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Compare Honduras (2002) - Montenegro (2006)

Compare Honduras (2002) z Montenegro (2006)

 Honduras (2002)Montenegro (2006)
 HondurasMontenegro
Administrative divisions 18 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Atlantida, Choluteca, Colon, Comayagua, Copan, Cortes, El Paraiso, Francisco Morazan, Gracias a Dios, Intibuca, Islas de la Bahia, La Paz, Lempira, Ocotepeque, Olancho, Santa Barbara, Valle, Yoro 21 municipalities (opstini, singular - opstina); Andrijevia, Bar, Berane, Bijelo Polje, Budva, Cetinje, Danilovgrad, Herceg Novi, Kolasin, Kotor, Mojkovac, Niksic, Plav, Pluzine, Pljevlja, Podgornica, Rozaje, Savnik, Tivat, Ulcinj, Zabljak
Age structure 0-14 years: 41.8% (male 1,400,778; female 1,340,834)


15-64 years: 54.6% (male 1,774,619; female 1,806,568)


65 years and over: 3.6% (male 112,100; female 125,709) (2002 est.)
-
Agriculture - products bananas, coffee, citrus; beef; timber; shrimp grains, tobacco, potatoes, citrus fruits, olives, grapes; sheepherding; commercial fishing negligible
Airports 117 (2001) 5 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways total: 12


2,438 to 3,047 m: 3


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 3


under 914 m: 4 (2002)
total: 3


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 103


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 18


under 914 m: 83 (2002)
total: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2006)
Area total: 112,090 sq km


land: 111,890 sq km


water: 200 sq km
total: 14,026 sq km


land: 13,812 sq km


water: 214 sq km
Area - comparative slightly larger than Tennessee slightly smaller than Connecticut
Background Part of Spain's vast empire in the New World, Honduras became an independent nation in 1821. After two and one-half decades of mostly military rule, a freely elected civilian government came to power in 1982. During the 1980s, Honduras proved a haven for anti-Sandinista contras fighting the Marxist Nicaraguan Government and an ally to Salvadoran Government forces fighting against leftist guerrillas. The country was devastated by Hurricane Mitch in 1998, which killed about 5,600 people and caused almost $1 billion in damage. The use of the name Montenegro began in the 15th century when the Crnojevic dynasty began to rule the Serbian principality of Zeta; over subsequent centuries it was able to maintain its independence from the Ottoman Empire. From the 16th to 19th centuries, Montenegro became a theocratic state ruled by a series of bishop princes; in 1852, it was transformed into a secular principality. After World War I, Montenegro was part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, and, at the conclusion of World War II, it became a constituent republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. When the latter dissolved in 1992, Montenegro federated with Serbia, first as the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and, after 2003, in a looser union of Serbia and Montenegro. Following a three-year postponement, Montenegro held an independence referendum in the spring of 2006 under rules set by the EU. The vote for severing ties with Serbia exceeded the 55% threshold, allowing Montenegro to formally declare its independence on 3 June 2006.
Birth rate 31.21 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) 12.6 births/1,000 population (2004)
Budget revenues: $607 million


expenditures: $411.9 million, including capital expenditures of $106 million (1999 est.)
revenues: NA


expenditures: NA
Capital Tegucigalpa name: Podgorica (administrative capital)


geographic coordinates: 42 26 N, 19 16 E


time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)


daylight saving time: +1 hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October


note: Cetinje (capital city)
Climate subtropical in lowlands, temperate in mountains Mediterranean climate, hot dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfalls inland
Coastline 820 km 293.5 km
Constitution 11 January 1982, effective 20 January 1982; amended 1995 12 October 1992 (was approved by the Assembly)
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Honduras


conventional short form: Honduras


local long form: Republica de Honduras


local short form: Honduras
conventional long form: Republic of Montenegro


conventional short form: Montenegro


local long form: Republika Crna Gora


local short form: Crna Gora


former: People's Republic of Montenegro, Socialist Republic of Montenegro
Currency lempira (HNL) -
Death rate 5.74 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) 9.2 deaths/1,000 population (2004)
Debt - external $5.6 billion (2001) (2001) NA
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Larry Leon PALMER


embassy: Avenida La Paz, Apartado Postal No. 3453, Tegucigalpa


mailing address: American Embassy, APO AA 34022, Tegucigalpa


telephone: [504] 238-5114, 236-9320


FAX: [504] 236-9037
-
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Mario Miguel CANAHUATI


chancery: Suite 4-M, 3007 Tilden Street NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 966-7702


