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Compare Comoros (2001) - Mayotte (2004)
Compare Comoros (2001) z Mayotte (2004)
| Comoros (2001) | Mayotte (2004) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 3 islands; Grande Comore (Njazidja), Anjouan (Nzwani), and Moheli (Mwali); note - there are also four municipalities named Domoni, Fomboni, Moroni, and Moutsamoudou | none (territorial collectivity of France) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
42.81% (male 127,955; female 127,267) 15-64 years: 54.26% (male 159,560; female 163,949) 65 years and over: 2.93% (male 8,326; female 9,145) (2001 est.) |
0-14 years: 46.4% (male 43,301; female 42,934)
15-64 years: 51.9% (male 52,534; female 44,100) 65 years and over: 1.7% (male 1,579; female 1,578) (2004 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | vanilla, cloves, perfume essences, copra, coconuts, bananas, cassava (tapioca) | vanilla, ylang-ylang (perfume essence), coffee, copra |
| Airports | 4 (2000 est.) | 1 (2003 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
4 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 3 (2000 est.) |
total: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2004 est.) |
| Area | total:
2,170 sq km land: 2,170 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 374 sq km
land: 374 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly more than 12 times the size of Washington, DC | slightly more than twice the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | Unstable Comoros has endured 19 coups or attempted coups since gaining independence from France in 1975. In 1997, the islands of Anjouan and Moheli declared their independence from Comoros. In 1999, military chief Col. AZALI seized power. He has pledged to resolve the secessionist crisis through the 2000 Fomboni Accord, a confederal arrangement that the Organization of African Unity has yet to recognize. | Mayotte was ceded to France along with the other islands of the Comoros group in 1843. It was the only island in the archipelago that voted in 1974 to retain its link with France and forego independence. |
| Birth rate | 39.52 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 42.19 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Budget | revenues:
$48 million expenditures: $53 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997) |
revenues: NA
expenditures: $73 million, including capital expenditures of NA (1991 est.) |
| Capital | Moroni | Mamoutzou |
| Climate | tropical marine; rainy season (November to May) | tropical; marine; hot, humid, rainy season during northeastern monsoon (November to May); dry season is cooler (May to November) |
| Coastline | 340 km | 185.2 km |
| Constitution | 20 October 1996 | 28 September 1958 (French Constitution) |
| Country name | conventional long form:
Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros conventional short form: Comoros local long form: Republique Federale Islamique des Comores local short form: Comores |
conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Mayotte
conventional short form: Mayotte |
| Currency | Comoran franc (KMF) | euro (EUR) |
| Death rate | 9.35 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 8.11 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Debt - external | $197 million (1997 est.) | NA |
| Dependency status | - | territorial collectivity of France |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | the US does not have an embassy in Comoros; the ambassador to Mauritius is accredited to Comoros | none (territorial collectivity of France) |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission:
Deputy Permanent Representative Mahmoud Mohamed ABOUD (acting) chancery: (temporary) care of the Permanent Mission of the Federal and Islamic Republic of the Comoros to the United Nations, 420 East 50th Street, New York, NY 10022 telephone: [1] (212) 972-8010 FAX: [1] (212) 983-4712 |
none (territorial collectivity of France) |
| Disputes - international | claims French-administered Mayotte; the island of Anjouan (Nzwani) has moved to secede from Comoros | claimed by Comoros |
| Economic aid - recipient | $28.1 million (1997) | $107.7 million; note - extensive French financial assistance (1995) |
| Economy - overview | One of the world's poorest countries, Comoros is made up of three islands that have inadequate transportation links, a young and rapidly increasing population, and few natural resources. The low educational level of the labor force contributes to a subsistence level of economic activity, high unemployment, and a heavy dependence on foreign grants and technical assistance. Agriculture, including fishing, hunting, and forestry, is the leading sector of the economy. It contributes 40% to GDP, employs 80% of the labor force, and provides most of the exports. The country is not self-sufficient in food production; rice, the main staple, accounts for the bulk of imports. The government is struggling to upgrade education and technical training, to privatize commercial and industrial enterprises, to improve health services, to diversify exports, to promote tourism, and to reduce the high population growth rate. Continued foreign support is essential if the goal of 4% annual GDP growth is to be met. Remittances from 150,000 Comorans abroad help supplement GDP. | Economic activity is based primarily on the agricultural sector, including fishing and livestock raising. Mayotte is not self-sufficient and must import a large portion of its food requirements, mainly from France. The economy and future development of the island are heavily dependent on French financial assistance, an important supplement to GDP. Mayotte's remote location is an obstacle to the development of tourism. |
| Electricity - consumption | 15.8 million kWh (1999) | NA kWh |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (1999) | - |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (1999) | - |
| Electricity - production | 17 million kWh (1999) | NA kWh |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel:
88.24% hydro: 11.76% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
