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Compare Ghana (2006) - Libya (2001)

Compare Ghana (2006) z Libya (2001)

 Ghana (2006)Libya (2001)
 GhanaLibya
Administrative divisions 10 regions; Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, Northern, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, Western 25 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ajdabiya, Al 'Aziziyah, Al Fatih, Al Jabal al Akhdar, Al Jufrah, Al Khums, Al Kufrah, An Nuqat al Khams, Ash Shati', Awbari, Az Zawiyah, Banghazi, Darnah, Ghadamis, Gharyan, Misratah, Murzuq, Sabha, Sawfajjin, Surt, Tarabulus, Tarhunah, Tubruq, Yafran, Zlitan; note - the 25 municipalities may have been replaced by 13 regions
Age structure 0-14 years: 38.8% (male 4,395,744/female 4,288,720)


15-64 years: 57.7% (male 6,450,828/female 6,483,781)


65 years and over: 3.5% (male 371,428/female 419,071) (2006 est.)
0-14 years:
35.41% (male 947,645; female 907,854)

15-64 years:
60.64% (male 1,645,085; female 1,533,066)

65 years and over:
3.95% (male 101,701; female 105,248) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products cocoa, rice, coffee, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, corn, shea nuts, bananas; timber wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus, vegetables, peanuts, soybeans; cattle
Airports 12 (2006) 136 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 7


over 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 4


914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2006)
total:
58

over 3,047 m:
23

2,438 to 3,047 m:
6

1,524 to 2,437 m:
22

914 to 1,523 m:
5

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 5


914 to 1,523 m: 3


under 914 m: 2 (2006)
total:
78

over 3,047 m:
4

2,438 to 3,047 m:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
14

914 to 1,523 m:
40

under 914 m:
18 (2000 est.)
Area total: 239,460 sq km


land: 230,940 sq km


water: 8,520 sq km
total:
1,759,540 sq km

land:
1,759,540 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Oregon slightly larger than Alaska
Background Formed from the merger of the British colony of the Gold Coast and the Togoland trust territory, Ghana in 1957 became the first sub-Saharan country in colonial Africa to gain its independence. A long series of coups resulted in the suspension of the constitution in 1981 and a ban on political parties. A new constitution, restoring multiparty politics, was approved in 1992. Lt. Jerry RAWLINGS, head of state since 1981, won presidential elections in 1992 and 1996, but was constitutionally prevented from running for a third term in 2000. John KUFUOR, who defeated former Vice President Atta MILLS in a free and fair election, succeeded him. Since he took power in a 1969 military coup, Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI has espoused his own political system - a combination of socialism and Islam - which he calls the Third International Theory. Viewing himself as a revolutionary leader, he used oil funds during the 1970s and 1980s to promote his ideology outside Libya, even supporting subversives and terrorists abroad to hasten the end of Marxism and capitalism. Libyan military adventures failed, e.g., the prolonged foray of Libyan troops into the Aozou Strip in northern Chad was finally repulsed in 1987. Libyan support for terrorism decreased after UN sanctions were imposed in 1992. Those sanctions were suspended in April 1999.
Birth rate 30.52 births/1,000 population (2006 est.) 27.67 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $3.216 billion


expenditures: $3.506 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (2005 est.)
revenues:
$6.85 billion

expenditures:
$4.4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
Capital name: Accra


geographic coordinates: 5 33 N, 0 13 W


time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Tripoli
Climate tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior
Coastline 539 km 1,770 km
Constitution approved 28 April 1992 11 December 1969, amended 2 March 1977
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Ghana


conventional short form: Ghana


former: Gold Coast
conventional long form:
Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

conventional short form:
Libya

local long form:
Al Jumahiriyah al Arabiyah al Libiyah ash Shabiyah al Ishtirakiyah al Uzma

local short form:
none
Currency - Libyan dinar (LYD)
Death rate 9.72 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.) 3.51 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $6.999 billion (2005 est.) $4.1 billion (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Mary Carlin YATES


embassy: 6th and 10th Lanes, 798/1 Osu, Accra


mailing address: P. O. Box 194, Accra


telephone: [233] (21) 775-347, 775-348


FAX: [233] (21) 701-813
the US suspended all embassy activities in Tripoli on 2 May 1980
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Fritz Kwabena POKU


