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Compare Botswana (2001) - Malawi (2001)
Compare Botswana (2001) z Malawi (2001)
| Botswana (2001) | Malawi (2001) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 10 districts and four town councils*; Central, Chobe, Francistown*, Gaborone*, Ghanzi, Kgalagadi, Kgatleng, Kweneng, Lobatse*, Ngamiland, North-East, Selebi-Pikwe*, South-East, Southern | 24 districts; Blantyre, Chikwawa, Chiradzulu, Chitipa, Dedza, Dowa, Karonga, Kasungu, Lilongwe, Machinga (Kasupe), Mangochi, Mchinji, Mulanje, Mwanza, Mzimba, Ntcheu, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Nsanje, Ntchisi, Rumphi, Salima, Thyolo, Zomba; note - there may be three new districts named Balaka, Likoma, and Phalombe |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
40.3% (male 321,164; female 318,007) 15-64 years: 55.56% (male 423,954; female 457,227) 65 years and over: 4.14% (male 26,691; female 39,076) (2001 est.) |
0-14 years:
44.43% (male 2,348,940; female 2,337,290) 15-64 years: 52.78% (male 2,741,622; female 2,825,966) 65 years and over: 2.79% (male 119,283; female 175,149) (2001 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | sorghum, corn, millet, pulses, groundnuts (peanuts), beans, cowpeas, sunflower seed; livestock | tobacco, sugarcane, cotton, tea, corn, potatoes, cassava (tapioca), sorghum, pulses; cattle, goats |
| Airports | 92 (2000 est.) | 44 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
11 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 8 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
total:
6 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 4 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total:
81 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 56 under 914 m: 22 (2000 est.) |
total:
38 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 14 under 914 m: 23 (2000 est.) |
| Area | total:
600,370 sq km land: 585,370 sq km water: 15,000 sq km |
total:
118,480 sq km land: 94,080 sq km water: 24,400 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly smaller than Texas | slightly smaller than Pennsylvania |
| Background | Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name upon independence in 1966. The economy, one of the most robust on the continent, is dominated by diamond mining. | Established in 1891, the British protectorate of Nyasaland became the independent nation of Malawi in 1964. After three decades of one-party rule, the country held multiparty elections in 1994 under a provisional constitution, which took full effect the following year. National multiparty elections were held again in 1999. |
| Birth rate | 28.85 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 37.8 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Budget | revenues:
$1.6 billion expenditures: $1.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $560 million (FY96) |
revenues:
$490 million expenditures: $523 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY99/00 est.) |
| Capital | Gaborone | Lilongwe |
| Climate | semiarid; warm winters and hot summers | sub-tropical; rainy season (November to May); dry season (May to November) |
| Coastline | 0 km (landlocked) | 0 km (landlocked) |
| Constitution | March 1965, effective 30 September 1966 | 18 May 1994 |
| Country name | conventional long form:
Republic of Botswana conventional short form: Botswana former: Bechuanaland |
conventional long form:
Republic of Malawi conventional short form: Malawi former: British Central African Protectorate, Nyasaland Protectorate, Nyasaland |
| Currency | pula (BWP) | Malawian kwacha (MWK) |
| Death rate | 24.18 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 22.81 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Debt - external | $455 million (2000) | $2.9 billion (2000 est.) |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | chief of mission:
Ambassador John E. LANGE embassy: address NA, Gaborone mailing address: P. O. Box 90, Gaborone telephone: [267] 353982 FAX: [267] 356947 |
chief of mission:
Ambassador Roger A. MEECE embassy: Area 40, Plot 24, Kenyatta Road mailing address: P. O. Box 30016, Lilongwe 3, Malawi telephone: [265] 773 166 FAX: [265] 770 471 |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission:
Ambassador Kgosi SEEPAPITSO IV chancery: 1531-1533 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 244-4990 FAX: [1] (202) 244-4164 |
chief of mission:
Ambassador Paul Tony Steven KANDIERO chancery: 2408 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 797-1007 |
| Disputes - international | none | dispute with Tanzania over the boundary in Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) |
| Economic aid - recipient | $73 million (1995) | $427 million (1999) |