- |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Le Kartala 2,360 m |
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: Benara 660 m |
| Environment - current issues | soil degradation and erosion results from crop cultivation on slopes without proper terracing; deforestation | NA |
| Environment - international agreements | party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
- |
| Ethnic groups | Antalote, Cafre, Makoa, Oimatsaha, Sakalava | NA |
| Exchange rates | Comoran francs per US dollar - 524.41 (January 2001), 533.98 (2000), 461.77 (1999), 442.46 (1998), 437.75 (1997), 383.66 (1996)
note: prior to January 1999, the official rate was pegged to the French franc at 75 Comoran francs per French franc; since 1 January 1999, the Comoran franc is pegged to the euro at a rate of 491.9677 Comoran francs per euro |
euros per US dollar - 0.8860 (2003), 1.0626 (2002), 1.1175 (2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999) |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
President AZALI Assoumani (since 6 May 1999); note - the interim government of President Tajiddine Ben Said MASSOUNDE, which had assumed power on 6 November 1998 upon the death of President Mohamed TAKI Abdulkarim, was overthrown in a bloodless coup on 30 April 1999 head of government: Prime Minister Hamada MADI (since late November 2000) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 6 and 16 March 1996 (next to be held NA); prime minister appointed by the president note: President AZALI claimed a one-year term at the time of the coup; but elections, promised for spring 2000, were not held election results: results of the last presidential election before the coup were: Mohamed TAKI Abdulkarim elected president; percent of vote - 64.3% |
chief of state: President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by Prefect Jean-Paul KIHL (since 17 January 2005)
head of government: President of the General Council Younoussa BAMANA (since NA 1977) cabinet: NA elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; prefect appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of the Interior; president of the General Council elected by the members of the General Council for a six-year term |
| Exports | $7.9 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.) | $3.44 million f.o.b. (1997) |
| Exports - commodities | vanilla, ylang-ylang, cloves, perfume oil, copra | ylang-ylang (perfume essence), vanilla, copra, coconuts, coffee, cinnamon |
| Exports - partners | France 50%, Germany 25% (1998) | France 80%, Comoros 15%, Reunion (2000) |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | calendar year |
| Flag description | green with a white crescent in the center of the field, its points facing downward; there are four white five-pointed stars placed in a line between the points of the crescent; the crescent, stars, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam; the four stars represent the four main islands of the archipelago - Mwali, Njazidja, Nzwani, and Mayotte (a territorial collectivity of France, but claimed by Comoros); the design, the most recent of several, is described in the constitution approved by referendum on 7 June 1992 | the flag of France is used |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $419 million (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - $466.8 million (2003 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
40% industry: 4% services: 56% (2000 est.) |
agriculture: NA
industry: NA services: NA (2001 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $720 (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - $2,600 (1998 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 0.5% (2000 est.) | NA |
| Geographic coordinates | 12 10 S, 44 15 E | 12 50 S, 45 10 E |
| Geography - note | important location at northern end of Mozambique Channel | part of Comoro Archipelago; 18 islands |
| Highways | total:
880 km paved: 673 km unpaved: 207 km (1996) |
total: 93 km
paved: 72 km unpaved: 21 km |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA |
| Imports | $55.1 million (f.o.b., 1999 est.) | $141.3 million f.o.b. (1997) |
| Imports - commodities | rice and other foodstuffs, consumer goods; petroleum products, cement, transport equipment | food, machinery and equipment, transportation equipment, metals, chemicals |
| Imports - partners | France 38%, Pakistan 13%, South Africa 8%, Kenya 8% (1998) | France 66%, Africa 14%, Southeast Asia 11% (2000 est.) |
| Independence | 6 July 1975 (from France) | none (territorial collectivity of France) |
| Industrial production growth rate | -2% (1999 est.) | NA |
| Industries | tourism, perfume distillation, textiles, furniture, jewelry, construction materials, soft drinks | newly created lobster and shrimp industry, construction |
| Infant mortality rate | 84.07 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) | total: 64.19 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 70.42 deaths/1,000 live births female: 57.78 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 3.5% (1999) | NA |
| International organization participation | ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, CCC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (associate), ILO, IMF, InOC, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO (subscriber), ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTrO (applicant) | UPU |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 1 (2000) | - |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court or Cour Supremes (two members appointed by the president, two members elected by the Federal Assembly, one elected by the Council of each island, and others are former presidents of the republic) | Supreme Court or Tribunal Superieur d'Appel |
| Labor force | 144,500 (1996 est.) | 48,800 (2000) |
| Labor force - by occupation | agriculture 80% | - |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
| Land use | arable land:
35% permanent crops: 10% permanent pastures: 7% forests and woodland: 18% other: 30% (1993 est.) |
arable land: NA
permanent crops: NA other: NA (2001) |
| Languages | Arabic (official), French (official), Comoran (a blend of Swahili and Arabic) | Mahorian (a Swahili dialect), French (official language) spoken by 35% of the population |
