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Compare Guyana (2001) - Peru (2001)

Compare Guyana (2001) z Peru (2001)

 Guyana (2001)Peru (2001)
 GuyanaPeru
Administrative divisions 10 regions; Barima-Waini, Cuyuni-Mazaruni, Demerara-Mahaica, East Berbice-Corentyne, Essequibo Islands-West Demerara, Mahaica-Berbice, Pomeroon-Supenaam, Potaro-Siparuni, Upper Demerara-Berbice, Upper Takutu-Upper Essequibo 24 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 1 constitutional province* (provincia constitucional); Amazonas, Ancash, Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Callao*, Cusco, Huancavelica, Huanuco, Ica, Junin, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Pasco, Piura, Puno, San Martin, Tacna, Tumbes, Ucayali

note:
the 1979 constitution mandated the creation of regions (regiones, singular - region) to function eventually as autonomous economic and administrative entities; so far, 12 regions have been constituted from 23 of the 24 departments - Amazonas (from Loreto), Andres Avelino Caceres (from Huanuco, Pasco, Junin), Arequipa (from Arequipa), Chavin (from Ancash), Grau (from Tumbes, Piura), Inca (from Cusco, Madre de Dios, Apurimac), La Libertad (from La Libertad), Los Libertadores-Huari (from Ica, Ayacucho, Huancavelica), Mariategui (from Moquegua, Tacna, Puno), Nor Oriental del Maranon (from Lambayeque, Cajamarca, Amazonas), San Martin (from San Martin), Ucayali (from Ucayali); formation of another region has been delayed by the reluctance of the constitutional province of Callao to merge with the department of Lima; because of inadequate funding from the central government and organizational and political difficulties, the regions have yet to assume major responsibilities; the 1993 constitution retains the regions but limits their authority; the 1993 constitution also reaffirms the roles of departmental and municipal governments
Age structure 0-14 years:
28.19% (male 100,194; female 96,309)

15-64 years:
66.89% (male 234,976; female 231,360)

65 years and over:
4.92% (male 15,324; female 19,018) (2001 est.)
0-14 years:
34.41% (male 4,803,464; female 4,654,890)

15-64 years:
60.8% (male 8,408,210; female 8,302,943)

65 years and over:
4.79% (male 603,309; female 711,048) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products sugar, rice, wheat, vegetable oils; beef, pork, poultry, dairy products; forest and fishery potential not exploited coffee, cotton, sugarcane, rice, wheat, potatoes, plantains, coca; poultry, beef, dairy products, wool; fish
Airports 51 (2000 est.) 233 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
6

1,524 to 2,437 m:
3

914 to 1,523 m:
1

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
total:
46

over 3,047 m:
6

2,438 to 3,047 m:
18

1,524 to 2,437 m:
13

914 to 1,523 m:
8

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
45

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
8

under 914 m:
36 (2000 est.)
total:
187

over 3,047 m:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
25

914 to 1,523 m:
65

under 914 m:
95 (2000 est.)
Area total:
214,970 sq km

land:
196,850 sq km

water:
18,120 sq km
total:
1,285,220 sq km

land:
1.28 million sq km

water:
5,220 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Idaho slightly smaller than Alaska
Background Guyana achieved independence from the UK in 1966 and became a republic in 1970. In 1989 Guyana launched an Economic Recovery Program, which marked a dramatic reversal from a state-controlled, socialist economy towards a more open, free market system. Results through the first decade have proven encouraging. After a dozen years of military rule, Peru returned to democratic leadership in 1980. In recent years, bold reform programs and significant progress in curtailing guerrilla activity and drug trafficking have resulted in solid economic growth.
Birth rate 17.92 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 23.9 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues:
$220.1 million

expenditures:
$286.4 million, including capital expenditures of $86.6 million (1998)
revenues:
$8.5 billion

expenditures:
$9.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $2 billion (1996 est.)
Capital Georgetown Lima
Climate tropical; hot, humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; two rainy seasons (May to mid-August, mid-November to mid-January) varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid in Andes
Coastline 459 km 2,414 km
Constitution 6 October 1980 31 December 1993
Country name conventional long form:
Co-operative Republic of Guyana