| Economy - overview | Botswana has maintained one of the world's highest growth rates since independence in 1966. Through fiscal discipline and sound management, Botswana has transformed itself from one of the poorest countries in the world to a middle-income country with a per capita GDP of $6,600 in 2000. Diamond mining has fueled much of Botswana's economic expansion and currently accounts for more than one-third of GDP and for three-fourths of export earnings. Tourism, subsistence farming, and cattle raising are other key sectors. The government must deal with high rates of unemployment and poverty. Unemployment officially is 19%, but unofficial estimates place it closer to 40%. HIV/AIDS infection rates are the highest in the world and threaten Botswana's impressive economic gains. | Landlocked Malawi ranks among the world's least developed countries. The economy is predominately agricultural, with about 90% of the population living in rural areas. Agriculture accounts for 37% of GDP and 85% of export revenues. The economy depends on substantial inflows of economic assistance from the IMF, the World Bank, and individual donor nations. In late 2000, Malawi was approved for relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) program. The government faces strong challenges, e.g., to fully develop a market economy, to improve educational facilities, to face up to environmental problems, and to deal with the rapidly growing problem of HIV/AIDS. |
| Electricity - consumption | 1.517 billion kWh (1999) | 950 million kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (1999) | 3 million kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - imports | 950 million kWh (1999) | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production | 610 million kWh (1999) | 1.025 billion kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel:
100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
fossil fuel:
2.44% hydro: 97.56% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
junction of the Limpopo and Shashe Rivers 513 m highest point: Tsodilo Hills 1,489 m |
lowest point:
junction of the Shire River and international boundary with Mozambique 37 m highest point: Sapitwa 3,002 m |
| Environment - current issues | overgrazing; desertification; limited fresh water resources | deforestation; land degradation; water pollution from agricultural runoff, sewage, industrial wastes; siltation of spawning grounds endangers fish populations |
| Environment - international agreements | party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea |
| Ethnic groups | Tswana (or Setswana) 79%, Kalanga 11%, Basarwa 3%, other, including Kgalagadi and white 7% | Chewa, Nyanja, Tumbuko, Yao, Lomwe, Sena, Tonga, Ngoni, Ngonde, Asian, European |
| Exchange rates | pulas per US dollar - 5.4585 (January 2001), 5.1018 (2000), 4.6244 (1999), 4.2259 (1998), 3.6508 (1997), 3.3242 (1996) | Malawian kwachas per US dollar - 80.0946 (December 2000), 59.5438 (2000), 44.0881 (1999), 31.0727 (1998), 16.4442 (1997), 15.3085 (1996) |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
President Festus MOGAE (since 1 April 1998) and Vice President Seretse Ian KHAMA (since 13 July 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Festus MOGAE (since 1 April 1998) and Vice President Seretse Ian KHAMA (since 13 July 1998); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: president elected by the National Assembly for a five-year term; election last held 16 October 1999 (next to be held NA October 2004); vice president appointed by the president election results: Festus MOGAE elected president; percent of National Assembly vote - 54.3% |
chief of state:
President Bakili MULUZI (since 21 May 1994); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Bakili MULUZI (since 21 May 1994); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: 36-member Cabinet named by the president elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 15 June 1999 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: Bakili MULUZI reelected president; percent of vote - Bakili MULUZI (UDF) 51.4%, Gwandaguluwe CHAKUAMBA (MCP-AFORD) 44.3% |
| Exports | $2.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) | $416 million (f.o.b., 2000) |
| Exports - commodities | diamonds 72%, vehicles, copper, nickel, meat (1998) | tobacco, tea, sugar, cotton, coffee, peanuts, wood products |
| Exports - partners | EU 77%, Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 18%, Zimbabwe 3% (1998) | South Africa 16%, Germany 16%, US 15%, Netherlands 7%, Japan (1999) |
| Fiscal year | 1 April - 31 March | 1 July - 30 June |
| Flag description | light blue with a horizontal white-edged black stripe in the center | three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green with a radiant, rising, red sun centered in the black band |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $10.4 billion (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - $9.4 billion (2000 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
