Compare Ghana (2004) - Malawi (2002)

Compare Ghana (2004) z Malawi (2002)

	Ghana (2004)	Malawi (2002)

Administrative divisions	10 regions; Ashanti, Brong-Ahafo, Central, Eastern, Greater Accra, Northern, Upper East, Upper West, Volta, Western	27 districts; Balaka, Blantyre, Chikwawa, Chiradzulu, Chitipa, Dedza, Dowa, Karonga, Kasungu, Likoma, Lilongwe, Machinga (Kasupe), Mangochi, Mchinji, Mulanje, Mwanza, Mzimba, Ntcheu, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Nsanje, Ntchisi, Phalombe, Rumphi, Salima, Thyolo, Zomba
Age structure	0-14 years: 38% (male 3,988,800; female 3,904,989) 15-64 years: 58.3% (male 6,030,151; female 6,071,725) 65 years and over: 3.7% (male 359,042; female 402,325) (2004 est.)	0-14 years: 44% (male 2,358,730; female 2,347,017) 15-64 years: 53.2% (male 2,810,478; female 2,884,601) 65 years and over: 2.8% (male 120,761; female 180,237) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	cocoa, rice, coffee, cassava (tapioca), peanuts, corn, shea nuts, bananas; timber	tobacco, sugarcane, cotton, tea, corn, potatoes, cassava (tapioca), sorghum, pulses; cattle, goats, groundnuts, Macadamia nuts
Airports	12 (2003 est.)	44 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 7 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)	total: 6 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)	total: 37 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 14 under 914 m: 22 (2002)
Area	total: 239,460 sq km land: 230,940 sq km water: 8,520 sq km	total: 118,480 sq km land: 94,080 sq km water: 24,400 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Oregon	slightly smaller than Pennsylvania
Background	Formed from the merger of the British colony of the Gold Coast and the Togoland trust territory, Ghana in 1957 became the first sub-Saharan country in colonial Africa to gain its independence. A long series of coups resulted in the suspension of the constitution in 1981 and the banning of political parties. A new constitution, restoring multiparty politics, was approved in 1992. Lt. Jerry RAWLINGS, head of state since 1981, won presidential elections in 1992 and 1996, but was constitutionally prevented from running for a third term in 2000. He was succeeded by John KUFUOR, who defeated former Vice President Atta MILLS in a free and fair election.	Established in 1891, the British protectorate of Nyasaland became the independent nation of Malawi in 1964. After three decades of one-party rule, the country held multiparty elections in 1994 under a provisional constitution, which took full effect the following year. National multiparty elections were held again in 1999.
Birth rate	24.9 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)	37.13 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $1.943 billion expenditures: $2.192 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.)	revenues: $490 million expenditures: $523 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY99/00 est.)
Capital	Accra	Lilongwe
Climate	tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north	sub-tropical; rainy season (November to May); dry season (May to November)
Coastline	539 km	0 km (landlocked)
Constitution	approved 28 April 1992	18 May 1994
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Ghana conventional short form: Ghana former: Gold Coast	conventional long form: Republic of Malawi conventional short form: Malawi former: British Central African Protectorate, Nyasaland Protectorate, Nyasaland
Currency	cedi (GHC)	Malawian kwacha (MWK)
Death rate	10.67 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)	23.2 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	$7.398 billion (2003 est.)	$2.8 billion (2001 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Mary Carlin YATES embassy: 6th and 10th Lanes, 798/1 Osu, Accra mailing address: P. O. Box 194, Accra telephone: [233] (21) 775-347, 775-348 FAX: [233] (21) 701-813	chief of mission: Ambassador Roger A. MEECE embassy: Area 40, Plot 24, Kenyatta Road mailing address: P. O. Box 30016, Lilongwe 3, Malawi telephone: [265] (1) 773 166 FAX: [265] (1) 770 471
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Alan J. KYEREMATEN chancery: 3512 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 686-4520 FAX: [1] (202) 686-4527 consulate(s) general: New York	chief of mission: Ambassador Paul Tony Steven KANDIERO chancery: 2408 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 797-1007 FAX: [1] (202) 265-0976
Disputes - international	Ghana must still deal with refugees and returning nationals escaping rebel fighting in Cote d'Ivoire	Malawi and Tanzania maintain a largely dormant dispute over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and current location of historical boundary in meandering Songwe River
