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Compare Zimbabwe (2005) - Montserrat (2002)

Compare Zimbabwe (2005) z Montserrat (2002)

 Zimbabwe (2005)Montserrat (2002)
 ZimbabweMontserrat
Administrative divisions 8 provinces and 2 cities* with provincial status; Bulawayo*, Harare*, Manicaland, Mashonaland Central, Mashonaland East, Mashonaland West, Masvingo, Matabeleland North, Matabeleland South, Midlands 3 parishes; Saint Anthony, Saint Georges, Saint Peter
Age structure 0-14 years: 39.2% (male 2,522,609/female 2,474,131)


15-64 years: 57.1% (male 3,686,354/female 3,592,662)


65 years and over: 3.7% (male 235,478/female 235,756) (2005 est.)
0-14 years: 23.6% (male 1,001; female 986)


15-64 years: 65% (male 2,624; female 2,864)


65 years and over: 11.4% (male 508; female 454) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products corn, cotton, tobacco, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, peanuts; sheep, goats, pigs cabbages, carrots, cucumbers, tomatoes, onions, peppers; livestock products
Airports 404 (2004 est.) none; only airport was destroyed by volcanic activity; a helicopter service to Antigua is used
Airports - with paved runways total: 17


over 3,047 m: 3


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 4


914 to 1,523 m: 8 (2004 est.)
-
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 387


1,524 to 2,437 m: 5


914 to 1,523 m: 186


under 914 m: 196 (2004 est.)
-
Area total: 390,580 sq km


land: 386,670 sq km


water: 3,910 sq km
total: 102 sq km


land: 102 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly larger than Montana about 0.6 times the size of Washington, DC
Background The UK annexed Southern Rhodesia from the South Africa Company in 1923. A 1961 constitution was formulated that favored whites in power. In 1965 the government unilaterally declared its independence, but the UK did not recognize the act and demanded more complete voting rights for the black African majority in the country (then called Rhodesia). UN sanctions and a guerrilla uprising finally led to free elections in 1979 and independence (as Zimbabwe) in 1980. Robert MUGABE, the nation's first prime minister, has been the country's only ruler (as president since 1987) and has dominated the country's political system since independence. His chaotic land redistribution campaign begun in 2000 caused an exodus of white farmers, crippled the economy, and ushered in widespread shortages of basic commodities. Ignoring international condemnation, MUGABE rigged the 2002 presidential election to ensure his reelection. Opposition and labor groups launched general strikes in 2003 to pressure MUGABE to retire early; security forces continued their brutal repression of regime opponents. Much of this island has been devastated and two-thirds of the population has fled abroad due to the eruption of the Soufriere Hills volcano that began on 18 July 1995.
Birth rate 29.74 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) 17.54 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues: $1.325 billion


expenditures: $1.593 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
revenues: $31.4 million


expenditures: $31.6 million, including capital expenditures of $8.4 million
Capital Harare Plymouth (abandoned in 1997 due to volcanic activity; interim government buildings have been built at Brades Estate, in the Carr's Bay/Little Bay vicinity at the northwest end of Montserrat)
Climate tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to March) tropical; little daily or seasonal temperature variation
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 40 km
Constitution 21 December 1979 present constitution came into force 19 December 1989
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Zimbabwe


conventional short form: Zimbabwe


former: Southern Rhodesia, Rhodesia
conventional long form: none


conventional short form: Montserrat
Currency - East Caribbean dollar (XCD)
Death rate 24.66 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) 7.47 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $4.086 billion (2004 est.) $8.9 million (1997) (1997)
Dependency status - overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Joseph G. SULLIVAN


embassy: 172 Herbert Chitepo Avenue, Harare


mailing address: P. O. Box 3340, Harare


telephone: [263] (4) 250-593 and 250-594


FAX: [263] (4) 796488
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Simbi Veke MUBAKO


