Compare Burundi (2005) - Qatar (2003)

Compare Burundi (2005) z Qatar (2003)

	Burundi (2005)	Qatar (2003)

Administrative divisions	16 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Mwaro, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi	10 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ad Dawhah, Al Ghuwayriyah, Al Jumayliyah, Al Khawr, Al Wakrah, Ar Rayyan, Jarayan al Batinah, Madinat ash Shamal, Umm Sa'id, Umm Salal
Age structure	0-14 years: 46% (male 1,479,941/female 1,450,808) 15-64 years: 51.3% (male 1,617,864/female 1,653,331) 65 years and over: 2.6% (male 66,199/female 102,466) (2005 est.)	0-14 years: 24.7% (male 102,938; female 98,934) 15-64 years: 72.4% (male 415,302; female 176,183) 65 years and over: 2.9% (male 17,199; female 6,496) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products	coffee, cotton, tea, corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, manioc (tapioca); beef, milk, hides	fruits, vegetables; poultry, dairy products, beef; fish
Airports	8 (2004 est.)	4 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)	total: 2 over 3,047 m: 2 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)	total: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Area	total: 27,830 sq km land: 25,650 sq km water: 2,180 sq km	total: 11,437 sq km land: 11,437 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Maryland	slightly smaller than Connecticut
Background	Burundi's first democratically elected president was assassinated in October 1993 after only one hundred days in office. Since then, some 200,000 Burundians have perished in widespread, often intense ethnic violence between Hutu and Tutsi factions. Hundreds of thousands have been internally displaced or have become refugees in neighboring countries. Burundi troops, seeking to secure their borders, briefly intervened in the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1998. A new transitional government, inaugurated on 1 November 2001, signed a power-sharing agreement with the largest rebel faction in December 2003 and set in place a provisional constitution in October 2004. Implementation of the agreement has been problematic, however, as one remaining rebel group refuses to sign on and elections have been repeatedly delayed, clouding prospects for a sustainable peace.	Ruled by the Al Thani family since the mid-1800s, Qatar transformed itself from a poor British protectorate noted mainly for pearling into an independent state with significant oil and natural gas revenues. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Qatari economy was crippled by a continuous siphoning off of petroleum revenues by the amir, who had ruled the country since 1972. He was overthrown by his son, the current Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, in a bloodless coup in 1995. In 2001, Qatar resolved its longstanding border disputes with both Bahrain and Saudi Arabia. Oil and natural gas revenues enable Qatar to have a per capita income not far below the leading industrial countries of Western Europe.
Birth rate	39.66 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)	15.68 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget	revenues: $152.5 million expenditures: $187.7 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)	revenues: $5 billion expenditures: $5.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $2.2 billion (FY 02/03 est.)
Capital	Bujumbura	Doha
Climate	equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; wet seasons from February to May and September to November, and dry seasons from June to August and December to January	arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers
Coastline	0 km (landlocked)	563 km
Constitution	13 March 1992; provided for establishment of a plural political system; supplanted on 20 October 2004 by a provisional constitution approved by the parliament which extended the transition; a 28 February 2005 popular referendum ratified the new constitution which set ethnic quotas for government positions, and tentatively scheduled general elections for April 2005	provisional constitution enacted 19 April 1972; in July 1999 Amir HAMAD issued a decree forming a committee to draft a permanent constitution; in the 29 April 2003 referendum, 96.6% of Qatari voters approved the new constitution
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Burundi conventional short form: Burundi local long form: Republika y'u Burundi local short form: Burundi former: Urundi	conventional long form: State of Qatar conventional short form: Qatar local long form: Dawlat Qatar local short form: Qatar note: closest approximation of the native pronunciation falls between cutter and gutter, but not like guitar
Currency	-	Qatari rial (QAR)
Death rate	17.43 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)	4.43 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external	$1.133 billion (2002)	$15.4 billion (2002 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador James Howard YELLIN embassy: Avenue des Etats-Unis, Bujumbura mailing address: B. P. 1720, Bujumbura telephone: [257] 223454 FAX: [257] 222926	chief of mission: Ambassador Maureen E. QUINN embassy: Al-Luqtas District, 22 February Road, Doha mailing address: P. O. Box 2399, Doha telephone: [974] 488 4101 FAX: [974] 488 4298
