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Compare Denmark (2003) - Macau (2004)

Compare Denmark (2003) z Macau (2004)

 Denmark (2003)Macau (2004)
 DenmarkMacau
Administrative divisions metropolitan Denmark - 14 counties (amter, singular - amt) and 2 boroughs* (amtskommuner, singular - amtskomunes); Arhus, Bornholm, Fredericksberg*, Frederiksborg, Fyn, Kobenhavn, Kobenhavns*, Nordjylland, Ribe, Ringkobing, Roskilde, Sonderjylland, Storstrom, Vejle, Vestsjalland, Viborg


note: see separate entries for the Faroe Islands and Greenland, which are part of the Kingdom of Denmark and are self-governing overseas administrative divisions
none (special administrative region of China)
Age structure 0-14 years: 18.7% (male 516,872; female 490,543)


15-64 years: 66.3% (male 1,809,138; female 1,762,577)


65 years and over: 15% (male 338,141; female 467,113) (2003 est.)
0-14 years: 18% (male 41,460; female 38,595)


15-64 years: 74.2% (male 157,629; female 172,810)


65 years and over: 7.8% (male 14,380; female 20,412) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products barley, wheat, potatoes, sugar beets; pork, dairy products; fish vegetables, livestock
Airports 104 (2002) 1 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 28


over 3,047 m: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 7


1,524 to 2,437 m: 4


914 to 1,523 m: 12


under 914 m: 3 (2002)
total: 1


over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 76


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 4


under 914 m: 71 (2002)
-
Area total: 43,094 sq km


land: 42,394 sq km


water: 700 sq km


note: includes the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea and the rest of metropolitan Denmark (the Jutland Peninsula, and the major islands of Sjaelland and Fyn), but excludes the Faroe Islands and Greenland
total: 25.4 sq km


land: 25.4 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly less than twice the size of Massachusetts about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Background Once the seat of Viking raiders and later a major north European power, Denmark has evolved into a modern, prosperous nation that is participating in the general political and economic integration of Europe. It joined NATO in 1949 and the EEC (now the EU) in 1973. However, the country has opted out of certain elements of the European Union's Maastricht Treaty, including the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and issues concerning certain justice and home affairs. Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau, and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs for the next 50 years.
Birth rate 11.52 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) 8.04 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget revenues: $52.9 billion


expenditures: $51.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $500 million (2001 est.)
revenues: $1.9 billion


expenditures: $1.68 billion, including capital expenditures of $194 million (2002)
Capital Copenhagen -
Climate temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers
Coastline 7,314 km 41 km
Constitution 1849 was the original constitution; there was a major overhaul 5 June 1953, allowing for a unicameral legislature and a female chief of state Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"
Country name conventional long form: Kingdom of Denmark


conventional short form: Denmark


local long form: Kongeriget Danmark


local short form: Danmark
conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region


conventional short form: Macau


local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese)


local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese)
Currency Danish krone (DKK) pataca (MOP)
Death rate 10.72 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) 4.23 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external $21.7 billion (2000) $121 million (2001 est.)
Dependency status - special administrative region of China
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Stuart A. BERNSTEIN


embassy: Dag Hammarskjolds Alle 24, 2100 Copenhagen


mailing address: PSC 73, APO AE 09716


telephone: [45] 35 55 31 44


FAX: [45] 35 43 02 23
the US has no offices in Macau; US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Ulrik Andreas FEDERSPIEL


chancery: 3200 Whitehaven Street NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 234-4300


