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Compare Gibraltar (2001) - Peru (2001)
Compare Gibraltar (2001) z Peru (2001)
| Gibraltar (2001) | Peru (2001) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | none (overseas territory of the UK) | 24 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento) and 1 constitutional province* (provincia constitucional); Amazonas, Ancash, Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Callao*, Cusco, Huancavelica, Huanuco, Ica, Junin, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Pasco, Piura, Puno, San Martin, Tacna, Tumbes, Ucayali
note: the 1979 constitution mandated the creation of regions (regiones, singular - region) to function eventually as autonomous economic and administrative entities; so far, 12 regions have been constituted from 23 of the 24 departments - Amazonas (from Loreto), Andres Avelino Caceres (from Huanuco, Pasco, Junin), Arequipa (from Arequipa), Chavin (from Ancash), Grau (from Tumbes, Piura), Inca (from Cusco, Madre de Dios, Apurimac), La Libertad (from La Libertad), Los Libertadores-Huari (from Ica, Ayacucho, Huancavelica), Mariategui (from Moquegua, Tacna, Puno), Nor Oriental del Maranon (from Lambayeque, Cajamarca, Amazonas), San Martin (from San Martin), Ucayali (from Ucayali); formation of another region has been delayed by the reluctance of the constitutional province of Callao to merge with the department of Lima; because of inadequate funding from the central government and organizational and political difficulties, the regions have yet to assume major responsibilities; the 1993 constitution retains the regions but limits their authority; the 1993 constitution also reaffirms the roles of departmental and municipal governments |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
18.73% (male 2,652; female 2,528) 15-64 years: 66.33% (male 9,473; female 8,866) 65 years and over: 14.94% (male 1,733; female 2,397) (2001 est.) |
0-14 years:
34.41% (male 4,803,464; female 4,654,890) 15-64 years: 60.8% (male 8,408,210; female 8,302,943) 65 years and over: 4.79% (male 603,309; female 711,048) (2001 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | none | coffee, cotton, sugarcane, rice, wheat, potatoes, plantains, coca; poultry, beef, dairy products, wool; fish |
| Airports | 1 (2000 est.) | 233 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
total:
46 over 3,047 m: 6 2,438 to 3,047 m: 18 1,524 to 2,437 m: 13 914 to 1,523 m: 8 under 914 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | - | total:
187 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 25 914 to 1,523 m: 65 under 914 m: 95 (2000 est.) |
| Area | total:
6.5 sq km land: 6.5 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total:
1,285,220 sq km land: 1.28 million sq km water: 5,220 sq km |
| Area - comparative | about 11 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC | slightly smaller than Alaska |
| Background | Strategically important, Gibraltar was ceded to Great Britain by Spain in the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht; the British garrison was formally declared a colony in 1830. In a 1967 referendum, Gibraltarians ignored Spanish pressure and voted overwhelmingly to remain a British dependency. | After a dozen years of military rule, Peru returned to democratic leadership in 1980. In recent years, bold reform programs and significant progress in curtailing guerrilla activity and drug trafficking have resulted in solid economic growth. |
| Birth rate | 11.25 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 23.9 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Budget | revenues:
$307 million expenditures: $284 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY00/01 est.) |
revenues:
$8.5 billion expenditures: $9.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $2 billion (1996 est.) |
| Capital | Gibraltar | Lima |
| Climate | Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers | varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid in Andes |
| Coastline | 12 km | 2,414 km |
| Constitution | 30 May 1969 | 31 December 1993 |
| Country name | conventional long form:
none conventional short form: Gibraltar |
conventional long form:
Republic of Peru conventional short form: Peru local long form: Republica del Peru local short form: Peru |
| Currency | Gibraltar pound (GIP) | nuevo sol (PEN) |
| Death rate | 8.82 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 5.78 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Debt - external | $NA | $31 billion (2000 est.) |
| Dependency status | overseas territory of the UK | - |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | none (overseas territory of the UK) | chief of mission:
Ambassador John HAMILTON embassy: Avenida La Encalada, Cuadra 17s/n, Surco, Lima 33 mailing address: P. O. Box 1995, Lima 1; American Embassy (Lima), APO AA 34031-5000 telephone: [51] (1) 434-3000 FAX: [51] (1) 434-3037 |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (overseas territory of the UK) | chief of mission:
Ambassador Alfonso RIVERO Monsalve chancery: 1700 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 833-9860 through 9869 FAX: [1] (202) 659-8124 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Paterson (New Jersey), San Francisco |
| Disputes - international | source of friction between Spain and the UK | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | $NA | $895.1 million (1995) |
