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Compare Zimbabwe (2001) - Netherlands (2001)

Compare Zimbabwe (2001) z Netherlands (2001)

 Zimbabwe (2001)Netherlands (2001)
 ZimbabweNetherlands
Administrative divisions 8 provinces and 2 cities* with provincial status; Bulawayo*, Harare*, Manicaland, Mashonaland Central, Mashonaland East, Mashonaland West, Masvingo, Matabeleland North, Matabeleland South, Midlands 12 provinces (provincien, singular - provincie); Drenthe, Flevoland, Friesland, Gelderland, Groningen, Limburg, Noord-Brabant, Noord-Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland, Zuid-Holland
Age structure 0-14 years:
38.68% (male 2,223,332; female 2,172,479)

15-64 years:
57.69% (male 3,319,982; female 3,236,286)

65 years and over:
3.63% (male 208,785; female 204,502) (2001 est.)
0-14 years:
18.38% (male 1,501,925; female 1,436,017)

15-64 years:
67.9% (male 5,518,575; female 5,333,442)

65 years and over:
13.72% (male 899,052; female 1,292,461) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products corn, cotton, tobacco, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, peanuts; cattle, sheep, goats, pigs grains, potatoes, sugar beets, fruits, vegetables; livestock
Airports 455 (2000 est.) 28 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
18

over 3,047 m:
3

2,438 to 3,047 m:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
9 (2000 est.)
total:
19

over 3,047 m:
2

2,438 to 3,047 m:
7

1,524 to 2,437 m:
6

914 to 1,523 m:
3

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
437

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
209

under 914 m:
224 (2000 est.)
total:
9

914 to 1,523 m:
3

under 914 m:
6 (2000 est.)
Area total:
390,580 sq km

land:
386,670 sq km

water:
3,910 sq km
total:
41,526 sq km

land:
33,883 sq km

water:
7,643 sq km
Area - comparative slightly larger than Montana slightly less than twice the size of New Jersey
Background The UK annexed Southern Rhodesia from the South Africa Company in 1923. A 1961 constitution was formulated to keep whites in power. In 1965 the government unilaterally declared its independence, but the UK did not recognize the act and demanded voting rights for the black African majority in the country (then called Rhodesia). UN sanctions and a guerrilla uprising finally led to free elections in 1979 and independence (as Zimbabwe) in 1980. Robert MUGABE, the nation's first prime minister, has been the country's only ruler (as president since 1987) and has dominated the country's political system since independence. The Kingdom of the Netherlands was formed in 1815. In 1830 Belgium seceded and formed a separate kingdom. The Netherlands remained neutral in World War I but suffered a brutal invasion and occupation by Germany in World War II. A modern, industrialized nation, the Netherlands is also a large exporter of agricultural products. The country was a founding member of NATO and the EC, and participated in the introduction of the euro in 1999.
Birth rate 24.68 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 11.85 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues:
$2.5 billion

expenditures:
$2.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $279 million (FY96/97 est.)
revenues:
$134 billion

expenditures:
$134 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)
Capital Harare Amsterdam; The Hague is the seat of government
Climate tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to March) temperate; marine; cool summers and mild winters
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 451 km
Constitution 21 December 1979 adopted 1814; amended many times, last time 17 February 1983
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Zimbabwe

conventional short form:
Zimbabwe

former:
Southern Rhodesia, Rhodesia
conventional long form:
Kingdom of the Netherlands

conventional short form:
Netherlands

local long form:
Koninkrijk der Nederlanden

local short form:
Nederland
Currency Zimbabwean dollar (ZWD) Netherlands guilder (NLG); euro (EUR)

note:
on 1 January 1999, the EU introduced the euro as a common currency that is now being used by financial institutions in the Netherlands at a fixed rate of 2.20371 Netherlands guilders per euro and will replace the local currency for all transactions in 2002
Death rate 23.22 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 8.69 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $4.1 billion (2000 est.) $0
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affairs Earl M. IRVING

embassy:
172 Herbert Chitepo Avenue, Harare

mailing address:
P. O. Box 3340, Harare

telephone:
[263] (4) 250-593

FAX:
[263] (4) 796487
chief of mission:
Ambassador Cynthia P. SCHNEIDER

embassy:
Lange Voorhout 102, 2514 EJ, The Hague

mailing address:
PSC 71, Box 1000, APO AE 09715

telephone:
[31] (70) 310-9209

FAX:
[31] (70) 361-4688

consulate(s) general:
Amsterdam
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Simbi Veke MUBAKO

chancery:
1608 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009

telephone:
[1] (202) 332-7100

FAX:
[1] (202) 483-9326
chief of mission:
Ambassador Joris M. VOS

chancery:
4200 Linnean Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 244-5300

