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Compare Ghana (2004) - Niger (2001)

Compare Ghana (2004) z Niger (2001)

 Ghana (2004)Niger (2001)
 GhanaNiger
Administrative divisions 10 regions; Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, Northern, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, Western 7 departments (departements, singular - departement), and 1 capital district* (capitale district); Agadez, Diffa, Dosso, Maradi, Niamey*, Tahoua, Tillaberi, Zinder
Age structure 0-14 years: 38% (male 3,988,800; female 3,904,989)


15-64 years: 58.3% (male 6,030,151; female 6,071,725)


65 years and over: 3.7% (male 359,042; female 402,325) (2004 est.)
0-14 years:
47.97% (male 2,528,484; female 2,439,051)

15-64 years:
49.75% (male 2,518,400; female 2,633,677)

65 years and over:
2.28% (male 123,589; female 111,955) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products cocoa, rice, coffee, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, corn, shea nuts, bananas; timber cowpeas, cotton, peanuts, millet, sorghum, cassava (tapioca), rice; cattle, sheep, goats, camels, donkeys, horses, poultry
Airports 12 (2003 est.) 27 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 7


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 4


914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)
total:
9

2,438 to 3,047 m:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
6

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 5


914 to 1,523 m: 3


under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
total:
18

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

914 to 1,523 m:
15

under 914 m:
2 (2000 est.)
Area total: 239,460 sq km


land: 230,940 sq km


water: 8,520 sq km
total:
1.267 million sq km

land:
1,266,700 sq km

water:
300 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Oregon slightly less than twice the size of Texas
Background Formed from the merger of the British colony of the Gold Coast and the Togoland trust territory, Ghana in 1957 became the first sub-Saharan country in colonial Africa to gain its independence. A long series of coups resulted in the suspension of the constitution in 1981 and the banning of political parties. A new constitution, restoring multiparty politics, was approved in 1992. Lt. Jerry RAWLINGS, head of state since 1981, won presidential elections in 1992 and 1996, but was constitutionally prevented from running for a third term in 2000. He was succeeded by John KUFUOR, who defeated former Vice President Atta MILLS in a free and fair election. Not until 1993, 33 years after independence from France, did Niger hold its first free and open elections. A 1995 peace accord ended a five-year Tuareg insurgency in the north. Coups in 1996 and 1999 were followed by the creation of a National Reconciliation Council that effected a transition to civilian rule in December 1999.
Birth rate 24.9 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) 50.68 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $1.943 billion


expenditures: $2.192 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.)
revenues:
$377 million, including $146 million from foreign sources

expenditures:
$377 million, including capital expenditures of $105 million (1999 est.)
Capital Accra Niamey
Climate tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south
Coastline 539 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution approved 28 April 1992 the constitution of January 1993 was revised by national referendum on 12 May 1996 and again by referendum on 18 July 1999
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Ghana


conventional short form: Ghana


former: Gold Coast
conventional long form:
Republic of Niger

conventional short form:
Niger

local long form:
Republique du Niger

local short form:
Niger
Currency cedi (GHC) Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Death rate 10.67 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) 22.71 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $7.398 billion (2003 est.) $1.3 billion (1999 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Mary Carlin YATES


embassy: 6th and 10th Lanes, 798/1 Osu, Accra


mailing address: P. O. Box 194, Accra


telephone: [233] (21) 775-347, 775-348


FAX: [233] (21) 701-813
chief of mission:
Ambassador Charles O. CECIL

embassy:
Rue Des Ambassades, Niamey

mailing address:
B. P. 11201, Niamey

telephone:
[227] 72 26 61 through 72 26 64

FAX:
[227] 73 31 67
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Alan J. KYEREMATEN


chancery: 3512 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 686-4520


FAX: [1] (202) 686-4527


consulate(s) general: New York
chief of mission:
Ambassador Joseph DIATTA

chancery:
2204 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 483-4224 through 4227
Disputes - international Ghana must still deal with refugees and returning nationals escaping rebel fighting in Cote d'Ivoire Libya claims about 19,400 sq km in northern Niger; delimitation of international boundaries in the vicinity of Lake Chad, the lack of which led to border incidents in the past, has been completed and awaits ratification by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria
Economic aid - recipient $6.9 billion (1999) $341 million (1997)