| Economy - overview | Gibraltar benefits from an extensive shipping trade, offshore banking, and its position as an international conference center. The British military presence has been sharply reduced and now contributes about 11% to the local economy. The financial sector accounts for 20% of GDP; tourism (almost 6 million visitors in 1998), shipping services fees, and duties on consumer goods also generate revenue. In recent years, Gibraltar has seen major structural change from a public to a private sector economy, but changes in government spending still have a major impact on the level of employment. | The Peruvian economy has become increasingly market-oriented, with major privatizations completed since 1990 in the mining, electricity, and telecommunications industries. Thanks to strong foreign investment and the cooperation between the FUJIMORI government and the IMF and World Bank, growth was strong in 1994-97 and inflation was brought under control. In 1998, El Nino's impact on agriculture, the financial crisis in Asia, and instability in Brazilian markets undercut growth. And 1999 was another lean year for Peru, with the aftermath of El Nino and the Asian financial crisis working its way through the economy. Political instability resulting from the presidential election and FUJIMORI's subsequent departure from office limited economic growth in 2000. |
| Electricity - consumption | 88.4 million kWh (1999) | 17.565 billion kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (1999) | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (1999) | 1 million kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production | 95 million kWh (1999) | 18.886 billion kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel:
100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
fossil fuel:
23.04% hydro: 76.43% nuclear: 0% other: 0.53% (1999) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Rock of Gibraltar 426 m |
lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Nevado Huascaran 6,768 m |
| Environment - current issues | limited natural freshwater resources; large concrete or natural rock water catchments collect rainwater | deforestation (some the result of illegal logging); overgrazing of the slopes of the costa and sierra leading to soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Lima; pollution of rivers and coastal waters from municipal and mining wastes |
| Environment - international agreements | - | party to:
Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol |
| Ethnic groups | Spanish, Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese | Amerindian 45%, mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 37%, white 15%, black, Japanese, Chinese, and other 3% |
| Exchange rates | Gibraltar pounds per US dollar - 0.6764 (January 2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6106 (1997), 0.6403 (1996); note - the Gibraltar pound is at par with the British pound | nuevo sol per US dollar - 3.5230 (January 2001), 3.4900 (2000), 3.383 (1999), 2.930 (1998), 2.664 (1997), 2.453 (1996) |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor and Commander-in-Chief David DURIE (since 5 April 2000); note - DURIE was appointed in February 2000 but took office in April 2000 head of government: Chief Minister Peter CARUANA (since 17 May 1996) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed from among the 15 elected members of the House of Assembly by the governor in consultation with the chief minister; note - there is also a Gibraltar Council that advises the governor elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; chief minister appointed by the governor |
chief of state:
President Alejandro TOLEDO (since 28 July 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; additionally two vice presidents are provided for by the Constitution, First Vice President Raul DIEZ Conseco (since 28 July 2001) and Second Vice President David WAISMAN (since 28 July 2001) head of government: President Alejandro TOLEDO (since 28 July 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; additionally two vice presidents are provided for by the Constitution, First Vice President Raul DIEZ Conseco (since 28 July 2001) and Second Vice President David WAISMAN (since 28 July 2001) note: Prime Minister Roberto DANINO (since 28 July 2001) does not exercise executive power; this power is in the hands of the president cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; special presidential election held 8 April 2001 with runoff election 3 June 2001); next to be held NA 2006 election results: President TOLEDO elected in runoff election; percent of vote - Alejandro TOLEDO 53.1%, Alan GARCIA 46.9% |
| Exports | $81.1 million (f.o.b., 1997) | $7 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) |
| Exports - commodities | (principally reexports) petroleum 51%, manufactured goods 41%, other 8% | fish and fish products, copper, zinc, gold, crude petroleum and byproducts, lead, coffee, sugar, cotton |
| Exports - partners | UK, Morocco, Portugal, Netherlands, Spain, US, Germany | US 29%, EU 25%, Andean Community 6%, Japan 4%, Mercosur 3% (1999) |
| Fiscal year | 1 July - 30 June | calendar year |
| Flag description | two horizontal bands of white (top, double width) and red with a three-towered red castle in the center of the white band; hanging from the castle gate is a gold key centered in the red band | three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), white, and red with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a shield bearing a llama, cinchona tree (the source of quinine), and a yellow cornucopia spilling out gold coins, all framed by a green wreath |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $500 million (1997 est.) | purchasing power parity - $123 billion (2000 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
