups or Golkar [Akbar TANJUNG, general chairman]; Indonesia Democracy Party or PDI (federation of former Nationalist and Christian Parties) [Budi HARDJONO, chairman]; Indonesia Democracy Party-Struggle or PDI-P [MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri, chairperson]; National Awakening Party or PKB [Matori Abdul DJALIL, chairman]; National Mandate Party or PAN [Amien RAIS, chairman] although political parties are not banned, none exist
Political pressure groups and leaders NA none
Population 228,437,870 (July 2001 est.) 339,330 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line 20% (1998) NA
Population growth rate 1.6% (2001 est.) 2.86% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors Cilacap, Cirebon, Jakarta, Kupang, Makassar, Palembang, Semarang, Surabaya Gan, Male
Radio broadcast stations AM 678, FM 43, shortwave 82 (1998) AM 1, FM 1, shortwave 1 (1998)
Radios 31.5 million (1997) -
Railways total:
6,458 km

narrow gauge:
5,961 km 1.067-m gauge (101 km electrified; 101 km double track); 497 km 0.750-m gauge (1995)
-
Religions Muslim 88%, Protestant 5%, Roman Catholic 3%, Hindu 2%, Buddhist 1%, other 1% (1998) Sunni Muslim
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.78 male(s)/female

total population:
1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.02 male(s)/female


total population: 1.05 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage 17 years of age; universal and married persons regardless of age 21 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
domestic service fair, international service good

domestic:
interisland microwave system and HF radio police net; domestic satellite communications system

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean)
general assessment: minimal domestic and international facilities


domestic: interatoll communication through microwave links; all inhabited islands are connected with telephone and fax service


international: country code - 960; satellite earth station - 3 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 5,588,310 (1998) 28,700 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular 1.07 million (1998) 41,900 (2002)
Television broadcast stations 41 (1999) 1 (1997)
Terrain mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior mountains flat, with white sandy beaches
Total fertility rate 2.58 children born/woman (2001 est.) 5.14 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate 15%-20% (1998 est.) NEGL% (2003 est.)
Waterways 21,579 km total

note:
Sumatra 5,471 km, Java and Madura 820 km, Kalimantan 10,460 km, Sulawesi (Celebes) 241 km, Irian Jaya 4,587 km
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