Compare Albania (2002) - Mauritius (2002)

Compare Albania (2002) z Mauritius (2002)

	Albania (2002)	Mauritius (2002)

Administrative divisions	12 counties (qarqe, singular - qark); Qarku i Beratit, Qarku i Dibres, Qarku i Durresit, Qarku i Elbasanit, Qarku i Fierit, Qarku i Gjirokastres, Qarku i Korces, Qarku i Kukesit, Qarku i Lezhes, Qarku i Shkodres, Qarku i Tiranes, Qarku i Vlores	9 districts and 3 dependencies; Agalega Islands, Black River, Cargados Carajos Shoals, Flacq, Grand Port, Moka, Pamplemousses, Plaines Wilhems, Port Louis, Riviere du Rempart, Rodrigues, Savanne
Age structure	0-14 years: 28.8% (male 528,678; female 493,531) 15-64 years: 64% (male 1,094,034; female 1,175,024) 65 years and over: 7.2% (male 111,524; female 142,050) (2002 est.)	0-14 years: 25.4% (male 153,810; female 150,464) 15-64 years: 68.3% (male 409,028; female 411,070) 65 years and over: 6.3% (male 30,170; female 45,664) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	wheat, corn, potatoes, vegetables, fruits, sugar beets, grapes; meat, dairy products	sugarcane, tea, corn, potatoes, bananas, pulses; cattle, goats; fish
Airports	11 (2001)	5 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 (2002)	total: 2 over 3,047 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 8 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 4 (2002)	total: 3 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Area	total: 28,748 sq km land: 27,398 sq km water: 1,350 sq km	total: 2,040 sq km land: 2,030 sq km water: 10 sq km note: includes Agalega Islands, Cargados Carajos Shoals (Saint Brandon), and Rodrigues
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Maryland	almost 11 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	In 1990 Albania ended 44 years of xenophobic communist rule and established a multiparty democracy. The transition has proven difficult as corrupt governments have tried to deal with high unemployment, a dilapidated infrastructure, widespread gangsterism, and disruptive political opponents. International observers judged local elections in 2001 to be acceptable and a step toward democratic development, but identified serious deficiencies which should be addressed through reforms in the Albanian electoral code.	Discovered by the Portuguese in 1505, Mauritius was subsequently held by the Dutch, French, and British before independence was attained in 1968. A stable democracy with regular free elections and a positive human rights record, the country has attracted considerable foreign investment and has earned one of Africa's highest per capita incomes. Recent poor weather and declining sugar prices have slowed economic growth leading to some protests over standards of living in the Creole community.
Birth rate	18.59 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)	16.34 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $697 million expenditures: $1.5 billion, including capital expenditures of $368 million (2002 est.)	revenues: $1.1 billion expenditures: $1.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
Capital	Tirana	Port Louis
Climate	mild temperate; cool, cloudy, wet winters; hot, clear, dry summers; interior is cooler and wetter	tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May)
Coastline	362 km	177 km
Constitution	a constitution was adopted by popular referendum on 28 November 1998; note - the opposition Democratic Party boycotted the vote	12 March 1968; amended 12 March 1992
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Albania conventional short form: Albania local long form: Republika e Shqiperise local short form: Shqiperia former: People's Socialist Republic of Albania	conventional long form: Republic of Mauritius conventional short form: Mauritius
Currency	lek (ALL)	Mauritian rupee (MUR)
Death rate	6.49 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)	6.81 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	$784 million (2000)	$2.3 billion (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador James F. JEFFREY embassy: Rruga Elbasanit, Labinoti #103, Tirana mailing address: U. S. Department of State, 9510 Tirana Place, Washington, DC 20521-9510 telephone: [355] (4) 247285 FAX: [355] (4) 232222	chief of mission: Ambassador John PRICE embassy: 4th Floor, Rogers House, John Kennedy Street, Port Louis mailing address: international mail: P. O. Box 544, Port Louis; US mail: American Embassy, Port Louis, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-2450 telephone: [230] 202-4400 FAX: [230] 208-9534
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Dr. Fatos TARIFA chancery: 2100 S Street NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 223-4942 FAX: [1] (202) 628-7342	chief of mission: Ambassador Usha JEETAH chancery: 4301 Connecticut Avenue NW, Suite 441, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 244-1491, 1492 FAX: [1] (202) 966-0983
Disputes - international	the Albanian Government supports protection of the rights of ethnic Albanians outside of its borders in the Kosovo region of Serbia and Montenegro and in the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia while continuing to seek regional cooperation; many Albanians illegally transit neighboring states to emigrate to western Europe	Mauritius claims the Chagos Archipelago (UK-administered British Indian Ocean Territory), and its former inhabitants, who reside chiefly in Mauritius, but were granted UK citizenship and the right to repatriation in 2001; claims French-administered Tromelin Island
Economic aid - recipient	ODA: $315 million (top donors were Italy, EU, Germany) (2000 est.)	$42 million (1997) (1997)