FAX: [1] (202) 966-9751


consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, Phoenix, San Francisco, San Juan (Puerto Rico), Tampa


honorary consulate(s): Boston, Detroit, Jacksonville, and St. Louis
chief of mission: Ambassador Miodrag VLAHOVIC
Disputes - international Honduras claims Sapodilla Cays off the coast of Belize; El Salvador disputes tiny Conejo Island off Honduras in the Golfo de Fonseca; many of the "bolsones" (disputed areas) along the El Salvador-Honduras boundary remain undemarcated despite ICJ adjudication in 1992; with respect to the maritime boundary in the Golfo de Fonseca, the ICJ referred to the line determined by the 1900 Honduras-Nicaragua Mixed Boundary Commission and advised a tripartite resolution among El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua; Nicaragua filed a claim against Honduras in 1999 and against Colombia in 2001 at the ICJ over disputed maritime boundary involving 50,000 sq km in the Caribbean Sea, including the Archipelago de San Andres y Providencia and Quita Sueno Bank ethnic Albanians in Kosovo refuse demarcation of the boundary with Macedonia in accordance with the 2000 Macedonia-Serbia and Montenegro delimitation agreement, which includes a section of boundary with Montenegro
Economic aid - recipient $557.8 million (1999) (1999) NA
Economy - overview Honduras, one of the poorest countries in the Western Hemisphere with an extraordinarily unequal distribution of income, is banking on expanded trade privileges under the Enhanced Caribbean Basin Initiative and on debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative. While the country has met most of its macroeconomic targets, it failed to meet the IMF's goals to liberalize its energy and telecommunications sectors. Growth remains dependent on the status of the US economy, its major trading partner, on commodity prices, particularly coffee, and on containment of the recent rise in crime. The republic of Montenegro severed its economy from federal control and from Serbia during the MILOSEVIC era and continues to maintain its own central bank, uses the euro instead of the Yugoslav dinar as official currency, collects customs tariffs, and manages its own budget. The dissolution of the loose political union between Serbia and Montenegro in 2006 led to separate membership in several international financial institutions, such as the IMF, World Bank, and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Montenegro is pursuing its own membership in the World Trade Organization as well as negotiating a Stabilization and Association agreement with the European Union in anticipation of eventual membership. Severe unemployment remains a key political and economic problem for this entire region. Montenegro has privatized its large aluminum complex - the dominant industry - as well as most of its financial sector, and has begun to attract foreign direct investment in the tourism sector.
Electricity - consumption 3.593 billion kWh (2000) NA
Electricity - exports 5 million kWh (2000) -
Electricity - imports 275 million kWh (2000) -
Electricity - production 3.573 billion kWh (2000) 2.864 billion kWh 2.864 billion kWh (2005 est.)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 37%


hydro: 63%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
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Elevation extremes lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m


highest point: Cerro Las Minas 2,870 m
lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m


