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Compare Burundi (2001) - Zambia (2005)

Compare Burundi (2001) z Zambia (2005)

 Burundi (2001)Zambia (2005)
 BurundiZambia
Administrative divisions 16 provinces; Bubanza, Bujumbura, Bururi, Cankuzo, Cibitoke, Gitega, Karuzi, Kayanza, Kirundo, Makamba, Muramvya, Muyinga, Mwaro, Ngozi, Rutana, Ruyigi 9 provinces; Central, Copperbelt, Eastern, Luapula, Lusaka, Northern, North-Western, Southern, Western
Age structure 0-14 years:
46.82% (male 1,472,618; female 1,441,548)

15-64 years:
50.37% (male 1,541,131; female 1,593,743)

65 years and over:
2.81% (male 71,984; female 102,873) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 46.5% (male 2,626,911/female 2,609,857)


15-64 years: 51.1% (male 2,848,402/female 2,904,376)


65 years and over: 2.4% (male 118,043/female 154,206) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products coffee, cotton, tea, corn, sorghum, sweet potatoes, bananas, manioc (tapioca); beef, milk, hides corn, sorghum, rice, peanuts, sunflower seed, vegetables, flowers, tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca); cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, milk, eggs, hides; coffee
Airports 4 (2000 est.) 109 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
1

over 3,047 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total: 10


over 3,047 m: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 3


1,524 to 2,437 m: 4


914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
3

914 to 1,523 m:
3 (2000 est.)
total: 99


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 4


914 to 1,523 m: 62


under 914 m: 32 (2004 est.)
Area total:
27,830 sq km

land:
25,650 sq km

water:
2,180 sq km
total: 752,614 sq km


land: 740,724 sq km


water: 11,890 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Maryland slightly larger than Texas
Background Between 1993 and 2000, wide-spread, often intense ethnic violence between Hutu and Tutsi factions in Burundi created hundreds of thousands of refugees and left tens of thousands dead. Although some refugees have returned from neighboring countries, continued ethnic strife has forced many others to flee. Burundian troops, seeking to secure their borders, have intervened in the conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The territory of Northern Rhodesia was administered by the South Africa Company from 1891 until it was taken over by the UK in 1923. During the 1920s and 1930s, advances in mining spurred development and immigration. The name was changed to Zambia upon independence in 1964. In the 1980s and 1990s, declining copper prices and a prolonged drought hurt the economy. Elections in 1991 brought an end to one-party rule, but the subsequent vote in 1996 saw blatant harassment of opposition parties. The election in 2001 was marked by administrative problems with three parties filing a legal petition challenging the election of ruling party candidate Levy MWANAWASA. The new president launched a far-reaching anti-corruption campaign in 2002, which resulted in the prosecution of former President Frederick CHILUBA and many of his supporters in late 2003. Opposition parties currently hold a majority of seats in the National Assembly.
Birth rate 40.13 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 41.38 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget revenues:
$125 million

expenditures:
$176 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
revenues: $1.129 billion


expenditures: $1.307 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
Capital Bujumbura Lusaka
Climate equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; wet seasons from February to May and September to November, and dry seasons from June to August and December to January tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April)
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution 13 March 1992; provided for establishment of a plural political system; supplanted on 6 June 1998 by a Transitional Constitution which enlarged the National Assembly and created two vice presidents 24 August 1991
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Burundi

conventional short form:
Burundi

local long form:
Republika y'u Burundi

local short form:
Burundi

former:
Urundi
conventional long form: Republic of Zambia


conventional short form: Zambia


former: Northern Rhodesia
Currency Burundi franc (BIF) -
Death rate 16.36 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 20.23 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external $1.12 billion (1999 est.) $5.353 billion (2004 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Mary Carlin YATES

embassy:
Avenue des Etats-Unis, Bujumbura

mailing address:
B. P. 1720, Bujumbura

telephone:
[257] 223454

FAX:
[257] 222926
chief of mission: Ambassador Martin George BRENNAN


embassy: corner of Independence and United Nations Avenues


mailing address: P. O. Box 31617, Lusaka


telephone: [260] (1) 250-955


FAX: [260] (1) 252-225
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Thomas NDIKUMANA

chancery:
Suite 212, 2233 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007

telephone:
[1] (202) 342-2574

FAX:
[1] (202) 342-2578
chief of mission: Ambassador Inonge MBIKUSITA-LEWANIKA


chancery: 2419 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 265-9717 through 9719