chancery: 1608 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009


telephone: [1] (202) 332-7100


FAX: [1] (202) 483-9326
none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international Botswana has built electric fences and South Africa has placed military along the border to stem the flow of thousands of Zimbabweans fleeing to find work and escape political persecution; Namibia has supported and in 2004 Zimbabwe dropped objections to plans between Botswana and Zambia to build a bridge over the Zambezi River, thereby de facto recognizing a short, but not clearly delimited Botswana-Zambia boundary in the river none
Economic aid - recipient $178 million; note - the EU and the US provide food aid on humanitarian grounds (2000 est.) Country Policy Plan (2001) is a three-year program for spending $122.8 million in British budgetary assistance
Economy - overview The government of Zimbabwe faces a wide variety of difficult economic problems as it struggles with an unsustainable fiscal deficit, an overvalued exchange rate, soaring inflation, and bare shelves. Its 1998-2002 involvement in the war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, for example, drained hundreds of millions of dollars from the economy. Badly needed support from the IMF has been suspended because of the country's failure to meet budgetary goals. Inflation rose from an annual rate of 32% in 1998 to 133% at the end of 2004, while the exchange rate fell from 24 Zimbabwean dollars per US dollar to 6,200 in the same time period. The government's land reform program, characterized by chaos and violence, has badly damaged the commercial farming sector, the traditional source of exports and foreign exchange and the provider of 400,000 jobs. Severe volcanic activity, which began in July 1995, has put a damper on this small, open economy. A catastrophic eruption in June 1997 closed the airports and seaports, causing further economic and social dislocation. Two-thirds of the 12,000 inhabitants fled the island. Some began to return in 1998, but lack of housing limited the number. The agriculture sector continued to be affected by the lack of suitable land for farming and the destruction of crops. Prospects for the economy depend largely on developments in relation to the volcano and on public sector construction activity. The UK has launched a three-year $122.8 million aid program to help reconstruct the economy. Half of the island is expected to remain uninhabitable for another decade.
Electricity - consumption 11.22 billion kWh (2002) 4.65 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2002) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports 3 billion kWh (2002) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production 8.839 billion kWh (2002) 5 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point: junction of the Runde and Save rivers 162 m


highest point: Inyangani 2,592 m
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m


highest point: Chances Peak (in the Soufriere Hills volcanic complex) 914 m
Environment - current issues deforestation; soil erosion; land degradation; air and water pollution; the black rhinoceros herd - once the largest concentration of the species in the world - has been significantly reduced by poaching; poor mining practices have led to toxic waste and heavy metal pollution land erosion occurs on slopes that have been cleared for cultivation
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
-
Ethnic groups African 98% (Shona 82%, Ndebele 14%, other 2%), mixed and Asian 1%, white less than 1% black, white
Exchange rates Zimbabwean dollars per US dollar - 4,303.28 (2004), 697.424 (2003), 55.036 (2002), 55.052 (2001), 44.418 (2000)


note: these are official exchange rates, non-official rates vary significantly
East Caribbean dollars per US dollar - 2.7000 (fixed rate since 1976)
Executive branch chief of state: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 December 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Vice President Joyce MUJURU (since 6 December 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly


elections: presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote for a 6-year term; election last held 9-11 March 2002 (next to be held March 2008); co-vice presidents appointed by the president


election results: Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 56.2%, Morgan TSVANGIRAI 41.9%
chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Anthony LONGRIGG (since NA May 2001)


head of government: Chief Minister John OSBORNE (since 5 April 2001)


cabinet: Executive Council consists of the governor, the chief minister, three other ministers, the attorney general, and the finance secretary


elections: the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party usually becomes chief minister
Exports NA $1.5 million (1998)
Exports - commodities cotton, tobacco, gold, ferroalloys, textiles/clothing electronic components, plastic bags, apparel, hot peppers, live plants, cattle
Exports - partners South Africa 31.5%, Switzerland 7.4%, UK 7.3%, China 6.1%, Germany 4.3% (2004) US, Antigua and Barbuda (1993)
Fiscal year calendar year 1 April - 31 March
Flag description seven equal horizontal bands of green, yellow, red, black, red, yellow, and green with a white isosceles triangle edged in black with its base on the hoist side; a yellow Zimbabwe bird representing the long history of the country is superimposed on a red five-pointed star in the center of the triangle, which symbolizes peace; green symbolizes agriculture, yellow - mineral wealth, red - blood shed to achieve independence, and black stands for the native people blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Montserratian coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms features a woman standing beside a yellow harp with her arm around a black cross
GDP - purchasing power parity - $31 million (1999 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 18.1%