conventional short form:
Guyana

former:
British Guiana
conventional long form:
Republic of Peru

conventional short form:
Peru

local long form:
Republica del Peru

local short form:
Peru
Currency Guyanese dollar (GYD) nuevo sol (PEN)
Death rate 8.87 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 5.78 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $1.1 billion (2000) $31 billion (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Ronald D. GODARD

embassy:
100 Young and Duke Streets, Kingston, Georgetown

mailing address:
P. O. Box 10507, Georgetown

telephone:
[592] (2) 54900 through 54909, 57960 through 57969

FAX:
[592] (2) 58497
chief of mission:
Ambassador John HAMILTON

embassy:
Avenida La Encalada, Cuadra 17s/n, Surco, Lima 33

mailing address:
P. O. Box 1995, Lima 1; American Embassy (Lima), APO AA 34031-5000

telephone:
[51] (1) 434-3000

FAX:
[51] (1) 434-3037
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Dr. Ali Odeen ISHMAEL

chancery:
2490 Tracy Place NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 265-6900

consulate(s) general:
New York
chief of mission:
Ambassador Alfonso RIVERO Monsalve

chancery:
1700 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036

telephone:
[1] (202) 833-9860 through 9869

FAX:
[1] (202) 659-8124

consulate(s) general:
Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Paterson (New Jersey), San Francisco
Disputes - international all of the area west of the Essequibo (river) claimed by Venezuela; Suriname claims area between New (Upper Courantyne) and Courantyne/Kutari [Koetari] rivers (all headwaters of the Courantyne) none
Economic aid - recipient $84 million (1995), Heavily Indebted Poor Country Initiative (HIPC) $253 million (1997) $895.1 million (1995)
Economy - overview Severe drought and political turmoil contributed to Guyana's negative growth of -1.8% for 1998 following six straight years of growth of 5% or better. Growth came back to a positive 1.8% in 1999 and 3% in 2000. Underlying growth factors have included expansion in the key agricultural and mining sectors, a more favorable atmosphere for business initiative, a more realistic exchange rate, a moderate inflation rate, and continued support by international organizations. President JAGDEO, the former finance minister, is taking steps to reform the economy, including drafting an investment code and restructuring the inefficient and unresponsive public sector. Problems include a shortage of skilled labor and a deficient infrastructure. The government must persist in efforts to manage its sizable external debt and attract new investment. The Peruvian economy has become increasingly market-oriented, with major privatizations completed since 1990 in the mining, electricity, and telecommunications industries. Thanks to strong foreign investment and the cooperation between the FUJIMORI government and the IMF and World Bank, growth was strong in 1994-97 and inflation was brought under control. In 1998, El Nino's impact on agriculture, the financial crisis in Asia, and instability in Brazilian markets undercut growth. And 1999 was another lean year for Peru, with the aftermath of El Nino and the Asian financial crisis working its way through the economy. Political instability resulting from the presidential election and FUJIMORI's subsequent departure from office limited economic growth in 2000.
Electricity - consumption 423.2 million kWh (1999) 17.565 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 1 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 455 million kWh (1999) 18.886 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
98.9%

hydro:
1.1%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel:
23.04%

hydro:
76.43%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0.53% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Mount Roraima 2,835 m
lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Nevado Huascaran 6,768 m
Environment - current issues water pollution from sewage and agricultural and industrial chemicals; deforestation deforestation (some the result of illegal logging); overgrazing of the slopes of the costa and sierra leading to soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Lima; pollution of rivers and coastal waters from municipal and mining wastes
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
party to:
Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Ethnic groups East Indian 49%, black 32%, mixed 12%, Amerindian 6%, white and Chinese 1% Amerindian 45%, mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 37%, white 15%, black, Japanese, Chinese, and other 3%
Exchange rates Guyanese dollars per US dollar - 184.1 (November 2000), 182.2 (2000), 178.0 (1999), 150.5 (1998), 142.4 (1997), 140.4 (1996) nuevo sol per US dollar - 3.5230 (January 2001), 3.4900 (2000), 3.383 (1999), 2.930 (1998), 2.664 (1997), 2.453 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Bharrat JAGDEO (since 11 August 1999); note - assumed presidency after resignation of President JAGAN