FAX: [1] (202) 332-0826
Disputes - international none in 2004 Zimbabwe dropped objections and joined Namibia in supporting plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river; 90,000 Angolan refugees were repatriated from Zambia by 2004, the remaining 160,000 are expected to return in 2005
Economic aid - recipient $1.344 billion (1999 est.) $651 million (2000 est.)
Economy - overview Burundi is a landlocked, resource-poor country with an underdeveloped manufacturing sector. The economy is predominantly agricultural with roughly 90% of the population dependent on subsistence agriculture. Its economic health depends on the coffee crop, which accounts for 80% of foreign exchange earnings. The ability to pay for imports therefore rests largely on the vagaries of the climate and the international coffee market. Since October 1993 the nation has suffered from massive ethnic-based violence which has resulted in the death of perhaps 250,000 persons and the displacement of about 800,000 others. Only one in four children go to school, and one in nine adults has HIV/AIDS. Foods, medicines, and electricity remain in short supply. Despite progress in privatization and budgetary reform, Zambia's economic growth remains somewhat below the 5% to 7% needed to reduce poverty significantly. Privatization of government-owned copper mines relieved the government from covering mammoth losses generated by the industry and greatly improved the chances for copper mining to return to profitability and spur economic growth. Copper output increased in 2004 and is expected to increase again in 2005, due to higher copper prices and the opening of new mines. The maize harvest was again good in 2004, helping boost GDP and agricultural exports. Cooperation continues with international bodies on programs to reduce poverty, including a new lending arrangement with the IMF in the second quarter, 2004. A tighter monetary policy will help cut inflation, but Zambia still has a serious problem with fiscal discipline.
Electricity - consumption 160.1 million kWh (1999) 5.345 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 2.25 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports 29 million kWh

note:
supplied by the Democratic Republic of the Congo (1999)
0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production 141 million kWh (1999) 8.167 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
0.71%

hydro:
99.29%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Lake Tanganyika 772 m

highest point:
Mount Heha 2,670 m
lowest point: Zambezi river 329 m


highest point: unnamed location in Mafinga Hills 2,301 m
Environment - current issues soil erosion as a result of overgrazing and the expansion of agriculture into marginal lands; deforestation (little forested land remains because of uncontrolled cutting of trees for fuel); habitat loss threatens wildlife populations air pollution and resulting acid rain in the mineral extraction and refining region; chemical runoff into watersheds; poaching seriously threatens rhinoceros, elephant, antelope, and large cat populations; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; lack of adequate water treatment presents human health risks
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified:
Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Ethnic groups Hutu (Bantu) 85%, Tutsi (Hamitic) 14%, Twa (Pygmy) 1%, Europeans 3,000, South Asians 2,000 African 98.7%, European 1.1%, other 0.2%
Exchange rates Burundi francs per US dollar - 782.36 (January 2001), 720.67 (2000), 563.56 (1999), 477.77 (1998), 352.35 (1997), 302.75 (1996) Zambian kwacha per US dollar - 4,778.9 (2004), 4,733.3 (2003), 4,398.6 (2002), 3,610.9 (2001), 3,110.8 (2000)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Pierre BUYOYA (interim president since 27 September 1996, officially sworn in 11 June 1998), First Vice President Frederic BAMVUGINYUMVIRA (since NA June 1998), Second Vice President Mathias SINAMENYE (since NA June 1998); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Pierre BUYOYA (interim president since 27 September 1996, officially sworn in 11 June 1998), First Vice President Frederic BAMVUGINYUMVIRA (since NA June 1998), Second Vice President Mathias SINAMENYE (since NA June 1998); note - the president is both chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by president

elections:
NA; current president assumed power following a coup on 25 July 1996 in which former President NTIBANTUNGANYA was overthrown
chief of state: President Levy MWANAWASA (since 2 January 2002); Vice President Lupando MWAPE (since 4 October 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Levy MWANAWASA (since 2 January 2002); Vice President Lupando MWAPE (since 4 October 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 27 December 2001 (next to be held December 2006); vice president appointed by the president