Economy - overview	Poor and backward by European standards, Albania is making the difficult transition to a more modern open-market economy. The government has taken measures to curb violent crime and to revive economic activity and trade. The economy is bolstered by remittances from abroad of $400-$600 million annually, mostly from Greece and Italy. Agriculture, which accounts for half of GDP, is held back because of frequent drought and the need to modernize equipment and consolidate small plots of land. Severe energy shortages are forcing small firms out of business, increasing unemployment, scaring off foreign investors, and spurring inflation. The government plans to boost energy imports to relieve the shortages.	Since independence in 1968, Mauritius has developed from a low-income, agriculturally based economy to a middle-income diversified economy with growing industrial, financial, and tourist sectors. For most of the period, annual growth has been in the order of 5% to 6%. This remarkable achievement has been reflected in more equitable income distribution, increased life expectancy, lowered infant mortality, and a much improved infrastructure. Sugarcane is grown on about 90% of the cultivated land area and accounts for 25% of export earnings. The government's development strategy centers on foreign investment. Mauritius has attracted more than 9,000 offshore entities, many aimed at commerce in India and South Africa, and investment in the banking sector alone has reached over $1 billion. Mauritius, with its strong textile sector and responsible fiscal management, was well-poised to take advantage of the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA).
Electricity - consumption	5.378 billion kWh (2000)	1.195 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	100 million kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	1.072 billion kWh (2000)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	4.738 billion kWh (2000)	1.285 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 3% hydro: 97% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)	fossil fuel: 91% hydro: 9% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m highest point: Maja e Korabit (Golem Korab) 2,753 m	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Piton 828 m
Environment - current issues	deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution from industrial and domestic effluents	water pollution, degradation of coral reefs
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	Albanian 95%, Greek 3%, other 2% (Vlach, Gypsy, Serb, and Bulgarian) (1989 est.) note: in 1989, other estimates of the Greek population ranged from 1% (official Albanian statistics) to 12% (from a Greek organization)	Indo-Mauritian 68%, Creole 27%, Sino-Mauritian 3%, Franco-Mauritian 2%
Exchange rates	leke per US dollar - 140.16 (November 2001), 143.71 (2000) 137.69 (1999), 150.63 (1998), 148.93 (1997); note - leke is the plural of lek	Mauritian rupees per US dollar - 30.345 (January 2002), 29.129 (2001), 26.250 (2000), 25.186 (1999), 22.993 (1998), 21.057 (1997)
Executive branch	chief of state: President of the Republic Alfred MOISIU (since 24 July 2002) head of government: Prime Minister Fatos NANO (since 31 July 2002) cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister and approved by the president elections: president elected by the People's Assembly for a five-year term; election last held 24 June 2002 (next to be held NA June 2007); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Alfred MOISIU elected president; People's Assembly vote by number - total votes 116, for 97, against 19	chief of state: President Karl OFFMANN (since 25 February 2002) and Vice President Raouf BUNDHUN (since 25 February 2002) head of government: Prime Minister Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH (since 17 September 2000) and Deputy Prime Minister Paul BERENGER (since 17 September 2000) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: president and vice president elected by the National Assembly for five-year terms; election last held 25 February 2002 (next to be held NA 2007); prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the president, responsible to the National Assembly election results: Karl OFFMANN elected president and Raouf BUNDHUN elected vice president; percent of vote by the National Assembly - NA%
Exports	$340 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)	$1.6 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Exports - commodities	textiles and footwear; asphalt, metals and metallic ores, crude oil; vegetables, fruits, tobacco	clothing and textiles, sugar, cut flowers, molasses
Exports - partners	Italy 71%, Greece 12%, Germany 7%, Yugoslavia 3% (2001)	UK 25.8%, France 20.8%, US 16.0%, South Africa 10.9%, Germany, Italy (2000 est.)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	red with a black two-headed eagle in the center	four equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, yellow, and green
GDP	purchasing power parity - $14 billion (2002 est.)	purchasing power parity - $12.9 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 49% industry: 27% services: 24% (2002 est.)	agriculture: 6% industry: 33% services: 61% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $4,500 (2002 est.)	purchasing power parity - $10,800 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	5% (2002 est.)	5.2% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates	41 00 N, 20 00 E	20 17 S, 57 33 E
Geography - note	strategic location along Strait of Otranto (links Adriatic Sea to Ionian Sea and Mediterranean Sea)	the main island, from which the country derives its name, is of volcanic origin and is almost entirely surrounded by coral reefs
Heliports	1 (2002)	-
Highways	total: 18,000 km paved: 5,400 km unpaved: 12,600 km (1998 est.)	total: 1,860 km paved: 1,786 km (including 36 km of expressways) unpaved: 74 km (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	increasingly active transshipment point for Southwest Asian opiates, hashish, and cannabis transiting the Balkan route and - to a far lesser extent - cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe; limited opium and growing cannabis production; ethnic Albanian narcotrafficking organizations active and rapidly expanding in Europe; vulnerable to money laundering associated with regional trafficking in narcotics, arms, contraband, and illegal aliens	minor consumer and transshipment point for heroin from South Asia; small amounts of cannabis produced and consumed locally; significant offshore financial industry creates potential for money laundering, but corruption levels are relatively low and the government appears generally to be committed to regulating its banking industry
Imports	$1.5 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)	$2 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Imports - commodities	machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, textiles, chemicals	manufactured goods, capital equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals (1996)
Imports - partners	Italy 32%, Greece 26%, Turkey 6%, Germany 6%, Bulgaria 2% (2001)	South Africa 20.0%, France 19.0%, India 9.0%, Hong Kong 5.2%, UK (2000 est.)