highest point: Bobotov Kuk 2,522 m
Environment - current issues urban population expanding; deforestation results from logging and the clearing of land for agricultural purposes; further land degradation and soil erosion hastened by uncontrolled development and improper land use practices such as farming of marginal lands; mining activities polluting Lago de Yojoa (the country's largest source of fresh water) as well as several rivers and streams with heavy metals pollution of coastal waters from sewage outlets, especially in tourist-related areas such as Kotor
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
-
Ethnic groups mestizo (mixed Amerindian and European) 90%, Amerindian 7%, black 2%, white 1% Montenegrin 43%, Serbian 32%, Bosniak 8%, Albanian 5%, other (Muslims, Croats, Roma) 12%
Exchange rates lempiras per US dollar - 16.0256 (January 2002), 15.9197 (2001), 15.1407 (2000), 14.5039 (1999), 13.8076 (1998), 13.0942 (1997) euros per US dollar - 0.8041 (2005), 0.8089 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001)
Executive branch chief of state: President Ricardo (Joest) MADURO (since 27 January 2002); First Vice President Vicente WILLIAMS Agasse (since 27 January 2002); Second Vice President Armida Villela Maria DE LOPEZ Contreras (since 27 January 2002); Third Vice President Alberto DIAZ Lobo (since 27 January 2002); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Ricardo (Joest) MADURO (since 27 January 2002); First Vice President Vicente WILLIAMS Agasse (since 27 January 2002); Second Vice President Armida Villela Maria DE LOPEZ Contreras (since 27 January 2002); Third Vice President Alberto DIAZ Lobo (since 27 January 2002); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a four-year term; election last held 25 November 2001 (next to be held NA November 2005)


election results: Ricardo (Joest) MADURO (PN) elected president - 52.2%, Raphael PINEDA Ponce (PL) 44.3%, others 3.5%
chief of state: President Filip VUJANOVIC (since 11 May 2003)


head of government: Prime Minister Zeljko STURANOVIC (since 10 November 2006)


cabinet: Ministries act as cabinet


elections: president elected by direct vote for five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held 11 May 2003 (next to be held in 2008); prime minister proposed by president, accepted by Assembly


election results: Filip VUJANOVIC elected on the third round; Filip VUJANOVIC 63.3%, Miodrag ZIVKOVIC 30.8%
Exports $2 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.) $171.3 million (2003)
Exports - commodities coffee, bananas, shrimp, lobster, meat; zinc, lumber -
Exports - partners US 39.9%, El Salvador 9.2%, Germany 7.9%, Belgium 5.8%, Guatemala 5.4% (2000) Switzerland 83.9%, Italy 6.1%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.3% (2003)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with five blue five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band; the stars represent the members of the former Federal Republic of Central America - Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua; similar to the flag of El Salvador, which features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which features a triangle encircled by the word REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom, centered in the white band a red field bordered by a narrow golden-yellow stripe with the Montenegrin coat of arms centered
GDP purchasing power parity - $17 billion (2001 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 18%


industry: 32%


services: 50% (2000 est.)
agriculture: % NA


industry: % NA


services: % NA
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $2,600 (2001 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 2.1% (2001 est.) NA
Geographic coordinates 15 00 N, 86 30 W 42 30 N, 19 18 E
Geography - note has only a short Pacific coast but a long Caribbean shoreline, including the virtually uninhabited eastern Mosquito Coast strategic location along the Adriatic coast
Highways total: 15,400 km


paved: 3,126 km


unpaved: 12,274 km (1999 est.)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 0%


highest 10%: 44% (1997) (1997)
-
Illicit drugs transshipment point for drugs and narcotics; illicit producer of cannabis, cultivated on small plots and used principally for local consumption; corruption is a major problem; some money-laundering activity -
Imports $2.7 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.) $601.7 million (2003)
Imports - commodities machinery and transport equipment, industrial raw materials, chemical products, fuels, foodstuffs -
Imports - partners US 46.1%, Guatemala 8.2%, El Salvador 6.6%, Mexico 4.7%, Japan 4.6% (2000) Greece 10.2%, Italy 10.2%, Germany 9.6%, Bosnia and Herzegovina 9.2% (2003)
Independence 15 September 1821 (from Spain) 3 June 2006 (from Serbia and Montenegro); note - a referendum on independence was held 21 May 2006
Industrial production growth rate 4% (1999 est.) -
Industries sugar, coffee, textiles, clothing, wood products steelmaking, agricultural processing, consumer goods, tourism
Infant mortality rate 30.48 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) -
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 9.7% (2001 est.) 3.4% (2004)
International organization participation BCIE, CACM, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (subscriber), ITU, LAES, LAIA (observer), MINURSO, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW (signatory), PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO CEI, EBRD, FAO, IAEA, ICFTU, ILO, Interpol, IPU, ITU, OSCE, UN, UPU, WHO, WTO (observer)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 8 (2000) -
Irrigated land 760 sq km (1998 est.) NA
Judicial branch Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges are elected for seven-year terms by the National Congress) Constitutional Court (five judges with nine-year terms); Supreme Court (judges have life tenure)
Labor force 2.3 million (1997 est.) 259,100 (2004)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 34%, industry 21%, services 45% (2001 est.) agriculture: 2%