election results: Levy MWANAWASA elected president; percent of vote - Levy MWANAWASA 29%, Anderson MAZOKA 27%, Christon TEMBO 13%, Tilyenji KAUNDA 10%, Godfrey MIYANDA 8%, Benjamin MWILA 5%, Michael SATA 3%, other 5%
Exports $32 million (f.o.b., 2000) NA
Exports - commodities coffee, tea, sugar, cotton, hides copper/cobalt 64%, cobalt, electricity, tobacco, flowers, cotton
Exports - partners Germany 17%, Belgium 14%, US 8%, France 6%, Switzerland 4% (1999) South Africa 25.6%, UK 17%, Switzerland 16%, Tanzania 7.4%, Democratic Republic of the Congo 7%, Zimbabwe 5.8% (2004)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and outer side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below) green with a panel of three vertical bands of red (hoist side), black, and orange below a soaring orange eagle, on the outer edge of the flag
GDP purchasing power parity - $4.4 billion (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
50%

industry:
18%

services:
32% (1999 est.)
agriculture: 14.9%


industry: 28.9%


services: 56.1% (2004 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $720 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $900 (2004 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 1.8% (2000 est.) 4.6% (2004 est.)
Geographic coordinates 3 30 S, 30 00 E 15 00 S, 30 00 E
Geography - note landlocked; straddles crest of the Nile-Congo watershed landlocked; the Zambezi forms a natural riverine boundary with Zimbabwe
Highways total:
14,480 km

paved:
1,028 km

unpaved:
13,452 km (1996)
total: 91,440 km


paved: 20,117 km


unpaved: 71,323 km (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
3.4%

highest 10%:
26.6% (1992)
lowest 10%: 1.1%


highest 10%: 41% (1998)
Illicit drugs - transshipment point for moderate amounts of methaqualone, small amounts of heroin, and cocaine bound for Southern Africa and possibly Europe; a poorly developed financial infrastructure coupled with a government commitment to combating money laundering make it an unattractive venue for money launderers
Imports $110 million (f.o.b., 2000) NA
Imports - commodities capital goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, electricity, fertilizer; foodstuffs, clothing
Imports - partners Belgium 20%, Zambia 11%, Kenya 8%, South Africa 5%, France 4% (1999) South Africa 46.2%, UK 14.2%, UAE 7.1%, Zimbabwe 6% (2004)
Independence 1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration) 24 October 1964 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 6.3% (1999 est.) 6.9% (2004 est.)
Industries light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing copper mining and processing, construction, foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals, textiles, fertilizer, horticulture
Infant mortality rate 70.74 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 88.29 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 95.63 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 80.72 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 22% (2000 est.) 18.3% (2004 est.)
International organization participation ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, CEEAC, CEPGL, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat (nonsignatory user), Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACP, AfDB, AU, C, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, ONUB, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) -
Irrigated land 140 sq km (1993 est.) 460 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Cour Supreme; Constitutional Court; Courts of Appeal (there are three in separate locations); Tribunals of First Instance (17 at the province level and 123 small local tribunals) Supreme Court (the final court of appeal; justices are appointed by the president); High Court (has unlimited jurisdiction to hear civil and criminal cases)
Labor force 1.9 million 4.63 million (2004 est.)
Labor force - by occupation NA agriculture 85%, industry 6%, services 9%
Land boundaries total:
974 km

border countries:
Democratic Republic of the Congo 233 km, Rwanda 290 km, Tanzania 451 km
total: 5,664 km


border countries: Angola 1,110 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,930 km, Malawi 837 km, Mozambique 419 km, Namibia 233 km, Tanzania 338 km, Zimbabwe 797 km
Land use arable land:
44%

permanent crops:
9%

permanent pastures:
36%

forests and woodland:
3%

other:
8% (1993 est.)
arable land: 7.08%


permanent crops: 0.03%


other: 92.9% (2001)
Languages Kirundi (official), French (official), Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika and in the Bujumbura area) English (official), major vernaculars - Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages
Legal system based on German and Belgian civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in an ad hoc constitutional council; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (121 seats; note - new Transitional Constitution expanded the number of seats from 81 to 121 in 1998; members are elected by popular vote on a proportional basis to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 29 June 1993 (next was scheduled to be held in 1998, but suspended by presidential decree in 1996)

election results:
percent of vote by party - FRODEBU 71.04%, UPRONA 21.4%, other 7.56%; seats by party - FRODEBU 65, UPRONA 16, various other parties 40
unicameral National Assembly (150 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 27 December 2001 (next to be held December 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - MMD 45.9%, UPND 32.4%, UNIP 8.8%, FDD 8.1%, HP 2.7%, PF 0.7%, ZRP 0.7%, independents 0.7%; seats by party - MMD 68, UPND 48, UNIP 13, FDD 12, HP 4, PF 1, ZRP 1, independents 1; seats not determined 2
Life expectancy at birth total population:
46.06 years