head of government:
Prime Minister Samuel HINDS (since NA December 1997)

cabinet:
Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president, responsible to the legislature

elections:
president elected by the majority party in the National Assembly following legislative elections, which must be held at least every five years; elections last held 19 March 2001 (next to be held NA); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
President Bharrat JAGDEO reelected; percent of legislative vote - NA%
chief of state:
President Alejandro TOLEDO (since 28 July 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; additionally two vice presidents are provided for by the Constitution, First Vice President Raul DIEZ Conseco (since 28 July 2001) and Second Vice President David WAISMAN (since 28 July 2001)

head of government:
President Alejandro TOLEDO (since 28 July 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; additionally two vice presidents are provided for by the Constitution, First Vice President Raul DIEZ Conseco (since 28 July 2001) and Second Vice President David WAISMAN (since 28 July 2001)

note:
Prime Minister Roberto DANINO (since 28 July 2001) does not exercise executive power; this power is in the hands of the president

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; special presidential election held 8 April 2001 with runoff election 3 June 2001); next to be held NA 2006

election results:
President TOLEDO elected in runoff election; percent of vote - Alejandro TOLEDO 53.1%, Alan GARCIA 46.9%
Exports $570 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $7 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities sugar, gold, bauxite/alumina, rice, shrimp, molasses, rum, timber fish and fish products, copper, zinc, gold, crude petroleum and byproducts, lead, coffee, sugar, cotton
Exports - partners US 22%, Canada 22%, UK 18%, Netherlands Antilles 11%, Jamaica (1999) US 29%, EU 25%, Andean Community 6%, Japan 4%, Mercosur 3% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description green, with a red isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) superimposed on a long, yellow arrowhead; there is a narrow, black border between the red and yellow, and a narrow, white border between the yellow and the green three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), white, and red with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a shield bearing a llama, cinchona tree (the source of quinine), and a yellow cornucopia spilling out gold coins, all framed by a green wreath
GDP purchasing power parity - $3.4 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $123 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
34.7%

industry:
32.5%

services:
32.8% (1998 est.)
agriculture:
15%

industry:
42%

services:
43% (1999)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $4,800 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $4,550 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 3% (2000 est.) 3.6% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 5 00 N, 59 00 W 10 00 S, 76 00 W
Geography - note - shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake, with Bolivia
Highways total:
7,970 km

paved:
590 km

unpaved:
7,380 km (1996)
total:
72,900 km

paved:
8,700 km

unpaved:
64,200 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%:
1.9%

highest 10%:
34.3% (1994)
Illicit drugs transshipment point for narcotics from South America - primarily Venezuela - to Europe and the US; producer of cannabis until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru reduced the area of coca under cultivation by 64% to 34,200 hectares between 1996 and the end of 2000; much of the cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Colombia for processing into cocaine for the international drug market; increasing amounts of finished cocaine, however, are being shipped to Europe or to Brazil and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipped to world markets
Imports $660 million (c.i.f., 2000 est.) $7.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities manufactures, machinery, petroleum, food machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum, iron and steel, chemicals, pharmaceuticals
Imports - partners US 29%, Trinidad and Tobago 18%, Netherlands Antilles 16%, UK 7%, Japan (1999) US 32%, EU 21%, Andean Community 6%, Mercosur 8%, Japan 5% (1999)
Independence 26 May 1966 (from UK) 28 July 1821 (from Spain)
Industrial production growth rate 7.1% (1997 est.) 8.5% (2000 est.)
Industries bauxite, sugar, rice milling, timber, fishing (shrimp), textiles, gold mining mining of metals, petroleum, fishing, textiles, clothing, food processing, cement, auto assembly, steel, shipbuilding, metal fabrication
Infant mortality rate 38.72 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 39.39 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 5.9% (2000 est.) 3.7% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACP, C, Caricom, CCC, CDB, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, LAES, NAM, OAS, OIC, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO ABEDA, APEC, CAN, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA, MONUC, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNTAET, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 3 (2000) 10 (2000)
Irrigated land 1,300 sq km (1993 est.) 12,800 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court of Judicature; Judicial Court of Appeal; High Court Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges are appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary)
Labor force 245,492 (1992) 7.6 million (1996 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA% agriculture, mining and quarrying, manufacturing, construction, transport, services
Land boundaries total:
2,462 km