Independence	28 November 1912 (from Ottoman Empire)	12 March 1968 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate	9% (2000 est.)	8% (2000 est.)
Industries	food processing, textiles and clothing; lumber, oil, cement, chemicals, mining, basic metals, hydropower	food processing (largely sugar milling), textiles, clothing; chemicals, metal products, transport equipment, nonelectrical machinery; tourism
Infant mortality rate	38.64 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)	16.65 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	6% (2002 est.)	4.2% (2001 est.)
International organization participation	ACCT, BSEC, CCC, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNOMIG, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UN Security Council (temporary), UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	10 (2001)	2 (2000)
Irrigated land	3,400 sq km (1998 est.)	200 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court (chairman is elected by the People's Assembly for a four-year term)	Supreme Court
Labor force	1.283 million (not including 352,000 emigrant workers and 261,000 domestically unemployed) (2000 est.)	514,000 (1995) (1995)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 50%, industry and services 50%	construction and industry 36%, services 24%, agriculture and fishing 14%, trade, restaurants, hotels 16%, transportation and communication 7%, finance 3% (1995) (1995)
Land boundaries	total: 720 km border countries: Greece 282 km, The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 151 km, Serbia and Montenegro 287 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 21.09% permanent crops: 4.45% other: 74.46% (1998 est.)	arable land: 49.26% permanent crops: 2.96% other: 47.78% (1998 est.)
Languages	Albanian (Tosk is the official dialect), Greek	English (official), Creole, French (official), Hindi, Urdu, Hakka, Bhojpuri
Legal system	has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	based on French civil law system with elements of English common law in certain areas
Legislative branch	unicameral People's Assembly or Kuvendi Popullor (140 seats; 100 are elected by direct popular vote and 40 by proportional vote for four-year terms) elections: last held 24 June with subsequent rounds on 8 July, 22 July, 29 July, 19 August 2001 (next to be held NA June 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - PS 41.5%, PD and coalition allies 36.8%, NDP 5.2%, PSD 3.6%, PBDNJ 2.6%, PASH 2.6%, PAD 2.5%; seats by party - PS 73, PD and coalition allies 46, NDP 6, PSD 4, PBDNJ 3, PASH 3, PAD 3, independents 2	unicameral National Assembly (66 seats; 62 elected by popular vote, 4 appointed by the election commission from the losing political parties to give representation to various ethnic minorities; members serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 11 September 2000 (next to be held by September 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - MSM/MMM 52.3%, MLP/PMSD 36.9%, OPR 10.8%; seats by party - MSM/MMM 54, MLP/PMSD 6, OPR 2
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 72.1 years male: 69.27 years female: 75.14 years (2002 est.)	total population: 71.53 years male: 67.54 years female: 75.58 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 9 and over can read and write total population: 93% (1997 est.) male: NA% female: NA%	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 82.9% male: 87.1% female: 78.8% (1995 est.)
Location	Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Ionian Sea, between Greece and Serbia and Montenegro	Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar
Map references	Europe	Political Map of the World
Maritime claims	continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation territorial sea: 12 NM	continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	total: 7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 13,423 GRT/20,837 DWT ships by type: cargo 7, includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Croatia 1, Honduras 1 (2002 est.)	total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 66,004 GRT/90,017 DWT ships by type: cargo 2, combination bulk 2, container 2, refrigerated cargo 2 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience:, Belgium 1, India 3, Norway 1, Switzerland 2 (2002 est.)