| Legal system | French and Muslim law in a new consolidated code | French law |
| Legislative branch | bicameral legislature consists of the Senate (15 seats: five from each island); members selected by regional councils for six-year terms) and a Federal Assembly or Assemblee Federale (43 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms); note - the Federal Assembly was dissolved following the coup of 30 April 1999
elections: Federal Assembly - last held 1 and 8 December 1996 (next to be held NA) election results: Federal Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RND 39, FNJ 3, independent 1 note: the constitution stipulates that only parties that win six seats in the Federal Assembly (two from each island) are permitted to be in opposition, but if no party accomplishes that, the second most successful party will be in opposition; in the elections of December 1996 the FNJ appeared to qualify as opposition |
unicameral General Council or Conseil General (19 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms)
elections: last held 7 October 2000 (next to be held NA 2003) election results: percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA note: Mayotte elects one member of the French Senate; elections last held 24 September 2001 (next to be held NA September 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - NA; Mayotte also elects one member to the French National Assembly; elections last held 16 June 2002 (next to be held as a special election on NA June 2005); results - percent of vote by party - UMP-RPR 55.08%, UDF 44.92%; seats by party - UMP-RPR 1 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
60.41 years male: 58.2 years female: 62.68 years (2001 est.) |
total population: 60.99 years
male: 58.85 years female: 63.2 years (2004 est.) |
| Literacy | definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 57.3% male: 64.2% female: 50.4% (1995 est.) |
definition: NA
total population: NA male: NA female: NA |
| Location | Southern Africa, group of islands in the Mozambique Channel, about two-thirds of the way between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique | Southern Africa, island in the Mozambique Channel, about one-half of the way from northern Madagascar to northern Mozambique |
| Map references | Africa | Africa |
| Maritime claims | exclusive economic zone:
200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm |
| Merchant marine | total:
2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 19,122 GRT/29,817 DWT ships by type: cargo 2 (2000 est.) |
none |
| Military - note | - | defense is the responsibility of France; small contingent of French forces stationed on the island |
| Military branches | Comoran Security Force | - |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $NA | - |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | NA% | - |
| Military manpower - availability | males age 15-49:
141,120 (2001 est.) |
- |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | males age 15-49:
83,920 (2001 est.) |
- |
| National holiday | Independence Day, 6 July (1975) | Bastille Day, 14 July (1789) |
| Nationality | noun:
Comoran(s) adjective: Comoran |
noun: Mahorais (singular and plural)
adjective: Mahoran |
| Natural hazards | cyclones possible during rainy season (December to April); Le Kartala on Grand Comore is an active volcano | cyclones during rainy season |
| Natural resources | NEGL | NEGL |
| Net migration rate | NEGL migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 6.78 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | Front National pour la Justice or FNJ (Islamic party in opposition) [Ahmed Abdallah MOHAMED, Ahmed ABOUBACAR, Soidiki M'BAPANOZA]; Rassemblement National pour le Development or RND (party of the government) [Ali Bazi SELIM] | Democratic Front or FD [Youssouf MOUSSA]; Mahoran Popular Movement or MPM [Ahmed MADI]; Federation of Mahorans or RPR [Mansour KAMARDINE]; Movement for Department Status Mayotte or MDM [Mouhoutar SALIM]; Socialist Party or PS (local branch of French Parti Socialiste) [Ibrahim ABUBACAR]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Henri JEAN-BAPTISTE] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | NA | NA |
| Population | 596,202 (July 2001 est.) | 186,026 (July 2004 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA |
| Population growth rate | 3.02% (2001 est.) | 4.09% (2004 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Fomboni, Moroni, Moutsamoudou | Dzaoudzi |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1 (1998) | AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (2001) |
| Radios | 90,000 (1997) | - |
| Railways | 0 km | - |
| Religions | Sunni Muslim 98%, Roman Catholic 2% | Muslim 97%, Christian (mostly Roman Catholic) |
| Sex ratio | at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.19 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1 male(s)/female total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2004 est.) |
| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
sparse system of microwave radio relay and HF radiotelephone communication stations domestic: HF radiotelephone communications and microwave radio relay international: HF radiotelephone communications to Madagascar and Reunion |
general assessment: small system administered by French Department of Posts and Telecommunications
domestic: NA international: country code - 269; microwave radio relay and HF radiotelephone communications to Comoros (2001) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 6,000 (1997) | 10,000 (2001) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | NA | 21,700 (2002) |
| Television broadcast stations | 0 (1998) | 3 (2001) |
| Terrain | volcanic islands, interiors vary from steep mountains to low hills | generally undulating, with deep ravines and ancient volcanic peaks |
| Total fertility rate | 5.32 children born/woman (2001 est.) | 5.98 children born/woman (2004 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 20% (1996 est.) | 38% (1999) |
| Waterways | none | - |
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