border countries:
Brazil 1,119 km, Suriname 600 km, Venezuela 743 km
total:
5,536 km

border countries:
Bolivia 900 km, Brazil 1,560 km, Chile 160 km, Colombia 1,496 km (est.), Ecuador 1,420 km
Land use arable land:
2%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
6%

forests and woodland:
84%

other:
8% (1993 est.)
arable land:
3%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
21%

forests and woodland:
66%

other:
10% (1993 est.)
Languages English, Amerindian dialects, Creole, Hindi, Urdu Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara
Legal system based on English common law with certain admixtures of Roman-Dutch law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly (65 seats, 53 elected by popular vote, 10 elected by the ten Regional Democratic Councils, and 2 elected by the National Congress of Local Democratic Organs; members serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 19 March 2001 (next to be held NA March 2006)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PPP/C 34, PNC 27, GAP and WPA 2, ROAR 1, TUF 1
unicameral Democratic Constituent Congress or Congresso Constituyente Democratico (120 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 9 April 2000 (next to be held 8 April 2001)

note:
many congressmen defected to and then from former President FUJIMORI's coalition in 2000

election results:
percent of vote by party - Peru 2000 42.16%, Peru Possible 23.34%, FIM 7.56%, Somos Peru 7.2%, APRA 5.5%, others 14.24%; seats by party - Peru 2000 52, Peru Possible 29, FIM 9, others 30
Life expectancy at birth total population:
63.31 years

male:
60.52 years

female:
66.24 years (2001 est.)
total population:
70.3 years

male:
67.9 years

female:
72.81 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over has ever attended school

total population:
98.1%

male:
98.6%

female:
97.5% (1995 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
88.7%

male:
94.5%

female:
83% (1995 est.)
Location Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Suriname and Venezuela Western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador
Map references South America South America
Maritime claims continental shelf:
200 NM or to the outer edge of the continental margin

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
continental shelf:
200 NM

territorial sea:
200 NM
Merchant marine total:
2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,929 GRT/4,507 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 2 (2000 est.)
total:
6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 40,623 GRT/61,769 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 5, petroleum tanker 1 (2000 est.)
Military branches Guyana Defense Force (GDF; includes Ground Forces, Coast Guard, and Air Corps), Guyana People's Militia (GPM), Guyana National Service (GNS), Guyana Police Force Army (Ejercito Peruano), Navy (Marina de Guerra del Peru; includes Naval Air, Marines, and Coast Guard), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea del Peru), National Police (Policia Nacional)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $7 million (FY94) $1 billion (FY00)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.7% (FY94) 1.9% (FY00)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
204,938 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
7,205,675 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
154,259 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
4,847,250 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 20 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
276,458 (2001 est.)
National holiday Republic Day, 23 February (1970) Independence Day, 28 July (1821)
Nationality noun:
Guyanese (singular and plural)

adjective:
Guyanese
noun:
Peruvian(s)