chancery: 1156 15th St. NW #905, Washington, DC 20005


telephone: [1] (202) 785-1379


FAX: [1] (202) 785-1430


consulate(s) general: New York
Libya does not have an embassy in the US
Disputes - international Ghana struggles to accommodate returning nationals who worked in the cocoa plantations and escaped fighting in Cote d'Ivoire Libya claims about 19,400 sq km in northern Niger and also a part of southeastern Algeria
Economic aid - recipient $6.9 billion (1999) $8.4 million (1995)
Economy - overview Well endowed with natural resources, Ghana has roughly twice the per capita output of the poorer countries in West Africa. Even so, Ghana remains heavily dependent on international financial and technical assistance. Gold, timber, and cocoa production are major sources of foreign exchange. The domestic economy continues to revolve around subsistence agriculture, which accounts for 34% of GDP and employs 60% of the work force, mainly small landholders. Ghana opted for debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) program in 2002, but was included in a G-8 debt relief program decided upon at the Gleneagles Summit in July 2005. Priorities under its current $38 million Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) include tighter monetary and fiscal policies, accelerated privatization, and improvement of social services. Receipts from the gold sector helped sustain GDP growth in 2005 along with record high prices for Ghana's largest cocoa crop to date. Inflation should ease but remains a major internal problem. Ghana also remains a candidate country to benefit from Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) funding that could assist in transforming Ghana's agricultural export sector. A final decision on its MCC bid is expected in spring 2006. The socialist-oriented economy depends primarily upon revenues from the oil sector, which contributes practically all export earnings and about one-quarter of GDP. These oil revenues and a small population give Libya one of the highest per capita GDPs in Africa, but little of this income flows down to the lower orders of society. In this statist society, import restrictions and inefficient resource allocations have led to periodic shortages of basic goods and foodstuffs. The nonoil manufacturing and construction sectors, which account for about 20% of GDP, have expanded from processing mostly agricultural products to include the production of petrochemicals, iron, steel, and aluminum. Climatic conditions and poor soils severely limit agricultural output, and Libya imports about 75% of its food requirements. Higher oil prices in 1999 and 2000 led to an increase in export revenues, which improved macroeconomic balances and helped to stimulate the economy. Following the suspension of UN sanctions in 1999, Libya has been trying to increase its attractiveness to foreign investors, and several foreign companies have visited in search of contracts.
Electricity - consumption 5.081 billion kWh (2003) 17.577 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 400 million kWh (2003) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 500 million kWh (2003) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 5.356 billion kWh (2003) 18.9 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mount Afadjato 880 m
lowest point:
Sabkhat Ghuzayyil -47 m

highest point:
Bikku Bitti 2,267 m
Environment - current issues recurrent drought in north severely affects agricultural activities; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water desertification; very limited natural fresh water resources; the Great Manmade River Project, the largest water development scheme in the world, is being built to bring water from large aquifers under the Sahara to coastal cities
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
party to:
Climate Change, Desertification, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Biodiversity, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban
Ethnic groups African 98.5% (includes Akan 44%, Moshi-Dagomba 16%, Ewe 13%, Ga 8%, Gurma 3%, Yoruba 1%), European and other 1.5% (1998) Berber and Arab 97%, Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, Tunisians
Exchange rates cedis per US dollar - 9,072.5 (2005), 9,004.6 (2004), 8,677.4 (2003), 7,932.7 (2002), 7,170.8 (2001) Libyan dinars per US dollar - 0.5101 (January 2001), 0.5081 (2000), 0.4616 (1999), 0.3785 (1998), 0.3891 (1997), 0.3651 (1996)

note:
Libya currently has two rates for foreign trade; one for government operations and foreign companies and one for Libyan individuals (0.45 dinars per US dollar in December 1998)
Executive branch chief of state: President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Council of Ministers; president nominates members subject to approval by Parliament


elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms (eligible for a second term); election last held 7 December 2004 (next to be held December 2008)


election results: John Agyekum KUFUOR reelected president in election; percent of vote - John KUFUOR 53.4%, John Atta MILLS 43.7%
chief of state:
Revolutionary Leader Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI (since 1 September 1969); note - holds no official title, but is de facto chief of state

head of government:
Secretary of the General People's Committee (Premier) Mubarak al-SHAMEKH (since 2 March 2000)

