Compare Gibraltar (2002) - Reunion (2002)

Compare Gibraltar (2002) z Reunion (2002)

	Gibraltar (2002)	Reunion (2002)

Administrative divisions	none (overseas territory of the UK)	none (overseas department of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 4 arrondissements, 24 communes, and 47 cantons
Age structure	0-14 years: 18.5% (male 2,633; female 2,509) 15-64 years: 66.3% (male 9,456; female 8,907) 65 years and over: 15.2% (male 1,803; female 2,406) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: 31.7% (male 120,864; female 115,251) 15-64 years: 62.5% (male 228,864; female 235,991) 65 years and over: 5.8% (male 17,459; female 25,552) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	none	sugarcane, vanilla, tobacco, tropical fruits, vegetables, corn
Airports	1 (2001)	2 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)	total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Area	total: 6.5 sq km land: 6.5 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 2,517 sq km land: 2,507 sq km water: 10 sq km
Area - comparative	about 11 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC	slightly smaller than Rhode Island
Background	Strategically important, Gibraltar was ceded to Great Britain by Spain in the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht; the British garrison was formally declared a colony in 1830. In referendums held in 1967 and 2002, Gibraltarians ignored Spanish pressure and voted overwhelmingly to remain a British dependency.	The Portuguese discovered the uninhabited island in 1513. From the 17th to the 19th centuries, French immigration supplemented by influxes of Africans, Chinese, Malays, and Malabar Indians gave the island its ethnic mix. The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 cost the island its importance as a stopover on the East Indies trade route.
Birth rate	11.19 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	20.7 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $307 million expenditures: $284 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY00/01 est. )	revenues: NA expenditures: NA, including capital expenditures of $NA
Capital	Gibraltar	Saint-Denis
Climate	Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers	tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry from May to November, hot and rainy from November to April
Coastline	12 km	207 km
Constitution	30 May 1969	28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Gibraltar	conventional long form: Department of Reunion conventional short form: Reunion local long form: none local short form: Ile de la Reunion former: Bourbon Island
Currency	Gibraltar pound (GIP)	euro (EUR); French franc (FRF)
Death rate	8.88 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	5.51 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	$NA	$NA
Dependency status	overseas territory of the UK	overseas department of France
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas territory of the UK)	none (overseas department of France)
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas territory of the UK)	none (overseas department of France)
Disputes - international	Spain and UK are discussing "total shared sovereignty" to resolve 300-year dispute over Gibraltar, but resolution is subject to a constitutional referendum by Gibraltarians, who have largely expressed opposition to any form of cession to Spain	none
Economic aid - recipient	$NA; note - if an agreement between Spain and the UK is reached, could receive 50 million euros from the EU	$NA; note - substantial annual subsidies from France
Economy - overview	Gibraltar benefits from an extensive shipping trade, offshore banking, and its position as an international conference center. The British military presence has been sharply reduced and now contributes about 11% to the local economy. The financial sector accounts for 20% of GDP; tourism (almost 6 million visitors in 1998), shipping services fees, and duties on consumer goods also generate revenue. In recent years, Gibraltar has seen major structural change from a public to a private sector economy, but changes in government spending still have a major impact on the level of employment.	The economy has traditionally been based on agriculture. Sugarcane has been the primary crop for more than a century, and in some years it accounts for 85% of exports. The government has been pushing the development of a tourist industry to relieve high unemployment, which amounts to more than 40% of the labor force. The gap in Reunion between the well-off and the poor is extraordinary and accounts for the persistent social tensions. The white and Indian communities are substantially better off than other segments of the population, often approaching European standards, whereas minority groups suffer the poverty and unemployment typical of the poorer nations of the African continent. The outbreak of severe rioting in February 1991 illustrates the seriousness of socioeconomic tensions. The economic well-being of Reunion depends heavily on continued financial assistance from France.