industry: 30%


services: 68% (2004)
Land boundaries total: 1,520 km


border countries: Guatemala 256 km, El Salvador 342 km, Nicaragua 922 km
total: 625 km


border countries: Albania 172 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 225 km, Croatia 25 km, Serbia 203 km
Land use arable land: 15.15%


permanent crops: 3.13%


other: 81.72% (1998 est.)
arable land: 13.7%


permanent crops: 1%


other: 85.3%
Languages Spanish, Amerindian dialects Serbian (Ijekavian dialect - official), Bosnian, Albanian, Croatian
Legal system rooted in Roman and Spanish civil law with increasing influence of English common law; recent judicial reforms include abandoning Napoleonic legal codes in favor of the oral adversarial system; accepts ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations based on civil law system
Legislative branch unicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional (128 seats; members are elected proportionally to the number of votes their party's presidential candidate receives to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 25 November 2001 (next to be held NA November 2005)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - PN 61, PL 55, PUD 5, PDC 4, PINU-SD 3
unicameral Assembly (81 seats, elected by direct vote for four-year terms; changed from 74 seats at the time of the elections)


elections: last held 10 September 2006 (next to be held 2010)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Coalition for a European Montenegro 41, SNS 12, Coalition SPP/NS/DSS 11, PZP 11, Liberals and Bosniaks 3, Democratic League-Democratic Prosperity 1, Democratic Union of Albanians 1, Albanian Alternative 1
Life expectancy at birth total population: 68.77 years


male: 67.11 years


female: 70.51 years (2002 est.)
-
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 74%


male: 74%


female: 74.1% (1999)
-
Location Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Guatemala and Nicaragua and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between El Salvador and Nicaragua Southeastern Europe, between the Adriatic Sea and Serbia
Map references Central America and the Caribbean Europe
Maritime claims contiguous zone: 24 NM


continental shelf: natural extension of territory or to 200 NM


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
NA
Merchant marine total: 284 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 749,243 GRT/846,942 DWT


ships by type: bulk 20, cargo 166, chemical tanker 5, container 6, livestock carrier 1, passenger 3, passenger/cargo 3, petroleum tanker 54, refrigerated cargo 12, roll on/roll off 8, short-sea passenger 4, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 1


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Argentina 1, Bahrain 1, Belize 1, British Virgin Islands 1, Bulgaria 1, China 8, Costa Rica 1, Cyprus 1, Egypt 6, El Salvador 1, Germany 1, Greece 18, Hong Kong 3, Indonesia 2, Italy 1, Japan 7, Lebanon 4, Liberia 4, Maldives 2, Marshall Islands 1, Mexico 1, Nigeria 1, Norway 1, Panama 14, Philippines 1, Romania 2, Russia 1, Saint Kitts and Nevis 3, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Singapore 24, South Korea 12, Spain 1, Syria 1, Taiwan 4, Tanzania 1, Trinidad and Tobago 1, Turkey 2, Turks and Caicos Islands 1, United Arab Emirates 6, United Kingdom 1, United States 5, Vanuatu 1, Vietnam 1, Virgin Islands (UK) 1 (2002 est.)
total: 4 ships (1000 GRT or over) 9,458 GRT/10,172 DWT