cabinet:
General People's Committee established by the General People's Congress

elections:
national elections are indirect through a hierarchy of people's committees; head of government elected by the General People's Congress; election last held 2 March 2000 (next to be held NA)

election results:
Mubarak al-SHAMEKH elected premier; percent of General People's Congress vote - NA%
Exports NA bbl/day $13.9 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities gold, cocoa, timber, tuna, bauxite, aluminum, manganese ore, diamonds crude oil, refined petroleum products
Exports - partners Netherlands 12.6%, UK 8.3%, US 6.7%, Belgium 5.8%, France 5.7%, Germany 4.5% (2005) Italy 33%, Germany 24%, Spain 10%, France 5%, Turkey 4%, Tunisia 4% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Bolivia, which has a coat of arms centered in the yellow band plain green; green is the traditional color of Islam (the state religion)
GDP - purchasing power parity - $45.4 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 36.6%


industry: 24.6%


services: 38.7% (2005 est.)
agriculture:
7%

industry:
47%

services:
46% (1997 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $8,900 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 5.9% (2005 est.) 6.5% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 8 00 N, 2 00 W 25 00 N, 17 00 E
Geography - note Lake Volta is the world's largest artificial lake -
Highways - total:
24,484 km

paved:
6,800 km

unpaved:
17,684 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 2.2%


highest 10%: 30.1% (1999)
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; major transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and, to a lesser extent, South American cocaine destined for Europe and the US; widespread crime and money laundering problem, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center -
Imports NA bbl/day $7.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs machinery, transport equipment, food, manufactured goods
Imports - partners Nigeria 15.4%, China 12.7%, US 6.4%, UK 5.3%, Netherlands 4.1%, South Africa 4.1% (2005) Italy 24%, Germany 12%, Tunisia 9%, UK 7%, France 6%, South Korea 5% (1999)
Independence 6 March 1957 (from UK) 24 December 1951 (from Italy)
Industrial production growth rate 3.8% (2000 est.) NA%
Industries mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting, food processing, cement, small commercial ship building petroleum, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement
Infant mortality rate total: 55.02 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 59.56 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 50.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
28.99 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 15.1% (2005 est.) 18.5% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), OIF, ONUB, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, CAEU, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, MONUC, NAM, OAPEC, OAU, OIC, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 310 sq km (2003) 4,700 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court Supreme Court
Labor force 10.62 million (2005 est.) 1.5 million (2000 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture: 60%


industry: 15%


services: 25% (1999 est.)
services and government 54%, industry 29%, agriculture 17% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries total: 2,094 km


border countries: Burkina Faso 549 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo 877 km
total:
4,383 km

border countries:
Algeria 982 km, Chad 1,055 km, Egypt 1,150 km, Niger 354 km, Sudan 383 km, Tunisia 459 km
Land use arable land: 17.54%


permanent crops: 9.22%


other: 73.24% (2005)
arable land:
1%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
8%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
91% (1993 est.)
Languages English (official), African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga) Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood in the major cities
Legal system based on English common law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on Italian civil law system and Islamic law; separate religious courts; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral Parliament (230 seats; note - increased from 200 seats in last election; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 7 December 2004 (next to be held December 2008)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NPP 128, NDC 92, other 10
unicameral General People's Congress (NA seats; members elected indirectly through a hierarchy of people's committees)
Life expectancy at birth total population: 58.87 years


male: 58.07 years


female: 59.69 years (2006 est.)
total population:
75.65 years

male:
73.53 years

female:
77.88 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 74.8%


male: 82.7%


female: 67.1% (2003 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
76.2%

male:
87.9%

female:
63% (1995 est.)
Location Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Tunisia
Map references Africa Africa
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 nm
territorial sea:
12 NM

note:
Gulf of Sidra closing line - 32 degrees, 30 minutes north
Merchant marine total: 4 ships (1000 GRT or over) 6,308 GRT/9,418 DWT