Electricity - consumption	90.21 million kWh (2000)	1.014 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	97 million kWh (2000)	1.09 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	fossil fuel: 55% hydro: 45% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Rock of Gibraltar 426 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Piton des Neiges 3,069 m
Environment - current issues	limited natural freshwater resources: large concrete or natural rock water catchments collect rainwater (no longer used for drinking water) and adequate desalination plant	NA
Ethnic groups	Spanish, Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese	French, African, Malagasy, Chinese, Pakistani, Indian
Exchange rates	Gibraltar pounds per US dollar - 0.6981 (January 2002), 0.8977 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6106 (1997); note - the Gibraltar pound is at par with the British pound	euros per US dollar - 1.1324 (January 2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); French francs per US dollar - 5.8995 (1998), 5.8367 (1997)
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor and Commander-in-Chief David DURIE (since 5 April 2000); note - Sir Francis RICHARDS was appointed governor 18 December 2002 and will take office in May 2003 head of government: Chief Minister Peter CARUANA (since 17 May 1996) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed from among the 15 elected members of the House of Assembly by the governor in consultation with the chief minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed chief minister by the governor	chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Gonthier FRIEDERICI (since NA) head of government: President of the General Council Jean-Luc POUDROUX (since NA March 1998) and President of the Regional Council Paul VERGES (since NA March 1993) cabinet: NA elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; the presidents of the General and Regional Councils are elected by the members of those councils
Exports	$81.1 million f.o.b. (1997)	$214 million f.o.b. (1997)
Exports - commodities	(principally reexports) petroleum 51%, manufactured goods 41%, other 8%	sugar 63%, rum and molasses 4%, perfume essences 2%, lobster 3%, (1993)
Exports - partners	UK, Morocco, Portugal, Netherlands, Spain, US, Germany	France 74%, Japan 6%, Comoros 4% (1994)
Fiscal year	1 July - 30 June	calendar year
Flag description	two horizontal bands of white (top, double width) and red with a three-towered red castle in the center of the white band; hanging from the castle gate is a gold key centered in the red band	the flag of France is used
GDP	purchasing power parity - $500 million (1997 est.)	purchasing power parity - $3.4 billion (1998 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $17,500 (1997 est.)	purchasing power parity - $4,800 (1998 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	NA%	3.8% (1998 est.)
Geographic coordinates	36 8 N, 5 21 W	21 06 S, 55 36 E
Geography - note	strategic location on Strait of Gibraltar that links the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea	this mountainous, volcanic island has an active volcano, Piton de la Fournaise; there is a tropical cyclone center at Saint-Denis, which is the monitoring station for the whole of the Indian Ocean
Highways	total: 46.25 km paved: 46.25 km unpaved: 0 km (2001)	total: 2,724 km paved: 1,300 km (including 73 km of four-lane road) unpaved: 1,424 km note: 370 km of road are maintained by national authorities, 754 km by departmental authorities and 1,600 km by local authorities (1994)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	$492 million c.i.f. (1997)	$2.5 billion c.i.f. (1997)
Imports - commodities	fuels, manufactured goods, and foodstuffs	manufactured goods, food, beverages, tobacco, machinery and transportation equipment, raw materials, and petroleum products
Imports - partners	UK, Spain, Japan, Netherlands	France 64%, Bahrain 3%, Germany 3%, Italy 3% (1994)
Independence	none (overseas territory of the UK)	none (overseas department of France)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	NA%
Industries	tourism, banking and finance, ship-building and repairing; tobacco, mineral water, beer	sugar, rum, cigarettes, handicraft items, flower oil extraction
Infant mortality rate	5.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	8.31 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1.5% (1998)	NA%
International organization participation	Interpol (subbureau)	FZ, InOC, WFTU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	2 (2000)	1 (2000)
Irrigated land	NA sq km	120 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court; Court of Appeal	Court of Appeals or Cour d'Appel
Labor force	14,800 (including non-Gibraltar laborers)	261,000 (1995) (1995)
Labor force - by occupation	services 60%, industry 40%, agriculture NEGL%	agriculture 8%, industry 19%, services 73% (1990) (1990)
Land boundaries	total: 1.2 km border countries: Spain 1.2 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)	arable land: 13.2% permanent crops: 2% other: 84.8% (1998 est.)