by type: cargo 4


registered in other countries: 4 (Bahamas 2, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2) (2006)
Military - note - Montenegrin plans call for the establishment of a fully professional armed forces
Military branches Army, Navy (including marines), Air Force -
Military expenditures - dollar figure $35 million (FY99) $2.306 billion
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 0.6% (FY99) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 1,563,174 (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 930,718 (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 72,335 (2002 est.) -
National holiday Independence Day, 15 September (1821) National Day, 13 July
Nationality noun: Honduran(s)


adjective: Honduran
noun: Montenegrin(s)


adjective: Montenegrin
Natural hazards frequent, but generally mild, earthquakes; extremely susceptible to damaging hurricanes and floods along the Caribbean coast destructive earthquakes
Natural resources timber, gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, iron ore, antimony, coal, fish, hydropower bauxite, hydroelectricity
Net migration rate -2.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) -
Political parties and leaders Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Dr. Hernan CORRALES Padilla]; Democratic Unification Party or PUD [leader NA]; Liberal Party or PL [Roberto MICHELETTI Bain]; National Innovation and Unity Party-Social Democratic Party or PINU-SD [Olban F. VALLADARES]; National Party of Honduras or PN [Raphael CALLEJAS] Albanian Alternative or AA; Bosniak Party or BS [Rafet HUSOVIC]; Coalition for a European Montenegro (Democratic Party of Socialists or DPS and Social Democratic Party or SDP) [Milo DJUKANOVIC]; Coalition SPP/NS/DSS; Democratic League-Party of Democratic Prosperity [Mehmet BARHDI]; Democratic Serbian Party of Montenegro or DSS; Democratic Union of Albanians or DUA [Ferhat DINOSA]; Liberal Party of Montenegro or LP [Miodrag ZIVKOVIC]; Movement for Changes or PZP [Nebojsa MEDOJEVIC]; People's Party of Montenegro or NS [Predrag POPOVIC]; Serbian People's Party of Montenegro or SNS [Andrija MANDIC]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Ranko KRIVOKAPIC]; Social Democratic Party of Montenegro or DPS [Milo DJUKANOVIC]; Socialist People's Party or SNP [Predrag BULATOVIC]
Political pressure groups and leaders Committee for the Defense of Human Rights in Honduras or CODEH; Confederation of Honduran Workers or CTH; Coordinating Committee of Popular Organizations or CCOP; General Workers Confederation or CGT; Honduran Council of Private Enterprise or COHEP; National Association of Honduran Campesinos or ANACH; National Union of Campesinos or UNC; Popular Bloc or BP; United Federation of Honduran Workers or FUTH -
Population 6,560,608


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)
630,548 (2004)
Population below poverty line 53% (1993 est.) 12.2% (2003)
Population growth rate 2.34% (2002 est.) 3.5% (2004)
Ports and harbors La Ceiba, Puerto Castilla, Puerto Cortes, San Lorenzo, Tela, Puerto Lempira -
Radio broadcast stations AM 241, FM 53, shortwave 12 (1998) 31 (2004)
Radios 2.45 million (1997) -
Railways total: 595 km


narrow gauge: 318 km 1.067-m gauge; 277 km 0.914-m gauge (2000)
total: 250 km


standard gauge: 250 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified 169 km) (2005)
Religions Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant minority Orthodox, Muslim, Roman Catholic
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female


total population: 1 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
-
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal and compulsory 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: inadequate system


domestic: NA


international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System
general assessment: modern telecommunications system with access to European satellites


domestic: GSM wireless service, available through two providers with national coverage, is growing rapidly


international: country code - 382 (the old code of 381 used by Serbia and Montenegro will also remain in use until Feb 2007); two international switches connect the national system
Telephones - main lines in use 234,000 (1997) 177,663 (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular 14,427 (1997) 543,220 (2005)
Television broadcast stations 11 (plus 17 repeaters) (1997) 13 (2004)
Terrain mostly mountains in interior, narrow coastal plains highly indented coastline with narrow coastal plain backed by rugged high limestone mountains and plateaus
Total fertility rate 4.03 children born/woman (2002 est.) -
Unemployment rate 28% (2001 est.) 27.7% (2005)
Waterways 465 km (navigable by small craft) -
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