industry: 24.3%


services: 57.7% (2004 est.)
agriculture: 5%


industry: 14%


services: 81% (1996 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,900 (2004 est.) purchasing power parity - $2,400 (1999 est.)
GDP - real growth rate -8.2% (2004 est.) -1.5% (1999 est.)
Geographic coordinates 20 00 S, 30 00 E 16 45 N, 62 12 W
Geography - note landlocked; the Zambezi forms a natural riverine boundary with Zambia; in full flood (February-April) the massive Victoria Falls on the river forms the world's largest curtain of falling water the island is entirely volcanic in origin and contains seven active volcanoes
Highways total: 18,338 km


paved: 8,692 km


unpaved: 9,646 km (1999 est.)
total: 269 km


paved: 203 km


unpaved: 66 km (1995)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 1.97%


highest 10%: 40.42% (1995)
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs transit point for African cannabis and South Asian heroin, mandrax, and methamphetamines destined for the South African and European markets transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe
Imports NA $26 million (1998)
Imports - commodities machinery and transport equipment, other manufactures, chemicals, fuels machinery and transportation equipment, foodstuffs, manufactured goods, fuels, lubricants, and related materials
Imports - partners South Africa 46.9%, Botswana 3.6%, UK 3.4% (2004) US, UK, Trinidad and Tobago, Japan, Canada (1993)
Independence 18 April 1980 (from UK) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate -7.8% (2004 est.) NA%
Industries mining (coal, gold, platinum, copper, nickel, tin, clay, numerous metallic and nonmetallic ores), steel, wood products, cement, chemicals, fertilizer, clothing and footwear, foodstuffs, beverages tourism, rum, textiles, electronic appliances
Infant mortality rate total: 67.69 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 70.32 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 64.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
7.98 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 133% (2004 est.) 5% (1998) (1998)
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, AU, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO Caricom, CDB, ECLAC (associate), ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), OECS, WCL
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 17 (2000)
Irrigated land 1,170 sq km (1998 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Court; High Court Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (based in Saint Lucia, one judge of the Supreme Court is a resident of the islands and presides over the High Court)
Labor force 4.23 million (2004 est.) 4,521 (1992); note - lowered by flight of people from volcanic activity
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 66%, industry 10%, services 24% (1996) agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%
Land boundaries total: 3,066 km


border countries: Botswana 813 km, Mozambique 1,231 km, South Africa 225 km, Zambia 797 km
0 km
Land use arable land: 8.32%


permanent crops: 0.34%


other: 91.34% (2001)
arable land: 20%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 80% (1998 est.)
Languages English (official), Shona, Sindebele (the language of the Ndebele, sometimes called Ndebele), numerous but minor tribal dialects English
Legal system mixture of Roman-Dutch and English common law English common law and statutory law
Legislative branch unicameral House of Assembly (150 seats - 120 elected by popular vote for five-year terms, 12 nominated by the president, 10 occupied by traditional chiefs chosen by their peers, and 8 occupied by provincial governors appointed by the president)


elections: last held 31 March 2005 (next to be held NA 2010)


election results: percent of vote by party - ZANU-PF 59.6%, MDC 39.5%, other 0.9%; seats by party - ZANU-PF 78, MDC 41, Independents 1
unicameral Legislative Council (11 seats, 9 popularly elected; members serve five-year terms)


note: expanded in 2001 from 7 to 9 elected members with attorney general and financial secretary sitting as ex-officio members


elections: last held NA April 2001 (next to be held by November 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NPLM 7, NPP 2


note: in 2001, the Elections Commission instituted a single constituency/voter-at-large system whereby all eligible voters cast ballots for all nine seats of the Legislative Council
Life expectancy at birth total population: 39.13 years