4% industry: 46% (including 36% mining) services: 50% (1998 est.) |
agriculture:
37% industry: 29% services: 34% (1998 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $6,600 (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - $900 (2000 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | 6% (2000 est.) | 3% (2000 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 22 00 S, 24 00 E | 13 30 S, 34 00 E |
| Geography - note | landlocked; population concentrated in eastern part of the country | landlocked |
| Highways | total:
18,482 km paved: 4,343 km unpaved: 14,139 km (1996) |
total:
16,451 km paved: 3,126 km unpaved: 13,325 km (1997) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | $2.2 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) | $435 million (f.o.b., 2000) |
| Imports - commodities | foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, textiles, petroleum products | food, petroleum products, semimanufactures, consumer goods, transportation equipment |
| Imports - partners | Southern African Customs Union (SACU) 76%, Europe 10%, South Korea 5% (1998) | South Africa 43%, Zimbabwe 14%, UK 5%, Germany 5%, Zambia, Japan, US (1999) |
| Independence | 30 September 1966 (from UK) | 6 July 1964 (from UK) |
| Industrial production growth rate | 6.2% (2000 est.) | NA% |
| Industries | diamonds, copper, nickel, coal, salt, soda ash, potash; livestock processing | tobacco, tea, sugar, sawmill products, cement, consumer goods |
| Infant mortality rate | 63.2 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) | 121.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 8.6% (2000 est.) | 29.5% (2000) |
| International organization participation | ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO | ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 3 (2000) | 8 (2001) |
| Irrigated land | 20 sq km (1993 est.) | 280 sq km (1993 est.) |
| Judicial branch | High Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrates' Courts (one in each district) | Supreme Court of Appeal; High Court (chief justice appointed by the president, puisne judges appointed on the advice of the Judicial Service Commission); magistrate's courts |
| Labor force | 235,000 formal sector employees (1995) | 3.5 million |
| Labor force - by occupation | 100,000 public sector; 135,000 private sector, including 14,300 who are employed in various mines in South Africa; most others engaged in cattle raising and subsistence agriculture (1995 est.) | agriculture 86% (1997 est.) |
| Land boundaries | total:
4,013 km border countries: Namibia 1,360 km, South Africa 1,840 km, Zimbabwe 813 km |
total:
2,881 km border countries: Mozambique 1,569 km, Tanzania 475 km, Zambia 837 km |
| Land use | arable land:
1% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 46% forests and woodland: 47% other: 6% (1993 est.) |
arable land:
34% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 20% forests and woodland: 39% other: 7% (1993 est.) |
| Languages | English (official), Setswana | English (official), Chichewa (official), other languages important regionally |
| Legal system | based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; judicial review limited to matters of interpretation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction | based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Appeal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Legislative branch | bicameral Parliament consists of the House of Chiefs (a largely advisory 15-member body consisting of the chiefs of the eight principal tribes, four elected subchiefs, and three members selected by the other 12) and the National Assembly (44 seats, 40 members are directly elected by popular vote and 4 appointed by the majority party; members serve five-year terms)
elections: National Assembly elections last held 16 October 1999 (next to be held NA October 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - BDP 57.2%, BNF 26%, other 16.8%; seats by party - BDP 33, BNF 6, other 1 |
unicameral National Assembly (193 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 15 June 1999 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - UDF 48%, MCP 34%, AFORD 15%, others 3%; seats by party - UDF 94, MCP 66, AFORD 29, others 4 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
37.13 years male: 36.77 years female: 37.51 years (2001 est.) |
total population:
37.08 years male: 36.61 years female: 37.55 years (2001 est.) |
| Literacy | definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 69.8% male: 80.5% female: 59.9% (1995 est.) |
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 58% male: 72.8% female: 43.4% (1999 est.) |
| Location | Southern Africa, north of South Africa | Southern Africa, east of Zambia |