Languages	English (used in schools and for official purposes), Spanish, Italian, Portuguese	French (official), Creole widely used
Legal system	English law	French law
Legislative branch	unicameral House of Assembly (18 seats - 15 elected by popular vote, one appointed for the Speaker, and two ex officio members; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 10 February 2000 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - GSD 58%, GSLP 41%; seats by party - GSD 8, GSLP 7	unicameral General Council (49 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve six-year terms) and a unicameral Regional Council (45 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve six-year terms) elections: General Council - last held 15 and 22 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2004); Regional Council - last held 15 March 1998 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: General Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - various right-wing candidates 13, PCR 10, PS 10, UDF 8, RPR 6, other left-wing candidates 2; Regional Council - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PCR 19, UDF 9, RPR 8, various right-wing candidates 4, various left-wing candidates 5 note: Reunion elects three representatives to the French Senate; elections last held NA 2001 (next to be held NA 2006); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; Reunion also elects five deputies to the French National Assembly; elections last held 9 June-16 June 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - UMP-RPR 1, UMP 1, PCR 1
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 79.23 years male: 76.37 years female: 82.25 years (2002 est.)	total population: 73.18 years male: 69.78 years female: 76.74 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: NA total population: above 80% male: NA% female: NA%	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 79% male: 76% female: 80% (1982 est.)
Location	Southwestern Europe, bordering the Strait of Gibraltar, which links the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southern coast of Spain	Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar
Map references	Europe	World
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 3 NM	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	total: 75 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 900,400 GRT/1,277,611 DWT ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 35, chemical tanker 6, container 10, multi-functional large-load carrier 3, passenger 3, petroleum tanker 14, roll on/roll off 2 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belgium 1, Cyprus 1, France 2, Germany 55, Greece 6, Ireland 1, Monaco 2, Norway 3, United Kingdom 13 (2002 est.)	total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 28,264 GRT/44,885 DWT ships by type: chemical tanker 1 note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: France 1 (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the UK	defense is the responsibility of France
Military branches	no regular indigenous military forces; British Army, Royal Navy, Royal Air Force	no regular indigenous military forces; French forces (including Army, Navy, Air Force, and Gendarmerie)
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 194,485 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 99,251 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age	-	18 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	-	males: 6,243 (2002 est.)
National holiday	National Day, 10 September (1964); note - day of the national referendum to decide whether to remain with the UK or go with Spain	Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Nationality	noun: Gibraltarian(s) adjective: Gibraltar	noun: Reunionese (singular and plural) adjective: Reunionese
Natural hazards	NA	periodic, devastating cyclones (December to April); Piton de la Fournaise on the southeastern coast is an active volcano
Natural resources	NEGL	fish, arable land, hydropower
Net migration rate	NEGL migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines	0 km	-
Political parties and leaders	Gibraltar Social Democrats or GSD [Peter CARUANA]; Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party or GSLP [Joseph John BOSSANO]	Communist Party of Reunion or PCR [Paul VERGES]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Andre Maurice PIHOUEE]; Socialist Party or PS [Jean-Claude FRUTEAU]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Gilbert GERARD]
Political pressure groups and leaders	Chamber of Commerce; Gibraltar Representatives Organization; Women's Association	NA
Population	27,714 (July 2002 est.)	743,981 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA%
Population growth rate	0.23% (2002 est.)	1.52% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	Gibraltar	Le Port, Pointe des Galets
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 2, FM 55, shortwave 0 (2001)
Radios	37,000 (1997)	173,000 (1997)
Railways	-	0 km
Religions	Roman Catholic 76.9%, Church of England 6.9%, Muslim 6.9%, Jewish 2.3%, none or other 7% (1991)	Roman Catholic 86%, Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist (1995)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal, plus other UK subjects who have been residents six months or more	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: adequate, automatic domestic system and adequate international facilities domestic: automatic exchange facilities international: radiotelephone; microwave radio relay; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)	general assessment: adequate system; principal center is Saint-Denis domestic: modern open wire and microwave radio relay network international: radiotelephone communication to Comoros, France, Madagascar; new microwave route to Mauritius; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	19,000 (1997)	268,500 (1999)
Telephones - mobile cellular	1,620 (1997)	197,000 (September 2000)
Television broadcast stations	1 (plus three low-power repeaters) (1997)	35 (plus 18 low-power repeaters) (2001)
Terrain	a narrow coastal lowland borders the Rock of Gibraltar	mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast
Total fertility rate	1.65 children born/woman (2002 est.)	2.55 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	13.5% (1996) (1996)	42.8% (1998) (1998)
Waterways	none	none

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