male:
45.15 years

female:
46.99 years (2001 est.)
total population: 39.7 years


male: 39.43 years


female: 39.98 years (2005 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
35.3%

male:
49.3%

female:
22.5% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write English


total population: 80.6%


male: 86.8%


female: 74.8% (2003 est.)
Location Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo Southern Africa, east of Angola
Map references Africa Africa
Maritime claims none (landlocked) none (landlocked)
Military branches Army (includes naval and air units), paramilitary Gendarmerie Zambian National Defense Force (ZNDF): Army, Air Force, Police, National Service
Military expenditures - dollar figure $57 million (FY97) $106.8 million (2004)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 6.1% (FY97) 1.8% (2004)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
1,394,273 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
728,326 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - military age 16 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
79,360 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Independence Day, 1 July (1962) Independence Day, 24 October (1964)
Nationality noun:
Burundian(s)

adjective:
Burundi
noun: Zambian(s)


adjective: Zambian
Natural hazards flooding, landslides, drought periodic drought, tropical storms (November to April)
Natural resources nickel, uranium, rare earth oxides, peat, cobalt, copper, platinum (not yet exploited), vanadium, arable land, hydropower copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds, gold, silver, uranium, hydropower
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Pipelines - oil 771 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders Two national, mainstream governing parties are: Unity for National Progress or UPRONA [Luc RUKINGAMA, president]; Burundi Democratic Front or FRODEBU [Jean MINANI, president]

note:
A multiparty system was introduced after 1998, included are: Burundi African Alliance for the Salvation or ABASA [Terrence NSANZE]; Rally for Democracy and Economic and Social Development or RADDES [Joseph NZENZIMANA]; Party for National Redress or PARENA [Jean-Baptiste BAGAZA]; People's Reconciliation Party or PRP [Mathias HITIMANA]
Agenda for Zambia or AZ [Inonge MBIKUSITA-LEWANIKA]; Forum for Democracy and Development or FDD [Christon TEMBO]; Heritage Party or HP [Godfrey MIYANDA]; Liberal Progressive Front or LPF [Roger CHONGWE, president]; Movement for Multiparty Democracy or MMD [Levy MWANAWASA, acting president]; National Leadership for Development or NLD [Yobert SHAMAPANDE]; National Party or NP [Dr. Sam CHIPUNGU]; Patriotic Front or PF [Michael SATA]; Zambian Republican Party or ZRP [Benjamin MWILA]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Gwendoline KONIE]; United National Independence Party or UNIP [Francis NKHOMA, president]; United Party for National Development or UPND [Anderson MAZOKA]
Political pressure groups and leaders Loosely organized Tutsi militias, often affiliated with Tutsi extremist parties NA
Population 6,223,897

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
11,261,795


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line 36.2% (1990 est.) 86% (1993)
Population growth rate 2.38% (2001 est.) 2.12% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors Bujumbura Mpulungu
Radio broadcast stations AM 2, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 19, FM 5, shortwave 4 (2001)
Radios 440,000 (1997) -
Railways 0 km total: 2,173 km


narrow gauge: 2,173 km 1.067-m gauge


note: includes 891 km of the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA) (2004)
Religions Christian 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%), indigenous beliefs 23%, Muslim 10% Christian 50%-75%, Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, indigenous beliefs 1%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.97 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.7 male(s)/female

total population:
0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.76 male(s)/female


total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage NA years of age; universal adult 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
primitive system

domestic:
sparse system of open wire, radiotelephone communications, and low-capacity microwave radio relay

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
general assessment: facilities are aging but still among the best in Sub-Saharan Africa


domestic: high-capacity microwave radio relay connects most larger towns and cities; several cellular telephone services in operation; Internet service is widely available; very small aperture terminal (VSAT) networks are operated by private firms


international: country code - 260; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 16,000 (1997) 88,400 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular 619 (1997) 241,000 (2003)
Television broadcast stations 1 (1999) 9 (2002)
Terrain hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains
Total fertility rate 6.16 children born/woman (2001 est.) 5.47 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate NA% 50% (2000 est.)
Waterways Lake Tanganyika 2,250 km


note: includes Lake Tanganyika and the Zambezi and Luapula rivers (2003)
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