note:
the IMF approved a $73 million poverty reduction and growth facility for Niger in 2000 and announced $115 million in debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative
Economy - overview Well endowed with natural resources, Ghana has roughly twice the per capita output of the poorer countries in West Africa. Even so, Ghana remains heavily dependent on international financial and technical assistance. Gold, timber, and cocoa production are major sources of foreign exchange. The domestic economy continues to revolve around subsistence agriculture, which accounts for 35% of GDP and employs 60% of the work force, mainly small landholders. Ghana opted for debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) program in 2002. Policy priorities include tighter monetary and fiscal policies, accelerated privatization, and improvement of social services. Receipts from the gold sector should help sustain GDP growth in 2004. Inflation should ease, but remain a major internal problem. Niger is a poor, landlocked Sub-Saharan nation, whose economy centers on subsistence agriculture, animal husbandry, reexport trade, and increasingly less on uranium, because of declining world demand. The 50% devaluation of the West African franc in January 1994 boosted exports of livestock, cowpeas, onions, and the products of Niger's small cotton industry. The government relies on bilateral and multilateral aid - which was suspended following the April 1999 coup d'etat - for operating expenses and public investment. In 2000, the World Bank approved a structural adjustment loan of $35 million to help support fiscal reforms. However, reforms could prove difficult given the government's bleak financial situation.
Electricity - consumption 8.835 billion kWh (2001) 401 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 300 million kWh (2001) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 950 million kWh (2001) 215 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 8.801 billion kWh (2001) 200 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mount Afadjato 880 m
lowest point:
Niger River 200 m

highest point:
Mont Greboun 1,944 m
Environment - current issues recurrent drought in north severely affects agricultural activities; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water overgrazing; soil erosion; deforestation; desertification; wildlife populations (such as elephant, hippopotamus, giraffe, and lion) threatened because of poaching and habitat destruction
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups black African 98.5% (major tribes - Akan 44%, Moshi-Dagomba 16%, Ewe 13%, Ga 8%, Gurma 3%, Yoruba 1%), European and other 1.5% (1998) Hausa 56%, Djerma 22%, Fula 8.5%, Tuareg 8%, Beri Beri (Kanouri) 4.3%, Arab, Toubou, and Gourmantche 1.2%, about 1,200 French expatriates
Exchange rates cedis per US dollar - NA (2003), 7,932.7 (2002), 7,170.76 (2001), 5,455.06 (2000), 2,669.3 (1999) Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 699.21 (January 2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997), 511.55 (1996); note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro
Executive branch chief of state: President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Council of Ministers; president nominates members subject to approval by Parliament


elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 7 December 2004 (next to be held December 2008)


election results: John Agyekum KUFUOR reelected president in election; percent of vote - John KUFUOR 53.4%, John Atta MILLS 43.7%
chief of state:
President Mamadou TANDJA (since 22 December 1999); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Mamadou TANDJA (since 22 December 1999); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government; Prime Minister Hama AMADOU (since 31 December 1999) was appointed by the president and shares some executive responsibilities with the president

note:
President Ibrahim BARE was assassinated on 9 April 1999; subsequent elections were held under the nine-month provisional government of Major Daouda Mallam WANKE

cabinet:
23-member cabinet appointed by President TANDJA

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; last held 24 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
Mamadou TANDJA elected president; percent of vote - Mamadou TANDJA 59.9%, Mahamadou ISSOUFOU 40.1%
Exports NA (2001) $385 million (f.o.b., 1999)
Exports - commodities gold, cocoa, timber, tuna, bauxite, aluminum, manganese ore, diamonds uranium ore 65%, livestock products, cowpeas, onions (1998 est.)
Exports - partners Netherlands 11.2%, UK 10.7%, France 7.7%, Germany 6.2%, Japan 5.2%, Italy 4.6%, Turkey 4.4%, US 4.3% (2003) France 45%, Nigeria 27%, UK 11% (1999)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Bolivia, which has a coat of arms centered in the yellow band three equal horizontal bands of orange (top), white, and green with a small orange disk (representing the sun) centered in the white band; similar to the flag of India, which has a blue spoked wheel centered in the white band
GDP purchasing power parity - $44.44 billion (2003 est.) purchasing power parity - $10 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 35.4%