FAX: [1] (202) 328-1470


consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, and New York
none (special administrative region of China)
Disputes - international Rockall continental shelf dispute involving Denmark, Iceland, and the UK (Ireland and the UK have signed a boundary agreement in the Rockall area); dispute with Iceland over the Faroe Islands' fisheries median line boundary within 200 NM; disputes with Iceland, the UK, and Ireland over the Faroe Islands continental shelf boundary outside 200 NM; Faroese are considering proposals for full independence; uncontested dispute with Canada over Hans Island sovereignty in the Kennedy Channel between Ellesmere Island and Greenland none
Economic aid - donor ODA, $1.63 billion (1999) -
Economic aid - recipient - NA (1997)
Economy - overview This thoroughly modern market economy features high-tech agriculture, up-to-date small-scale and corporate industry, extensive government welfare measures, comfortable living standards, a stable currency, and high dependence on foreign trade. Denmark is a net exporter of food and energy and enjoys a comfortable balance of payments surplus. Government objectives include streamlining the bureaucracy and further privatization of state assets. The government has been successful in meeting, and even exceeding, the economic convergence criteria for participating in the third phase (a common European currency) of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU), but Denmark has decided not to join the 12 other EU members in the euro; even so, the Danish Krone remains pegged to the euro. Given the sluggish state of the European economy, growth in 2003 was a mere 1.1%. Macau's well-to-do economy has remained one of the most open in the world since its reversion to China in 1999. The territory's net exports of goods and services account for roughly 41% of GDP with tourism and apparel exports as the mainstays. Although the territory was hit hard by the 1998 Asian financial crisis and the global downturn in 2001, its economy grew 9.5% in 2002. A rapid rise in the number of mainland visitors because of China's easing of restrictions on travel drove the recovery. The budget also returned to surplus in 2002 because of the surge in visitors from China and a hike in taxes on gambling profits, which generated about 70% of government revenue. The liberalization of Macao's gambling monopoly contributes to GDP growth, as the three companies awarded gambling licenses have pledged to invest $2.2 billion in the territory. Much of Macau's textile industry may move to the mainland as the Multi-Fiber Agreement is phased out. The territory may have to rely more on gambling and trade-related services to generate growth. The government estimated GDP growth at 4% in 2003 with the drop in large measure due to concerns over the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), but private sector analysts think the figure may have been higher because of the continuing boom in tourism.
Electricity - consumption 32.41 billion kWh (2001) 1.688 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports 8.775 billion kWh (2001) 1 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 8.199 billion kWh (2001) 193 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - production 35.47 billion kWh (2001) 1.611 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 82.7%


hydro: 0.1%


nuclear: 0%


other: 17.3% (2001)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point: Lammefjord -7 m


highest point: Yding Skovhoej 173 m
lowest point: South China Sea 0 m


highest point: Coloane Alto 172.4 m
Environment - current issues air pollution, principally from vehicle and power plant emissions; nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the North Sea; drinking and surface water becoming polluted from animal wastes and pesticides NA
Environment - international agreements party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea
-
Ethnic groups Scandinavian, Inuit, Faroese, German, Turkish, Iranian, Somali Chinese 95%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry), Portuguese, other
Exchange rates Danish kroner per US dollar - 7.89 (2002), 8.32 (2001), 8.08 (2000), 6.98 (1999), 6.7 (1998) patacas per US dollar - 8.0212 (2003), 8.0334 (2002), 8.0335 (2001), 8.0259 (2000), 7.9919 (1999)
Executive branch chief of state: Queen MARGRETHE II (since 14 January 1972); Heir Apparent Crown Prince FREDERIK, elder son of the monarch (born 26 May 1968)


head of government: Prime Minister Anders Fogh RASMUSSEN (since 27 November 2001)


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister and approved by Parliament


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch
chief of state: President of China HU Jintao (since 15 March 2003)


head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999)


cabinet: Executive Council consists of all one government secretary, four legislators, four businessmen, and one pro-Beijing unionist


elections: chief executive chosen by a 300-member selection committee for up to two five-year terms


election results: Edmund HO Hau-wah reelected on 29 August 2004; received 296 votes in Election Committee out of 300 possible; 3 members submitted blank ballots; 1 member was absent
Exports 332,100 bbl/day (2001) NA (2001)
Exports - commodities machinery and instruments, meat and meat products, dairy products, fish, chemicals, furniture, ships, windmills clothing, textiles, footwear, cement, machines, and parts
Exports - partners Germany 17.1%, Sweden 11.6%, UK 7.8%, US 6.8%, France 5.8%, Norway 5.7%, Japan 4.4% (2002) US 49.4%, China 14.1%, Germany 8.1%, Hong Kong 6.7%, UK 4.5% (2003)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description red with a white cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side, and that design element of the Dannebrog (Danish flag) was subsequently adopted by the other Nordic countries of Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller
GDP purchasing power parity - $155.3 billion (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $9.1 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 3%