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Antoine NTAMOBWA chancery: Suite 212, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007 telephone: [1] (202) 342-2574 FAX: [1] (202) 342-2578	chief of mission: Ambassador Badr Umar al-DAFA chancery: 4200 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016 telephone: [1] (202) 274-1600 FAX: [1] (202) 237-0061 consulate(s) general: Houston
Disputes - international	Tutsi, Hutu, other conflicting ethnic groups, associated political rebels, armed gangs, and various government forces continue fighting in the Great Lakes region, transcending the boundaries of Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, and Uganda in an effort to gain control over populated and natural resource areas; government heads pledge to end conflict, but localized violence continues despite the presence of about 6,000 peacekeepers from the UN Operation in Burundi (ONUB) since 2004; although some 150,000 Burundian refugees have been repatriated, as of February 2005, Burundian refugees still reside in camps in western Tanzania as well as the Democratic Republic of the Congo	none
Economic aid - recipient	$92.7 million (2000)	$NA
Economy - overview	Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. The economy is predominantly agricultural with roughly 90% of the population dependent on subsistence agriculture. Economic growth depends on coffee and tea exports, which account for 90% of foreign exchange earnings. The ability to pay for imports, therefore, rests primarily on weather conditions and international coffee and tea prices. The Tutsi minority, 14% of the population, dominates the government and the coffee trade at the expense of the Hutu majority, 85% of the population. Since October 1993 an ethnic-based war has resulted in more than 200,000 deaths, forced 450,000 refugees into Tanzania, and displaced 140,000 others internally. Doubts about the prospects for sustainable peace continue to impede development. Only one in two children go to school, and approximately one in ten adults has HIV/AIDS. Food, medicine, and electricity remain in short supply.	Oil and gas account for more than 55% of GDP, roughly 85% of export earnings, and 70% of government revenues. Oil and gas have given Qatar a per capita GDP comparable to that of the leading West European industrial countries. Proved oil reserves of 14.5 billion barrels should ensure continued output at current levels for 23 years. Production and export of natural gas are becoming increasingly important to the economy. Qatar's proved reserves of natural gas exceed 17.9 trillion cubic meters, more than 5% of the world total and third largest in the world. Long-term goals feature the development of offshore natural gas reserves. Since 2000, Qatar has consistently posted trade surpluses largely because of high oil prices and increased natural gas exports, and Qatar's economy is expected to receive an added boost as it begins to increase liquid natural gas exports.
Electricity - consumption	137.8 million kWh (2002)	8.616 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2002)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	15 million kWh; note - supplied by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2002)	0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	132 million kWh (2002)	9.264 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Lake Tanganyika 772 m highest point: Heha 2,670 m	lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m highest point: Qurayn Abu al Bawl 103 m
Environment - current issues	soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands; deforestation (little forested land remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel); habitat loss threatens wildlife populations	limited natural fresh water resources are increasing dependence on large-scale desalination facilities
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups	Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%, Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000	Arab 40%, Pakistani 18%, Indian 18%, Iranian 10%, other 14%