Economic aid - recipient	$6.9 billion (1999)	$427 million (1999) (1999)
Economy - overview	Well endowed with natural resources, Ghana has roughly twice the per capita output of the poorer countries in West Africa. Even so, Ghana remains heavily dependent on international financial and technical assistance. Gold, timber, and cocoa production are major sources of foreign exchange. The domestic economy continues to revolve around subsistence agriculture, which accounts for 35% of GDP and employs 60% of the work force, mainly small landholders. Ghana opted for debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) program in 2002. Policy priorities include tighter monetary and fiscal policies, accelerated privatization, and improvement of social services. Receipts from the gold sector should help sustain GDP growth in 2004. Inflation should ease, but remain a major internal problem.	Landlocked Malawi ranks among the world's least developed countries. The economy is predominately agricultural, with about 90% of the population living in rural areas. Agriculture accounts for 40% of GDP and 88% of export revenues. The economy depends on substantial inflows of economic assistance from the IMF, the World Bank, and individual donor nations. In late 2000, Malawi was approved for relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program. The government faces strong challenges, e.g., to fully develop a market economy, to improve educational facilities, to face up to environmental problems, and to deal with the rapidly growing problem of HIV/AIDS. The performance of the tobacco sector is key to short-term growth.
Electricity - consumption	8.835 billion kWh (2001)	767.25 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	300 million kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	950 million kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	8.801 billion kWh (2001)	825 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 3% hydro: 97% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Afadjato 880 m	lowest point: junction of the Shire River and international boundary with Mozambique 37 m highest point: Sapitwa (Mount Mlanje) 3,002 m
Environment - current issues	recurrent drought in north severely affects agricultural activities; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; poaching and habitat destruction threatens wildlife populations; water pollution; inadequate supplies of potable water	deforestation; land degradation; water pollution from agricultural runoff, sewage, industrial wastes; siltation of spawning grounds endangers fish populations
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups	black African 98.5% (major tribes - Akan 44%, Moshi-Dagomba 16%, Ewe 13%, Ga 8%, Gurma 3%, Yoruba 1%), European and other 1.5% (1998)	Chewa, Nyanja, Tumbuka, Yao, Lomwe, Sena, Tonga, Ngoni, Ngonde, Asian, European
Exchange rates	cedis per US dollar - NA (2003), 7,932.7 (2002), 7,170.76 (2001), 5,455.06 (2000), 2,669.3 (1999)	Malawian kwachas per US dollar - 67.3111 (December 2001), 72.1973 (2001), 59.5438 (2000), 44.0881 (1999), 31.0727 (1998), 16.4442 (1997)
Executive branch	chief of state: President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President John Agyekum KUFUOR (since 7 January 2001); Vice President Alhaji Aliu MAHAMA (since 7 January 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers; president nominates members subject to approval by Parliament elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for four-year terms; election last held 7 December 2004 (next to be held December 2008) election results: John Agyekum KUFUOR reelected president in election; percent of vote - John KUFUOR 53.4%, John Atta MILLS 43.7%	chief of state: President Bakili MULUZI (since 21 May 1994); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Bakili MULUZI (since 21 May 1994); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: 38-member Cabinet named by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 15 June 1999 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: Bakili MULUZI reelected president; percent of vote - Bakili MULUZI (UDF) 51.4%, Gwandaguluwe CHAKUAMBA (MCP-AFORD) 44.3%
Exports	NA (2001)	$415.5 million f.o.b. (2001)
Exports - commodities	gold, cocoa, timber, tuna, bauxite, aluminum, manganese ore, diamonds	tobacco, tea, sugar, cotton, coffee, peanuts, wood products, apparel
Exports - partners	Netherlands 11.2%, UK 10.7%, France 7.7%, Germany 6.2%, Japan 5.2%, Italy 4.6%, Turkey 4.4%, US 4.3% (2003)	South Africa 18%, Germany 13%, US 13%, UK 10%, Japan 7%, Netherlands 3% (2000)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Bolivia, which has a coat of arms centered in the yellow band	three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green with a radiant, rising, red sun centered in the black band