adjective:
Peruvian
Natural hazards flash floods are a constant threat during rainy seasons earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, mild volcanic activity
Natural resources bauxite, gold, diamonds, hardwood timber, shrimp, fish copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash, hydropower
Net migration rate -8.38 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -1.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 800 km; natural gas and natural gas liquids 64 km
Political parties and leaders Alliance for Guyana or AFG (includes Guyana Labor Party or GLP and Working People's Alliance or WPA [Rupert ROOPNARINE]; Guyana Action Party or GAP [leader NA]; Guyana Labor Party or GLP [leader NA]; People's National Congress or PNC [Hugh Desmond HOYTE]; People's Progressive Party or PPP [Janet JAGEN]; Rise, Organize and Rebuild or ROAR [Ravi DEV]; The United Force or TUF [Manzoor NADIR]; Working People's Alliance or WPA [Rupert ROOPARNINE] American Popular Revolutionary Alliance or APRA [Alan GARCIA]; Andean Rebirth [Ciro GALVEZ Herreria]; Avancemos [leader NA]; Democratic Cause [Jorge SANTISTEVAN]; Independent Moralizing Front or FIM [Fernando OLIVERA Vega]; National Solidarity or SN [Luis CASTANEDA Lossio]; National Unity [Lourdes FLORES Nano]; Peru 2000 [leader NA]; Peru Posible or PP [Alejandro TOLEDO Maniquez]; Popular Action or AP [leader NA]; Popular Agrarian Front of Peru or Frepap [leader NA]; Popular Solution [Carlos BOLONA Behr]; Project Country [Mario Antonio ARRUNATEGUI]; Somos Peru or SP [Alberto ANDRADE]; Union for Peru or UPP [leader NA]; Vamos Vecinos or VV [Absalon VASQUEZ]
Political pressure groups and leaders Civil Liberties Action Committee or CLAC; Guyana Council of Indian Organizations or GCIO; Rise, Organize and Rebuild or ROAR [Ravi DEV]; Trades Union Congress or TUC

note:
the GCIO and the CLAC are small and active but not well organized
leftist guerrilla groups include Shining Path [Abimael GUZMAN Reynoso (imprisoned), Gabriel MACARIO (top leader at-large)]; Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement or MRTA [Victor POLAY (imprisoned), Hugo AVALLENEDA Valdez (top leader at-large)]
Population 697,181

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
27,483,864 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 49% (1994 est.)
Population growth rate 0.07% (2001 est.) 1.7% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Bartica, Georgetown, Linden, New Amsterdam, Parika Callao, Chimbote, Ilo, Matarani, Paita, Puerto Maldonado, Salaverry, San Martin, Talara, Iquitos, Pucallpa, Yurimaguas

note:
Iquitos, Pucallpa, and Yurimaguas are all on the upper reaches of the Amazon and its tributaries
Radio broadcast stations AM 3, FM 3, shortwave 1 (1998) AM 472, FM 198, shortwave 189 (1999)
Radios 420,000 (1997) 6.65 million (1997)
Railways total:
187 km (all dedicated to ore transport)

standard gauge:
139 km 1.435-m gauge

narrow gauge:
48 km 0.914-m gauge
total:
1,988 km

standard gauge:
1,608 km 1.435-m gauge

narrow gauge:
380 km 0.914-m gauge
Religions Christian 50%, Hindu 33%, Muslim 9%, other 8% Roman Catholic 90%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.81 male(s)/female

total population:
1.01 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.85 male(s)/female

total population:
1.01 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
fair system for long-distance calling

domestic:
microwave radio relay network for trunk lines

international:
tropospheric scatter to Trinidad; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment:
adequate for most requirements

domestic:
nationwide microwave radio relay system and a domestic satellite system with 12 earth stations

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); Pan American submarine cable
Telephones - main lines in use 70,000 (2000) 1.509 million (1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular 6,100 (2000) 504,995 (1998)
Television broadcast stations 3 (one public station; two private stations which relay US satellite services) (1997) 13 (plus 112 repeaters) (1997)
Terrain mostly rolling highlands; low coastal plain; savanna in south western coastal plain (costa), high and rugged Andes in center (sierra), eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin (selva)
Total fertility rate 2.1 children born/woman (2001 est.) 2.96 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 12% (1992 est.) 7.7%; extensive underemployment (1997)
Waterways 5,900 km (total length of navigable waterways)

note:
Berbice, Demerara, and Essequibo rivers are navigable by oceangoing vessels for 150 km, 100 km, and 80 km, respectively
8,808 km

note:
8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon system and 208 km of Lago Titicaca
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