industry: 25.4%


services: 39.2% (2003 est.)
agriculture:
40%

industry:
18%

services:
42% (1998)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $2,200 (2003 est.) purchasing power parity - $1,000 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 4.7% (2003 est.) 3.5% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 8 00 N, 2 00 W 16 00 N, 8 00 E
Geography - note Lake Volta is the world's largest artificial lake landlocked
Highways total: 39,409 km


paved: 11,665 km


unpaved: 27,744 km (1999 est.)
total:
10,100 km

paved:
798 km

unpaved:
9,302 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 2.2%


highest 10%: 30.1% (1999)
lowest 10%:
0.8%

highest 10%:
35.4% (1995)
Illicit drugs illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; major transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and, to a lesser extent, South American cocaine destined for Europe and the US; widespread crime and corruption have made money laundering a problem, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center -
Imports NA (2001) $317 million (f.o.b., 1999)
Imports - commodities capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs consumer goods, primary materials, machinery, vehicles and parts, petroleum, cereals
Imports - partners Nigeria 13.2%, China 9.3%, UK 7.2%, US 6.1%, Germany 4.8%, France 4.5%, South Africa 4% (2003) France 22%, Cote d'Ivoire 15%, Nigeria 8%, US 3% (1999)
Independence 6 March 1957 (from UK) 3 August 1958 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate 3.8% (2000 est.) NA%
Industries mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting, food processing uranium mining, cement, brick, textiles, food processing, chemicals, slaughterhouses
Infant mortality rate total: 52.22 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 55.1 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 49.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
123.57 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 26.7% (2003 est.) 2.8% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), ONUB, OPCW, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIPONUH, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB, WAEMU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 110 sq km (1998 est.) 660 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court State Court or Cour d'Etat; Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel
Labor force 10 million (2003 est.) 70,000 receive regular wages or salaries
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 60%, industry 15%, services 25% (1999 est.) agriculture 90%, industry and commerce 6%, government 4%
Land boundaries total: 2,094 km


border countries: Burkina Faso 549 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo 877 km
total:
5,697 km

border countries:
Algeria 956 km, Benin 266 km, Burkina Faso 628 km, Chad 1,175 km, Libya 354 km, Mali 821 km, Nigeria 1,497 km
Land use arable land: 16.26%


permanent crops: 9.67%


other: 74.07% (2001)
arable land:
3%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
7%

forests and woodland:
2%

other:
88% (1993 est.)
Languages English (official), African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga) French (official), Hausa, Djerma
Legal system based on English common law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on French civil law system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral Parliament (230 seats; note - increased from 200 seats in last election; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 7 December 2004 (next to be held December 2008)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 128, NDC 92, other 10
unicameral National Assembly (83 seats, members elected by popular vote for five-year terms)

elections:
last held 24 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MNSD-Nassara 38, CDS-Rahama 17, PNDS-Tarayya 16, RDP-Jama'a 8, ANDPS-Zaman Lahiya 4
Life expectancy at birth total population: 56.27 years


male: 55.36 years


female: 57.22 years (2004 est.)
total population:
41.59 years

male:
41.74 years

female:
41.44 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 74.8%


male: 82.7%


female: 67.1% (2003 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
13.6%

male:
20.9%

female:
6.6% (1995 est.)
Location Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo Western Africa, southeast of Algeria
Map references Africa Africa
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 nm
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 19,086 GRT/26,185 DWT