male: 40.2 years


female: 38.03 years (2005 est.)
total population: 78.2 years


male: 76.1 years


female: 80.4 years (2002 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write English


total population: 90.7%


male: 94.2%


female: 87.2% (2003 est.)
definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school


total population: 97%


male: 97%


female: 97% (1970 est.)
Location Southern Africa, between South Africa and Zambia Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, southeast of Puerto Rico
Map references Africa Central America and the Caribbean
Maritime claims none (landlocked) exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 3 NM
Merchant marine - none (2002 est.)
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches Zimbabwe Defense Forces (ZDF): Zimbabwe National Army, Air Force of Zimbabwe (AFZ), Zimbabwe Republic Police (2005) no regular indigenous military forces; Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $217 million (2004) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 4.3% (2004) -
National holiday Independence Day, 18 April (1980) Birthday of Queen ELIZABETH II, second Saturday in June (1926)
Nationality noun: Zimbabwean(s)


adjective: Zimbabwean
noun: Montserratian(s)


adjective: Montserratian
Natural hazards recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare severe hurricanes (June to November); volcanic eruptions (Soufriere Hills volcano has erupted continuously since 1996)
Natural resources coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper, iron ore, vanadium, lithium, tin, platinum group metals NEGL
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population negligible migrant(s)/1,000 population


note: there is an increasing flow of Zimbabweans into South Africa and Botswana in search of better economic opportunities (2005 est.)
74.2 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines refined products 261 km (2004) -
Political parties and leaders Movement for Democratic Change or MDC [Morgan TSVANGIRAI]; National Alliance for Good Governance or NAGG [Shakespeare MAYA]; United Parties [Abel MUZOREWA]; Zimbabwe African National Union-Ndonga or ZANU-Ndonga [Wilson KUMBULA]; Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front or ZANU-PF [Robert Gabriel MUGABE]; Zimbabwe African Peoples Union or ZAPU [Agrippa MADLELA] National Progressive Party or NPP [Reuben T. MEADE]; New People's Liberation Movement or NPLM [John A. OSBORNE]
Political pressure groups and leaders National Constitutional Assembly or NCA [Lovemore MADHUKU]; Crisis in Zimbabwe Coalition [Brian KAGORO]; Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions or ZCTU [Lovemore MATOMBO] NA
Population 12,746,990


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2005 est.)
8,437


note: an estimated 8,000 refugees left the island following the resumption of volcanic activity in July 1995; some have returned (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line 70% (2002 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 0.51% (2005 est.) 8.43% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors Binga, Kariba Plymouth (abandoned), Little Bay (anchorages and ferry landing), Carr's Bay
Radio broadcast stations AM 7, FM 20 (plus 17 repeater stations), shortwave 1 (1998) AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 7,000 (1997)
Railways total: 3,077 km


narrow gauge: 3,077 km 1.067-m gauge (313 km electrified) (2004)
0 km (2003)
Religions syncretic (part Christian, part indigenous beliefs) 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs 24%, Muslim and other 1% Anglican, Methodist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal, Seventh-Day Adventist, other Christian denominations
Sex ratio at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1 male(s)/female


total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.12 male(s)/female


total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: system was once one of the best in Africa, but now suffers from poor maintenance; more than 100,000 outstanding requests for connection despite an equally large number of installed but unused main lines


domestic: consists of microwave radio relay links, open-wire lines, radiotelephone communication stations, fixed wireless local loop installations, and a substantial mobile cellular network; Internet connection is available in Harare and planned for all major towns and for some of the smaller ones


international: country code - 263; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat; two international digital gateway exchanges (in Harare and Gweru)
general assessment: NA


domestic: NA


international: NA
Telephones - main lines in use 300,900 (2003) 4,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 379,100 (2003) 70 (1994)
Television broadcast stations 16 (1997) 1 (1997)
Terrain mostly high plateau with higher central plateau (high veld); mountains in east volcanic islands, mostly mountainous, with small coastal lowland
Total fertility rate 3.54 children born/woman (2005 est.) 1.81 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate 70% (2002 est.) 6% (1998 est.)
Waterways on Lake Kariba, length small (2003) none
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