NA% industry: NA% services: NA% |
agriculture:
15% industry: 42% services: 43% (1999) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $17,500 (1997 est.) | purchasing power parity - $4,550 (2000 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | NA% | 3.6% (2000 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 36 11 N, 5 22 W | 10 00 S, 76 00 W |
| Geography - note | strategic location on Strait of Gibraltar that links the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea | shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake, with Bolivia |
| Highways | total:
46.25 km paved: 46.25 km unpaved: 0 km (2001) |
total:
72,900 km paved: 8,700 km unpaved: 64,200 km (1999 est.) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%:
1.9% highest 10%: 34.3% (1994) |
| Illicit drugs | - | until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru reduced the area of coca under cultivation by 64% to 34,200 hectares between 1996 and the end of 2000; much of the cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Colombia for processing into cocaine for the international drug market; increasing amounts of finished cocaine, however, are being shipped to Europe or to Brazil and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipped to world markets |
| Imports | $492 million (c.i.f., 1997) | $7.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) |
| Imports - commodities | fuels, manufactured goods, and foodstuffs | machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum, iron and steel, chemicals, pharmaceuticals |
| Imports - partners | UK, Spain, Japan, Netherlands | US 32%, EU 21%, Andean Community 6%, Mercosur 8%, Japan 5% (1999) |
| Independence | none (overseas territory of the UK) | 28 July 1821 (from Spain) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA% | 8.5% (2000 est.) |
| Industries | tourism, banking and finance, ship-building and repairing; support to large UK naval and air bases; tobacco, mineral water, beer, canned fish | mining of metals, petroleum, fishing, textiles, clothing, food processing, cement, auto assembly, steel, shipbuilding, metal fabrication |
| Infant mortality rate | 5.49 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) | 39.39 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 1.5% (1998) | 3.7% (2000 est.) |
| International organization participation | Interpol (subbureau) | ABEDA, APEC, CAN, CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, LAES, LAIA, MONUC, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNTAET, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 2 (2000) | 10 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | 12,800 sq km (1993 est.) |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court; Court of Appeal | Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges are appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary) |
| Labor force | 14,800 (including non-Gibraltar laborers) | 7.6 million (1996 est.) |
| Labor force - by occupation | services 60%, industry 40%, agriculture NEGL% | agriculture, mining and quarrying, manufacturing, construction, transport, services |
| Land boundaries | total:
1.2 km border countries: Spain 1.2 km |
total:
5,536 km border countries: Bolivia 900 km, Brazil 1,560 km, Chile 160 km, Colombia 1,496 km (est.), Ecuador 1,420 km |
| Land use | arable land:
0% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 100% (1993 est.) |
arable land:
3% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 21% forests and woodland: 66% other: 10% (1993 est.) |
| Languages | English (used in schools and for official purposes), Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Russian | Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara |
| Legal system | English law | based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Legislative branch | unicameral House of Assembly (18 seats - 15 elected by popular vote, one appointed for the Speaker, and two ex officio members; members serve four-year terms)
elections: last held 10 February 2000 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - GSD 58%, GSLP 41%; seats by party - GSD 8, GSLP 7 |
unicameral Democratic Constituent Congress or Congresso Constituyente Democratico (120 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 9 April 2000 (next to be held 8 April 2001) note: many congressmen defected to and then from former President FUJIMORI's coalition in 2000 election results: percent of vote by party - Peru 2000 42.16%, Peru Possible 23.34%, FIM 7.56%, Somos Peru 7.2%, APRA 5.5%, others 14.24%; seats by party - Peru 2000 52, Peru Possible 29, FIM 9, others 30 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
79.09 years male: 76.23 years female: 82.1 years (2001 est.) |
total population:
70.3 years male: 67.9 years female: 72.81 years (2001 est.) |
| Literacy | definition:
NA total population: above 80% male: NA% female: NA% |
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 88.7% male: 94.5% female: 83% (1995 est.) |
| Location | Southwestern Europe, bordering the Strait of Gibraltar, which links the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southern coast of Spain | Western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador |
| Map references | Europe | South America |
| Maritime claims | territorial sea:
3 NM |
continental shelf:
200 NM territorial sea: 200 NM |
| Merchant marine | total:
49 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 669,056 GRT/1,003,809 DWT ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 15, chemical tanker 6, container 7, multi-functional large-load carrier 3, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 14, roll on/roll off 1 (2000 est.) |
total:
6 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 40,623 GRT/61,769 DWT ships by type: cargo 5, petroleum tanker 1 (2000 est.) |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of the UK | - |
| Military branches | British Army, Royal Navy, Royal Air Force | Army (Ejercito Peruano), Navy (Marina de Guerra del Peru; includes Naval Air, Marines, and Coast Guard), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea del Peru), National Police (Policia Nacional) |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | - | $1 billion (FY00) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | - | 1.9% (FY00) |
| Military manpower - availability | - | males age 15-49:
7,205,675 (2001 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | - | males age 15-49:
4,847,250 (2001 est.) |
| Military manpower - military age | - | 20 years of age |
| Military manpower - reaching military age annually | - | males:
276,458 (2001 est.) |
| National holiday | Commonwealth Day, second Monday of March | Independence Day, 28 July (1821) |
| Nationality | noun:
Gibraltarian(s) adjective: Gibraltar |
noun:
Peruvian(s) adjective: Peruvian |
| Natural hazards | NA | earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, mild volcanic activity |
| Natural resources | NEGL | copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash, hydropower |
| Net migration rate | NEGL migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) | -1.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Pipelines | 0 km | crude oil 800 km; natural gas and natural gas liquids 64 km |
| Political parties and leaders | Gibraltar Social Democrats or GSD [Peter CARUANA]; Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party or GSLP [Joseph John BOSSANO] | American Popular Revolutionary Alliance or APRA [Alan GARCIA]; Andean Rebirth [Ciro GALVEZ Herreria]; Avancemos [leader NA]; Democratic Cause [Jorge SANTISTEVAN]; Independent Moralizing Front or FIM [Fernando OLIVERA Vega]; National Solidarity or SN [Luis CASTANEDA Lossio]; National Unity [Lourdes FLORES Nano]; Peru 2000 [leader NA]; Peru Posible or PP [Alejandro TOLEDO Maniquez]; Popular Action or AP [leader NA]; Popular Agrarian Front of Peru or Frepap [leader NA]; Popular Solution [Carlos BOLONA Behr]; Project Country [Mario Antonio ARRUNATEGUI]; Somos Peru or SP [Alberto ANDRADE]; Union for Peru or UPP [leader NA]; Vamos Vecinos or VV [Absalon VASQUEZ] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | Chamber of Commerce; Gibraltar Representatives Organization; Housewives Association | leftist guerrilla groups include Shining Path [Abimael GUZMAN Reynoso (imprisoned), Gabriel MACARIO (top leader at-large)]; Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement or MRTA [Victor POLAY (imprisoned), Hugo AVALLENEDA Valdez (top leader at-large)] |
| Population | 27,649 (July 2001 est.) | 27,483,864 (July 2001 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | 49% (1994 est.) |
| Population growth rate | 0.24% (2001 est.) | 1.7% (2001 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Gibraltar | Callao, Chimbote, Ilo, Matarani, Paita, Puerto Maldonado, Salaverry, San Martin, Talara, Iquitos, Pucallpa, Yurimaguas
note: Iquitos, Pucallpa, and Yurimaguas are all on the upper reaches of the Amazon and its tributaries |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998) | AM 472, FM 198, shortwave 189 (1999) |
| Radios | 37,000 (1997) | 6.65 million (1997) |
| Railways | total:
NA km; 1.000-m gauge system in dockyard area only |
total:
1,988 km standard gauge: 1,608 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 380 km 0.914-m gauge |
| Religions | Roman Catholic 76.9%, Church of England 6.9%, Muslim 6.9%, Jewish 2.3%, none or other 7% (1991) | Roman Catholic 90% |
| Sex ratio | at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal, plus other UK subjects who have been residents six months or more | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
adequate, automatic domestic system and adequate international facilities domestic: automatic exchange facilities international: radiotelephone; microwave radio relay; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) |
general assessment:
adequate for most requirements domestic: nationwide microwave radio relay system and a domestic satellite system with 12 earth stations international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); Pan American submarine cable |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 19,000 (1997) | 1.509 million (1998) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 1,620 (1997) | 504,995 (1998) |
| Television broadcast stations | 1 (plus three low-power repeaters) (1997) | 13 (plus 112 repeaters) (1997) |
| Terrain | a narrow coastal lowland borders the Rock of Gibraltar | western coastal plain (costa), high and rugged Andes in center (sierra), eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin (selva) |
| Total fertility rate | 1.64 children born/woman (2001 est.) | 2.96 children born/woman (2001 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 13.5% (1996) | 7.7%; extensive underemployment (1997) |
| Waterways | none | 8,808 km
note: 8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon system and 208 km of Lago Titicaca |
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