Exchange rates	Burundi francs per US dollar - 1,100.91 (2004), 1,082.62 (2003), 930.75 (2002), 830.35 (2001), 720.67 (2000)	Qatari rials per US dollar - 3.64 (2002), 3.64 (2001), 3.64 (2000), 3.64 (1999), 3.64 (1998)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Domitien NDAYIZEYE (since 30 April 2003); note - NDAYIZEYE, a Hutu, was sworn in as president for the second half of the three-year transitional government inaugurated on 1 November 2001; Vice President Frederic NGENZEBUHORO (since 11 November 2004) head of government: President Domitien NDAYIZEYE (since 30 April 2003); note - NDAYIZEYE, a Hutu, was sworn in as president for the second half of the three-year transitional government inaugurated on 1 November 2001; Vice President Frederic NGENZEBUHORO (since 11 November 2004) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by president elections: NA; current president assumed power on 30 April 2003 as part of the transitional government established by the 2000 Arusha Accord; note - next presidential election is scheduled for 22 April 2005	chief of state: Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani (since 27 June 1995 when, as crown prince, he ousted his father, Amir KHALIFA bin Hamad Al Thani, in a bloodless coup); Crown Prince JASIM bin Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, third son of the monarch (selected crown prince by the monarch 22 October 1996); note - Amir HAMAD also holds the positions of minister of defense and commander-in-chief of the armed forces head of government: Prime Minister ABDALLAH bin Khalifa Al Thani, brother of the monarch (since 30 October 1996); Deputy Prime Minister MUHAMMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, brother of the monarch (since 20 January 1998) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary note: in April 2003, Qatar held nationwide elections for a 29-member Central Municipal Council (CMC), which has consultative powers aimed at improving the provision of municipal services; the first election for the CMC was held in March 1999
Exports	NA	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	coffee, tea, sugar, cotton, hides	petroleum products, fertilizers, steel
Exports - partners	Germany 19.6%, Belgium 8.2%, Pakistan 6.7%, US 5.6%, Rwanda 5.6%, Thailand 5.4% (2004)	Japan 40.1%, South Korea 16.6%, Singapore 8.2%, US 4.1% (2002)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and outer side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below)	maroon with a broad white serrated band (nine white points) on the hoist side
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $15.91 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 48.1% industry: 19% services: 32.9% (2004 est.)	agriculture: 0.4% industry: 67.6% services: 32% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $600 (2004 est.)	purchasing power parity - $20,100 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	3% (2004 est.)	4.6% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates	3 30 S, 30 00 E	25 30 N, 51 15 E
Geography - note	landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed; the Kagera, which drains into Lake Victoria, is the most remote headstream of the White Nile	strategic location in central Persian Gulf near major petroleum deposits
Heliports	-	1 (2002)
Highways	total: 14,480 km paved: 1,028 km unpaved: 13,452 km (1999 est.)	total: 1,230 km paved: 1,107 km unpaved: 123 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 1.8% highest 10%: 32.9% (1998)	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	NA	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	capital goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs	machinery and transport equipment, food, chemicals
Imports - partners	Kenya 13.7%, Tanzania 11.2%, US 8.9%, Belgium 8.5%, France 8.4%, Italy 6%, Uganda 5.6%, Japan 4.6%, Germany 4.5% (2004)	France 17.8%, Japan 10.1%, US 8.5%, UK 8.3%, Germany 8%, Italy 6.7%, UAE 5.1%, Saudi Arabia 4.1%, South Korea 4% (2002)
Independence	1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)	3 September 1971 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate	18% (2001)	NA%
Industries	light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing	crude oil production and refining, fertilizers, petrochemicals, steel reinforcing bars, cement
Infant mortality rate	total: 69.29 deaths/1,000 live births male: 75.87 deaths/1,000 live births female: 62.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)	total: 20.03 deaths/1,000 live births male: 23.59 deaths/1,000 live births female: 16.28 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	8.5% (2004 est.)	1.9% (2002)
International organization participation	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, CEPGL, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (subscriber), ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO	ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDB, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OIC, OPCW, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	1 (2000)
Irrigated land	740 sq km (1998 est.)	130 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Constitutional Court; Courts of Appeal (there are three in separate locations); Tribunals of First Instance (17 at the province level and 123 small local tribunals)	Court of Appeal
Labor force	2.99 million (2002)	280,122 (1997 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 93.6%, industry 2.3%, services 4.1% (2002 est.)	-
Land boundaries	total: 974 km border countries: Democratic Republic of the Congo 233 km, Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km	total: 60 km border countries: Saudi Arabia 60 km
Land use	arable land: 35.05% permanent crops: 14.02% other: 50.93% (2001)	arable land: 1.27% permanent crops: 0.27% other: 98.46% (1998 est.)