industry: 26%


services: 71% (2002 est.)
agriculture: 1%


industry: 12%


services: 87% (2002 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $28,900 (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $19,400 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 1.6% (2002 est.) 4% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates 56 00 N, 10 00 E 22 10 N, 113 33 E
Geography - note controls Danish Straits (Skagerrak and Kattegat) linking Baltic and North Seas; about one-quarter of the population lives in greater Copenhagen essentially urban; one causeway and two bridges connect the two islands of Coloane and Taipa to the peninsula on mainland
Highways total: 71,591 km


paved: 71,591 km (including 880 km of expressways)


unpaved: 0 km (2000)
total: 271 km


paved: 271 km


unpaved: 0 km (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 2%


highest 10%: 24% (2000 est.)
lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
Imports 195,000 bbl/day (2001) NA (2001)
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment, raw materials and semimanufactures for industry, chemicals, grain and foodstuffs, consumer goods clothing, textiles, yarn, foodstuffs, fuel, automobiles, capital goods
Imports - partners Germany 22.9%, Sweden 10.7%, UK 8.7%, Netherlands 7.8%, France 6%, Norway 4.9%, Italy 4.4% (2002) China 43%, Hong Kong 12.7%, Japan 8.7%, Taiwan 5.6% (2003)
Independence first organized as a unified state in 10th century; in 1849 became a constitutional monarchy none (special administrative region of China)
Industrial production growth rate 1.4% (2002 est.) NA
Industries food processing, machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemical products, electronics, construction, furniture and other wood products, shipbuilding, windmills tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys
Infant mortality rate total: 4.9 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 5.16 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 4.62 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
total: 4.39 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 4.59 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 4.19 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.3% (2002 est.) -2.6% (2003 est.)
International organization participation AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 9, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MONUC, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMISET, UNMOGIP, UNMOP, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WEU (observer), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO, ZC IMF, IMO (associate), Interpol (sub-bureau), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), UPU, WCO, WMO, WToO (associate), WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 13 (2000) -
Irrigated land 4,760 sq km (1998 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch for life) The Court of Final Appeal in the Macau Special Administrative Region
Labor force 2.856 million (2000 est.) 214,000 (2002)
Labor force - by occupation services 79%, industry 17%, agriculture 4% (2002 est.) manufacturing 20%, construction 7%, transport and communications 6%, wholesale and retail trade 15%, restaurants and hotels 12%, gambling 7%, public sector 8%, other services and agriculture 25% (2002 est.)
Land boundaries total: 68 km


border countries: Germany 68 km
total: 0.34 km


regional border: China 0.34 km
Land use arable land: 55.74%


permanent crops: 0.19%


other: 44.07% (1998 est.)
arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100%


note: "green areas" represent 22.4% (2001)
Languages Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect), German (small minority)


note: English is the predominant second language
Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese)
Legal system civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations based on Portuguese civil law system
Legislative branch unicameral Parliament or Folketing (179 seats, including 2 from Greenland and 2 from the Faroe Islands; members are elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 20 November 2001 (next to be held by November 2005)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Liberal Party 56, Social Democrats 52, Danish People's Party 22, Conservative Party 16, Socialist People's Party 12, Social Liberal Party 9, Christian People's Party 4, Unity List 4; note - does not include the 2 seats from Greenland and the 2 seats from the Faroe Islands
unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (27 seats; 10 elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and sevem appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms); number of legislators will increase to 29 from September 2005


elections: last held 23 September 2001 (next to be September 2005)


election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats by political bloc - Entertainment Industry 3, pro-democracy 2, pro-Beijing Labor Union 2, pro-Beijing Neighborhood Association 2, pro-business 1
Life expectancy at birth total population: 77.1 years


male: 74.48 years


female: 79.87 years (2003 est.)
total population: 82.03 years


male: 79.2 years


female: 84.99 years (2004 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 100%


male: NA%


female: NA%
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 94.5%


male: 97.2%


female: 92% (2003 est.)
Location Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, on a peninsula north of Germany (Jutland); also includes two major islands (Sjaelland and Fyn) Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China
Map references Europe Southeast Asia
Maritime claims continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
not specified
Merchant marine total: 282 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 6,714,557 GRT/8,715,716 DWT


ships by type: bulk 5, cargo 85, chemical tanker 29, container 77, liquefied gas 19, livestock carrier 5, petroleum tanker 28, railcar carrier 1, refrigerated cargo 12, roll on/roll off 11, short-sea passenger 6, specialized tanker 4