GDP	purchasing power parity - $44.44 billion (2003 est.)	purchasing power parity - $7 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 35.4% industry: 25.4% services: 39.2% (2003 est.)	agriculture: 40% industry: 19% services: 41% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $2,200 (2003 est.)	purchasing power parity - $660 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	4.7% (2003 est.)	1.7% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates	8 00 N, 2 00 W	13 30 S, 34 00 E
Geography - note	Lake Volta is the world's largest artificial lake	landlocked; Lake Nyasa, some 580 km long, is the country's most prominent physical feature
Government - note	-	the executive exerts considerable influence over the legislature
Highways	total: 39,409 km paved: 11,665 km unpaved: 27,744 km (1999 est.)	total: 14,594 km paved: 2,773 km unpaved: 11,821 km (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 2.2% highest 10%: 30.1% (1999)	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; major transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and, to a lesser extent, South American cocaine destined for Europe and the US; widespread crime and corruption have made money laundering a problem, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center	-
Imports	NA (2001)	$463.6 million f.o.b. (2001)
Imports - commodities	capital equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs	food, petroleum products, semimanufactures, consumer goods, transportation equipment
Imports - partners	Nigeria 13.2%, China 9.3%, UK 7.2%, US 6.1%, Germany 4.8%, France 4.5%, South Africa 4% (2003)	South Africa 40%, UK 11%, Zimbabwe 7%, Japan 5%, Germany 2%, US 1.8%, Zambia (2000)
Independence	6 March 1957 (from UK)	6 July 1964 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate	3.8% (2000 est.)	2.5% (2001 est.)
Industries	mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting, food processing	tobacco, tea, sugar, sawmill products, cement, consumer goods
Infant mortality rate	total: 52.22 deaths/1,000 live births male: 55.1 deaths/1,000 live births female: 49.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)	119.96 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	26.7% (2003 est.)	28.6% (2001 est.)
International organization participation	ACP, AfDB, AU, C, ECOWAS, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), ONUB, OPCW, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO	ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	7 (2001)
Irrigated land	110 sq km (1998 est.)	280 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court	Supreme Court of Appeal; High Court (chief justice appointed by the president, puisne judges appointed on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission); magistrate's courts
Labor force	10 million (2003 est.)	4.5 million (2001 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 60%, industry 15%, services 25% (1999 est.)	agriculture 86% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries	total: 2,094 km border countries: Burkina Faso 549 km, Cote d'Ivoire 668 km, Togo 877 km	total: 2,881 km border countries: Mozambique 1,569 km, Tanzania 475 km, Zambia 837 km
Land use	arable land: 16.26% permanent crops: 9.67% other: 74.07% (2001)	arable land: 19.93% permanent crops: 1.33% other: 78.74% (1998 est.)
Languages	English (official), African languages (including Akan, Moshi-Dagomba, Ewe, and Ga)	English (official), Chichewa (official), other languages important regionally
Legal system	based on English common law and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Appeal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	unicameral Parliament (230 seats; note - increased from 200 seats in last election; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 7 December 2004 (next to be held December 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPP 128, NDC 92, other 10	unicameral National Assembly (193 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 15 June 1999 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - UDF 48%, MCP 34%, AFORD 15%, others 3%; seats by party - UDF 96, MCP 61, AFORD 30, others 6
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 56.27 years male: 55.36 years female: 57.22 years (2004 est.)	total population: 36.59 years male: 36.05 years female: 37.15 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 74.8% male: 82.7% female: 67.1% (2003 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 58% male: 72.8% female: 43.4% (1999 est.)