by type: petroleum tanker 3, refrigerated cargo 5


foreign-owned: Brazil 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Spain 1 (2004 est.)
-
Military branches Army, Navy, Air Force Army, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, Republican Guard, National Police
Military expenditures - dollar figure $44 million (2003) $20 million (FY96)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 0.6% (2003) 1.1% (FY96)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 5,391,378 (2004 est.) males age 15-49:
2,202,608 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 2,994,600 (2004 est.) males age 15-49:
1,190,787 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 244,809 (2004 est.) males:
108,993 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 6 March (1957) Republic Day, 18 December (1958)
Nationality noun: Ghanaian(s)


adjective: Ghanaian
noun:
Nigerien(s)

adjective:
Nigerien
Natural hazards dry, dusty, northeastern harmattan winds occur from January to March; droughts recurring droughts
Natural resources gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber, hydropower uranium, coal, iron ore, tin, phosphates, gold, petroleum
Net migration rate -0.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) -0.73 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
People - note there are 9,500 Liberians, 2,000 Sierra Leoneans, and 1,000 Togolese refugees residing in Ghana (2002) -
Pipelines refined products 74 km (2004) -
Political parties and leaders Convention People's Party or CPP [Nii Noi DOWUONA, general secretary]; Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere or EGLE [Owuraku AMOFA, chairman]; Great Consolidated Popular Party or GCPP [Dan LARTY]; National Convention Party or NCP [Sarpong KUMA-KUMA]; National Democratic Congress or NDC [Dr. Huudu YAHAYA, general secretary]; New Patriotic Party or NPP [Samuel Arthur ODOI-SYKES]; People's Convention Party or PCP [P. K. DONKOH-AYIFI, acting chairman]; People's Heritage Party or PHP [Emmanuel Alexander ERSKINE]; People's National Convention or PNC [Edward MAHAMA]; Reform Party [Kyeretwie OPUKU, general secretary] Democratic Rally of the People-Jama'a or RDP-Jama'a [Hamid ALGABID]; Democratic and Social Convention-Rahama or CDS-Rahama [Mahamane OUSMANE]; National Movement for a Developing Society-Nassara or MNSD-Nassara [Mamadou TANDJA, chairman]; Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Social Progress-Zaman Lahiya or ANDPS-Zaman Lahiya [Moumouni Adamou DJERMAKOYE]; Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism-Tarayya or PNDS-Tarayya [Mahamadou ISSOUFOU]; Union of Democratic Patriots and Progressives-Chamoua or UPDP-Chamoua [Professor Andre' SALIFOU, chairman]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 20,757,032


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.)
10,355,156 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 31.4% (1992 est.) 63% (1993 est.)
Population growth rate 1.36% (2004 est.) 2.72% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Takoradi, Tema none
Radio broadcast stations AM 0, FM 49, shortwave 3 (2001) AM 5, FM 5, shortwave 4 (1998)
Radios - 680,000 (1997)
Railways total: 953 km


narrow gauge: 953 km 1.067-m gauge (2003)
0 km
Religions Christian 63%, Muslim 16%, indigenous beliefs 21% Muslim 80%, remainder indigenous beliefs and Christians
Sex ratio at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female


total population: 1 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.96 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
1.1 male(s)/female

total population:
1 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: poor to fair system; Internet accessible; many rural communities not yet connected; expansion of services is underway


domestic: primarily microwave radio relay; wireless local loop has been installed


international: country code - 233; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); microwave radio relay link to Panaftel system connects Ghana to its neighbors; fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
general assessment:
small system of wire, radio telephone communications, and microwave radio relay links concentrated in the southwestern area of Niger

domestic:
wire, radiotelephone communications, and microwave radio relay; domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations and 1 planned

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 302,300 (2003) 16,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 799,900 (2003) 13,000 (1995)
Television broadcast stations 10 (2001) 10 (plus seven low-power repeaters) (1997)
Terrain mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area predominately desert plains and sand dunes; flat to rolling plains in south; hills in north
Total fertility rate 3.17 children born/woman (2004 est.) 7.08 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 20% (1997 est.) NA%
Waterways 1,293 km


note: 168 km for launches and lighters on Volta, Ankobra, and Tano rivers; 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways on Lake Volta (2003)
300 km

note:
the Niger River is navigable from Niamey to Gaya on the Benin frontier from mid-December through March
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