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Germany 1, Greenland 1, Indonesia 1, Netherlands 1, Norway 9, United Kingdom 1 (2002 est.)
none
Military branches Royal Danish Army, Royal Danish Navy, Royal Danish Air Force, Home Guard responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999; there are local police forces
Military expenditures - dollar figure $2.47 billion (FY99/00) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.4% (FY99/00) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 1,282,315 (2003 est.) males age 15-49: 125,060 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 1,094,611 (2003 est.) males age 15-49: 68,913 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age (2003 est.) -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 28,198 (2003 est.) -
National holiday none designated; Constitution Day, 5 June is generally viewed as the National Day National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day
Nationality noun: Dane(s)


adjective: Danish
noun: Chinese


adjective: Chinese
Natural hazards flooding is a threat in some areas of the country (e.g., parts of Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of Lolland) that are protected from the sea by a system of dikes typhoons
Natural resources petroleum, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone, stone, gravel and sand NEGL
Net migration rate 2.04 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) 4.86 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Pipelines condensate 12 km; gas 3,892 km; oil 455 km; oil/gas/water 2 km; unknown (oil/water) 64 km (2003) -
Political parties and leaders Center Democratic Party [Mimi JAKOBSEN]; Christian People's Party [Marianne KARLSMOSE]; Conservative Party (sometimes known as Conservative People's Party) [Bendt BENDTSEN]; Danish People's Party [Pia KJAERSGAARD]; Liberal Party [Anders Fogh RASMUSSEN]; Social Democratic Party [Mogens LYKKETOFT]; Social Liberal Party (sometimes called the Radical Left) [Marianne JELVED, leader; Johannes LEBECH, chairman]; Socialist People's Party [Holger K. NIELSEN]; Red-Green Unity List (bloc includes Left Socialist Party, Communist Party of Denmark, Socialist Workers' Party) [collective leadership] Some civic associations operate as de facto political parties: Electoral Union; Pro-Macao and Flower of Friendship and Development of Macao; Associacao para a Defesa dos Interesses de Macao; Centro Democratico de Macao; Grupo Independente de Macao; Macau Economic Promotion Association; Progress Promotion Union; Development Union
Political pressure groups and leaders NA Catholic Church [LAI Hung-sing, bishop]; Macau Society of Tourism and Entertainment or STDM [Stanley HO, managing director]; Union for Democracy Development [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong, leader]
Population 5,384,384 (July 2003 est.) 445,286 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA
Population growth rate 0.28% (2003 est.) 0.87% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors Abenra, Alborg, Arhus, Copenhagen, Esbjerg, Fredericia, Frederikshavn, Hirtshals, Kolding, Odense, Roenne (Bornholm), Vejle Macau
Radio broadcast stations AM 2, FM 355, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Railways total: 3,164 km


standard gauge: 2,324 km 1.435-m gauge (595 km electrified)


note:: total includes 840 km of suburban track (2002)
-
Religions Evangelical Lutheran 95%, other Protestant and Roman Catholic 3%, Muslim 2% Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female


total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female


total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies
Telephone system general assessment: excellent telephone and telegraph services


domestic: buried and submarine cables and microwave radio relay form trunk network, 4 cellular mobile communications systems


international: 18 submarine fiber-optic cables linking Denmark with Norway, Sweden, Russia, Poland, Germany, Netherlands, UK, Faroe Islands, Iceland, and Canada; satellite earth stations - 6 Intelsat, 10 Eutelsat, 1 Orion, 1 Inmarsat (Blaavand-Atlantic-East); note - the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) share the Danish earth station and the Eik, Norway, station for worldwide Inmarsat access (1997)
general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services


domestic: NA


international: country code - 853; HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 4.785 million (1997) 174,600 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular 1,444,016 (1997) 364,000 (2003)
Television broadcast stations 26 (plus 51 repeaters) (1998) 1 (2003)
Terrain low and flat to gently rolling plains generally flat
Total fertility rate 1.73 children born/woman (2003 est.) 0.93 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate 5.1% (2002) 6.3% (2003)
Waterways 417 km -
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