Location	Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo	Southern Africa, east of Zambia
Map references	Africa	Africa
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm	none (landlocked)
Merchant marine	total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 19,086 GRT/26,185 DWT by type: petroleum tanker 3, refrigerated cargo 5 foreign-owned: Brazil 1, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1, Spain 1 (2004 est.)	-
Military branches	Army, Navy, Air Force	Army (including Air Wing and Naval Detachment), Police (including paramilitary Mobile Force Unit)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$44 million (2003)	$9.5 million (FY00/01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	0.6% (2003)	0.76% (FY00/01)
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 5,391,378 (2004 est.)	males age 15-49: 2,535,207 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 2,994,600 (2004 est.)	males age 15-49: 1,301,625 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 244,809 (2004 est.)	-
National holiday	Independence Day, 6 March (1957)	Independence Day (Republic Day), 6 July (1964)
Nationality	noun: Ghanaian(s) adjective: Ghanaian	noun: Malawian(s) adjective: Malawian
Natural hazards	dry, dusty, northeastern harmattan winds occur from January to March; droughts	NA
Natural resources	gold, timber, industrial diamonds, bauxite, manganese, fish, rubber, hydropower	limestone, arable land, hydropower, unexploited deposits of uranium, coal, and bauxite
Net migration rate	-0.64 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
People - note	there are 9,500 Liberians, 2,000 Sierra Leoneans, and 1,000 Togolese refugees residing in Ghana (2002)	-
Pipelines	refined products 74 km (2004)	-
Political parties and leaders	Convention People's Party or CPP [Nii Noi DOWUONA, general secretary]; Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere or EGLE [Owuraku AMOFA, chairman]; Great Consolidated Popular Party or GCPP [Dan LARTY]; National Convention Party or NCP [Sarpong KUMA-KUMA]; National Democratic Congress or NDC [Dr. Huudu YAHAYA, general secretary]; New Patriotic Party or NPP [Samuel Arthur ODOI-SYKES]; People's Convention Party or PCP [P. K. DONKOH-AYIFI, acting chairman]; People's Heritage Party or PHP [Emmanuel Alexander ERSKINE]; People's National Convention or PNC [Edward MAHAMA]; Reform Party [Kyeretwie OPUKU, general secretary]	Alliance for Democracy or AFORD [Chakufwa CHIHANA, president]; Malawi Congress Party or MCP [Gwanda CHAKUAMBA, president, John TEMBO, vice president]; Malawi Democratic Party or MDP [Kampelo KALUA, president]; United Democratic Front or UDF [Bakili MULUZI] - governing party
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	National Democratic Alliance [Brown MPINGANJIRA]
Population	20,757,032 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2004 est.)	10,701,824 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	31.4% (1992 est.)	54% (FY90/91 est. )
Population growth rate	1.36% (2004 est.)	1.39% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	Takoradi, Tema	Chipoka, Monkey Bay, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Chilumba
Radio broadcast stations	AM 0, FM 49, shortwave 3 (2001)	AM 9, FM 5 (plus 15 repeater stations), shortwave 2 (plus a third station held in standby status) (2001)
Radios	-	2.6 million (1997)
Railways	total: 953 km narrow gauge: 953 km 1.067-m gauge (2003)	total: 797 km narrow gauge: 797 km 1.067-m gauge (2001)
Religions	Christian 63%, Muslim 16%, indigenous beliefs 21%	Protestant 55%, Roman Catholic 20%, Muslim 20%, indigenous beliefs 3%, other 2%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2004 est.)	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.67 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: poor to fair system; Internet accessible; many rural communities not yet connected; expansion of services is underway domestic: primarily microwave radio relay; wireless local loop has been installed international: country code - 233; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); microwave radio relay link to Panaftel system connects Ghana to its neighbors; fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia	general assessment: NA domestic: system employs open-wire lines, microwave radio relay links, and radiotelephone communications stations international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	302,300 (2003)	38,000 (1999)
Telephones - mobile cellular	799,900 (2003)	49,000 (2000)
Television broadcast stations	10 (2001)	1 (2001)
Terrain	mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area	narrow elongated plateau with rolling plains, rounded hills, some mountains
Total fertility rate	3.17 children born/woman (2004 est.)	5.04 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	20% (1997 est.)	NA%
Waterways	1,293 km note: 168 km for launches and lighters on Volta, Ankobra, and Tano rivers; 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways on Lake Volta (2003)	144 km note: on Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and Shire Riverall

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