Languages	Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area)	Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language
Legal system	based on German and Belgian civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	discretionary system of law controlled by the amir, although civil codes are being implemented; Islamic law dominates family and personal matters
Legislative branch	bicameral, consists of a National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (expanded from 121 to approximately 140 seats under the transitional government inaugurated 1 November 2001; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and a Senate (54 seats; term length is undefined, the current senators will likely serve out the three-year transition period) elections: last held 29 June 1993 (next was scheduled to be held in 1998, but was suspended by presidential decree in 1996; elections are currently planned to be held by April 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - FRODEBU 71.04%, UPRONA 21.4%, other 7.56%; seats by party - FRODEBU 65, UPRONA 16, civilians 27, other parties 13	unicameral Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura (35 seats; members appointed) note: no legislative elections have been held since 1970 when there were partial elections to the body; Council members have had their terms extended every four years since; the new constitution provides for a 45-member Consultative Council, or Majlis al-Shura; the public would elect two-thirds of the Majlis al-Shura; the amir would appoint the remaining members
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 50.29 years male: 49.61 years female: 50.99 years (2005 est.)	total population: 73.14 years male: 70.65 years female: 75.76 years (2003 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 51.6% male: 58.5% female: 45.2% (2003 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 82.5% male: 81.4% female: 85% (2003 est.)
Location	Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo	Middle East, peninsula bordering the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia
Map references	Africa	Middle East
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)	contiguous zone: 24 NM exclusive economic zone: as determined by bilateral agreements or the median line territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	-	total: 23 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 638,815 GRT/995,096 DWT ships by type: cargo 6, chemical tanker 2, combination ore/oil 2, container 7, petroleum tanker 5, roll on/roll off 1 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Kuwait 1, UAE 3 (2002 est.)
Military branches	National Defense Force (Forces de Defense Nationales, FDN): Army (includes Naval Detachment and Air Wing), National Gendarmerie (2005)	Army, Navy, Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$38.7 million (2004)	$723 million (FY00)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	6% (2004)	10% (FY00)
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 320,835 note: includes non-nationals (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 168,416 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - military age	-	18 years of age (2003 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	-	males: 7,192 (2003 est.)
National holiday	Independence Day, 1 July (1962)	Independence Day, 3 September (1971)
Nationality	noun: Burundian(s) adjective: Burundian	noun: Qatari(s) adjective: Qatari
Natural hazards	flooding, landslides, drought	haze, dust storms, sandstorms common
Natural resources	nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum, vanadium, arable land, hydropower, niobium, tantalum, gold, tin, tungsten, kaolin, limestone	petroleum, natural gas, fish
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)	17.48 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Pipelines	-	condensate 90 km; condensate/gas 209 km; gas 902 km; liquid petroleum gas 87 km; oil 722 km; oil/gas/water 41 km (2003)
Political parties and leaders	the three national, mainstream, governing parties are: Unity for National Progress or UPRONA [Jean-Baptiste MANWANGARI, secretary general]; Burundi Democratic Front or FRODEBU [Jean MINANI, president]; National Council for the Defense of Democracy, Front for the Defense of Democracy of CNDD-FDD [Pierre NKURUNZIZA, president] note: a multiparty system was introduced after 1998, included are: National Resistance Movement for the Rehabilitation of the Citizen or MRC-Rurenzangemero [Epitace BANYAGANAKANDI]; Party for National Redress or PARENA [Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA]	none
Political pressure groups and leaders	loosely organized Hutu and Tutsi militias, often affiliated with Hutu and Tutsi extremist parties or subordinate to government security forces	none
Population	6,370,609 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)	817,052 (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line	68% (2002 est.)	NA%
Population growth rate	2.22% (2005 est.)	2.87% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors	Bujumbura	Doha, Halul Island, Umm Sa'id (Musay'id)
Radio broadcast stations	AM 0, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2001)	AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 1 (1998)
Railways	-	0 km
Religions	Christian 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%), indigenous beliefs 23%, Muslim 10%	Muslim 95%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.65 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 2.36 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 2.65 male(s)/female total population: 1.9 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage	NA years of age; universal adult	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: primitive system domestic: sparse system of open-wire, radiotelephone communications, and low-capacity microwave radio relay international: country code - 257; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)	general assessment: modern system centered in Doha domestic: NA international: tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and UAE; submarine cable to Bahrain and UAE; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat
Telephones - main lines in use	23,900 (2003)	142,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular	64,000 (2003)	43,476 (1997)
Television broadcast stations	1 (2001)	1 (plus three repeaters) (2001)
Terrain	hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains	mostly flat and barren desert covered with loose sand and gravel
Total fertility rate	5.81 children born/woman (2005 est.)	3.02 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate	NA	2.7% (2001)
Waterways	mainly on Lake Tanganyika (2004)	none

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