by type: cargo 1, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 2


foreign-owned: 1 (Brazil 1) (2006)
total:
28 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 399,725 GRT/654,843 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 10, chemical tanker 1, liquefied gas 3, petroleum tanker 6, roll on/roll off 4, short-sea passenger 4 (2000 est.)
Military branches Ghanaian Army, Ghanaian Navy, Ghanaian Air Force (2006) Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Command
Military expenditures - dollar figure $83.65 million (2005 est.) $1.3 billion (FY99/00)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 0.8% (2005 est.) 3.9% (FY99/00)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
1,459,400 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
866,012 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 17 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
61,694 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 6 March (1957) Revolution Day, 1 September (1969)
Nationality noun: Ghanaian(s)


adjective: Ghanaian
noun:
Libyan(s)

adjective:
Libyan
Natural hazards dry, dusty, northeastern harmattan winds occur from January to March; droughts hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms
Natural resources gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber, hydropower, petroleum, silver, salt, limestone petroleum, natural gas, gypsum
Net migration rate -0.11 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines oil 13 km; refined products 316 km (2006) crude oil 4,383 km; petroleum products 443 km (includes liquefied petroleum gas or LPG 256 km); natural gas 1,947 km
Political parties and leaders Convention People's Party or CPP [Nii Noi DOWUONA, general secretary]; Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere or EGLE [Owuraku AMOFA, chairman]; Great Consolidated Popular Party or GCPP [Dan LARTY]; National Convention Party or NCP [Sarpong KUMA-KUMA]; National Democratic Congress or NDC [Dr. Huudu YAHAYA, general secretary]; New Patriotic Party or NPP [Samuel Arthur ODOI-SYKES]; People's Convention Party or PCP [P. K. DONKOH-AYIFI, acting chairman]; People's Heritage Party or PHP [Emmanuel Alexander ERSKINE]; People's National Convention or PNC [Edward MAHAMA]; Reform Party [Kyeretwie OPUKU, general secretary] none
Political pressure groups and leaders NA various Arab nationalist movements with almost negligible memberships may be functioning clandestinely, as well as some Islamic elements
Population 22,409,572


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
5,240,599

note:
includes 662,669 non-nationals, of which an estimated 500,000 or more are Africans living in Libya (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 31.4% (1992 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 2.07% (2006 est.) 2.42% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors - Al Khums, Banghazi, Darnah, Marsa al Burayqah, Misratah, Ra's Lanuf, Tobruk, Tripoli, Zuwarah
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 49, shortwave 3 (2001) AM 17, FM 4, shortwave 3 (1998)
Radios - 1.35 million (1997)
Railways total: 953 km


narrow gauge: 953 km 1.067-m gauge (2005)
note:
Libya has had no railroad in operation since 1965, all previous systems having been dismantled; current plans are to construct a 1.435-m standard gauge line from the Tunisian frontier to Tripoli and Misratah, then inland to Sabha, center of a mineral-rich area, but there has been little progress; other plans made jointly with Egypt would establish a rail line from As Sallum, Egypt, to Tobruk with completion originally set for mid-1994; Libya signed contracts with two private companies - Bahne of Egypt and Jez Sistemas Ferroviarios of Spain - in 1998 for the supply of crossings and pointwork (1001)
Religions Christian 63%, Muslim 16%, indigenous beliefs 21% Sunni Muslim 97%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female


total population: 1 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.07 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.97 male(s)/female

total population:
1.06 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Telephone system general assessment: poor to fair system; Internet accessible; many rural communities not yet connected; expansion of services is underway


domestic: primarily microwave radio relay; wireless local loop has been installed


international: country code - 233; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); microwave radio relay link to Panaftel system connects Ghana to its neighbors; fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
general assessment:
telecommunications system is being modernized; mobile cellular telephone system became operational in 1996

domestic:
microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, cellular, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations

international:
satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat, NA Arabsat, and NA Intersputnik; submarine cables to France and Italy; microwave radio relay to Tunisia and Egypt; tropospheric scatter to Greece; participant in Medarabtel (1999)
Telephones - main lines in use 321,500 (2005) 380,000 (1996)
Telephones - mobile cellular 2.842 million (2005) NA
Television broadcast stations 10 (2001) 12 (plus one low-power repeater) (1998)
Terrain mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions
Total fertility rate 3.99 children born/woman (2006 est.) 3.64 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 20% (1997 est.) 30% (2000 est.)
Waterways 1,293 km


note: 168 km for launches and lighters on Volta, Ankobra, and Tano rivers; 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways on Lake Volta (2005)
none
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