| Map references | Africa | Africa |
| Maritime claims | none (landlocked) | none (landlocked) |
| Military branches | Botswana Defense Force (includes Army and Air Wing), Botswana National Police | Army (includes Air Wing and Naval Detachment), Police (includes paramilitary Mobile Force Unit) |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $61 million (FY99) | $9.5 million (FY00/01) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | 1.2% (FY99) | 0.76% (FY00/01) |
| Military manpower - availability | males age 15-49:
380,152 (2001 est.) |
males age 15-49:
2,466,708 (2001 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | males age 15-49:
199,995 (2001 est.) |
males age 15-49:
1,265,893 (2001 est.) |
| Military manpower - military age | 18 years of age | - |
| Military manpower - reaching military age annually | males:
19,479 (2001 est.) |
- |
| National holiday | Independence Day, 30 September (1966) | Independence Day, 6 July (1964) |
| Nationality | noun:
Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural) adjective: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural) |
noun:
Malawian(s) adjective: Malawian |
| Natural hazards | periodic droughts; seasonal August winds blow from the west, carrying sand and dust across the country, which can obscure visibility | NA |
| Natural resources | diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash, coal, iron ore, silver | limestone, arable land, hydropower, unexploited deposits of uranium, coal, and bauxite |
| Net migration rate | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | Botswana Democratic Party or BDP [Festus MOGAE]; Botswana National Front or BNF [Kenneth KOMA]; Botswana Congress Party or BCP [Michael DINGAKE]; Botswana Alliance Movement or BAM [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO]
note: main parties are: BDP, BNF, BCP; other minor parties joined forces in 1999 to form the Botswana Alliance Movement or BAM [Ephraim SETSHWAELO, chairman] but did not capture any parliamentary seats; the BAM parties are: the United Action Party [Ephraim Lepetu SETSHWAELO], the Botswana Peoples Party, the Independence Freedom Party [Motsamai MPHO], and the Botswana Progressive Union [D. K. KWELE] |
Alliance for Democracy or AFORD [Chakufwa CHIHANA, president]; Malawi Congress Party or MCP [Gwanda CHAKUAMBA, president, John TEMBO, vice president]; Malawi Democratic Party or MDP [Kampelo KALUA, president]; National Independence Party; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Eston KAKHOME, president]; United Democratic Front or UDF [Bakili MULUZI] - governing party |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | NA | NA |
| Population | 1,586,119
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.) |
10,548,250
note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | 47% (2000 est.) | 54% (FY90/91 est.) |
| Population growth rate | 0.47% (2001 est.) | 1.5% (2001 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | none | Chipoka, Monkey Bay, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Chilumba |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 7, FM 15, shortwave 5 (1998) | AM 9, FM 4 (plus 15 repeater stations), shortwave 3 (1998) |
| Radios | 237,000 (1997) | 2.6 million (1997) |
| Railways | total:
888 km narrow gauge: 888 km 1.067-m gauge (2000) |
total:
789 km narrow gauge: 789 km 1.067-m gauge |
| Religions | indigenous beliefs 50%, Christian 50% | Protestant 55%, Roman Catholic 20%, Muslim 20%, indigenous beliefs |
| Sex ratio | at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.97 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
| Suffrage | 18 years of age; universal | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
sparse system domestic: small system of open-wire lines, microwave radio relay links, and a few radiotelephone communication stations international: two international exchanges; digital microwave radio relay links to Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) |
general assessment:
NA domestic: fair system of open-wire lines, microwave radio relay links, and radiotelephone communications stations international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 86,000 (1997) | 37,000 (1997) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | NA | 7,000 (1997) |
| Television broadcast stations | 0 (1997) | 1 (1999) |
| Terrain | predominantly flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari Desert in southwest | narrow elongated plateau with rolling plains, rounded hills, some mountains |
| Total fertility rate | 3.7 children born/woman (2001 est.) | 5.18 children born/woman (2001 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 40% (2000 est.) | NA% |
| Waterways | none | 144 km
note: on Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and Shire Riverall |
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