Military branches	Army, Navy, Air and Air Defense Forces, Interior Ministry Troops, Border Guards	National Police Force (includes the paramilitary Special Mobile Force or SMF and National Coast Guard)
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$56.5 million (FY02)	$9.1 million (FY01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	1.49% (FY02)	0.2% (FY01)
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 888,086 (2002 est.)	males age 15-49: 340,050 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 727,406 (2002 est.)	males age 15-49: 171,239 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age	19 years of age (2002 est.)	-
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 35,792 (2002 est.)	-
National holiday	Independence Day, 28 November (1912)	Independence Day, 12 March (1968)
Nationality	noun: Albanian(s) adjective: Albanian	noun: Mauritian(s) adjective: Mauritian
Natural hazards	destructive earthquakes; tsunamis occur along southwestern coast; floods; drought	cyclones (November to April); almost completely surrounded by reefs that may pose maritime hazards
Natural resources	petroleum, natural gas, coal, chromium, copper, timber, nickel, hydropower	arable land, fish
Net migration rate	-1.46 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)	-0.92 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines	crude oil 196 km; petroleum products 55 km; natural gas 64 km (1996)	-
Political parties and leaders	Agrarian Party or PASH [Lufter XHUVELI]; Albanian National Front (Balli Kombetar) or PBK [Shptim ROQI]; Albanian Republican Party or PR [Fatmir MEDIU]; Albanian Socialist Party or PS (formerly the Albania Workers Party) [Fatos NANO, chairman]; Christian Democratic Party or PDK [Zef BUSHATI]; Democratic Alliance or PAD [Nerltan CEKA]; Democratic Party or PD [Sali BERISHA]; Group of Reformist Democrats [Leonard NDOKA]; Legality Movement Party or PLL [Ekrem SPAHIA]; Liberal Union Party or PBL [Teodor LACO]; New Democratic Party or NDP [Genc POLLO]; OMONIA [Vagjelis DULES]; Party of National Unity or PUK [Idajet BEQUIRI]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Skender GJINUSHI]; Unity for Human Rights Party or PBDNJ [Vasil MELO, chairman]	Hizbullah [Cehl Mohamed FAKEEMEEAH]; Mauritian Labor Party or MLP [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]; Mauritian Militant Movement or MMM [Paul BERENGER] - in coalition with MSM; Mauritian Militant Renaissance or MMR [Dr. Paramhansa NABABSING]; Mauritian Social Democrat Party or PMSD [Charles Xavier-Luc DUVAL]; Militant Socialist Movement or MSM [Sir Anerood JUGNAUTH] - governing party; Rodrigues Movement or OPR [Joseph (Nicholas) Von MALLY]
Political pressure groups and leaders	NA	various labor unions
Population	3,544,841 (July 2002 est.)	1,200,206 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	30% (2001 est.)	10% (2001 est.)
Population growth rate	1.06% (2002 est.)	0.86% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	Durres, Sarande, Shengjin, Vlore	Port Louis
Radio broadcast stations	AM 13, FM 4, shortwave 2 (2001)	AM 4, FM 9, shortwave 0 (2002)
Radios	1 million (2001)	420,000 (1997)
Railways	total: 447 km standard gauge: 447 km 1.435-m gauge (2001 est.)	0 km (2002)
Religions	Muslim 70%, Albanian Orthodox 20%, Roman Catholic 10% note: all mosques and churches were closed in 1967 and religious observances prohibited; in November 1990, Albania began allowing private religious practice	Hindu 52%, Christian 28.3% (Roman Catholic 26%, Protestant 2.3%), Muslim 16.6%, other 3.1%
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.07 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.93 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2002 est.)	at birth: 1.02 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.66 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal and compulsory	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: Albania has the poorest telephone service in Europe with fewer than two telephones per 100 inhabitants; it is doubtful that every village has telephone service domestic: obsolete wire system; no longer provides a telephone for every village; in 1992, following the fall of the Communist government, peasants cut the wire to about 1,000 villages and used it to build fences international: inadequate; international traffic carried by microwave radio relay from the Tirana exchange to Italy and Greece	general assessment: small system with good service domestic: primarily microwave radio relay trunk system international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); new microwave link to Reunion; HF radiotelephone links to several countries
Telephones - main lines in use	120,000 (2001)	280,900 (2000)
Telephones - mobile cellular	250,000 (2001)	180,000 (2000)
Television broadcast stations	3 (plus 58 repeaters) (2001)	2 (plus several repeaters) (1997)
Terrain	mostly mountains and hills; small plains along coast	small coastal plain rising to discontinuous mountains encircling central plateau
Total fertility rate	2.27 children born/woman (2002 est.)	2 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	17% officially (2001 est.); may be as high as 30% (2001)	8.6% (2001 est.)
Waterways	43 km note: includes Albanian sections of Lake Scutari, Lake Ohrid, and Lake Prespa (1990)	none

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