FAX:
[1] (202) 362-3430

consulate(s) general:
Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, New York

consulate(s):
Boston
Disputes - international - none
Economic aid - donor - ODA, $3.5 billion (2000 est.)
Economic aid - recipient $200 million (2000 est.) -
Economy - overview The government of Zimbabwe faces a wide variety of difficult economic problems as it struggles to consolidate earlier moves to develop a market-oriented economy. Its involvement in the war in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, for example, has already drained hundreds of millions of dollars from the economy. Badly needed support from the IMF suffers delays in part because of the country's failure to meet budgetary goals. Inflation rose from an annual rate of 32% in 1998 to 59% in 1999 and 60% in 2000. The economy is being steadily weakened by excessive government deficits and AIDS; Zimbabwe has the highest rate of infection in the world. Per capita GDP, which is twice the average of the poorer sub-Saharan nations, will increase little if any in the near-term, and Zimbabwe will suffer continued frustrations in developing its agricultural and mineral resources. The Netherlands is a prosperous and open economy depending heavily on foreign trade. The economy is noted for stable industrial relations, moderate inflation, a sizable current account surplus, and an important role as a European transportation hub. Industrial activity is predominantly in food processing, chemicals, petroleum refining, and electrical machinery. A highly mechanized agricultural sector employs no more than 4% of the labor force but provides large surpluses for the food-processing industry and for exports. The Dutch rank third worldwide in value of agricultural exports, behind the US and France. The Dutch economy has expanded by 3% or more in each of the last four years and real GDP growth is likely to be about 3.6% in 2001. The government in 2001 will implement its most comprehensive tax reform since World War II, designed to reduce high income tax levels and redirect the fiscal burden onto consumption. The Dutch were among the first 11 EU countries establishing the euro currency zone on 1 January 1999.
Electricity - consumption 6.939 billion kWh (1999) 97.76 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 3.97 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 1.564 billion kWh (1999) 22.407 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 5.78 billion kWh (1999) 85.294 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
69.98%

hydro:
30.02%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel:
90.25%

hydro:
0.11%

nuclear:
4.27%

other:
5.37% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
junction of the Runde and Save rivers 162 m

highest point:
Inyangani 2,592 m
lowest point:
Prins Alexanderpolder -7 m

highest point:
Vaalserberg 321 m
Environment - current issues deforestation; soil erosion; land degradation; air and water pollution; the black rhinoceros herd - once the largest concentration of the species in the world - has been significantly reduced by poaching water pollution in the form of heavy metals, organic compounds, and nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates; air pollution from vehicles and refining activities; acid rain
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
party to:
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:
Biodiversity, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Ethnic groups African 98% (Shona 71%, Ndebele 16%, other 11%), mixed and Asian 1%, white less than 1% Dutch 91%, Moroccans, Turks, and other 9% (1999 est.)
Exchange rates Zimbabwean dollars per US dollar - 54.9451 (January 2001), 43.2900 (2000), 38.3142 (1999), 21.4133 (1998), 11.8906 (1997), 9.9206 (1996) euros per US dollar - 1.0659 (January 2001), 1.0854 (2000), 0.9386 (1999); Netherlands guilders per US dollar - 1.9837 (1998), 1.9513 (1997), 1.6859 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state:
Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Co-Vice Presidents Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987) and Joseph MSIKA (since 23 December 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
Executive President Robert Gabriel MUGABE (since 31 December 1987); Co-Vice Presidents Simon Vengai MUZENDA (since 31 December 1987) and Joseph MSIKA (since 23 December 1999); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president; responsible to the House of Assembly

elections:
presidential candidates nominated with a nomination paper signed by at least 10 registered voters (at least one from each province) and elected by popular vote; election last held 16-17 March 1996 (next to be held NA March 2002); co-vice presidents appointed by the president

election results:
Robert Gabriel MUGABE reelected president; percent of electoral college vote - Robert Gabriel MUGABE 92.7%, Abel MUZOREWA 4.8%; Ndabaningi SITHOLE 2.4%
chief of state:
Queen BEATRIX (since 30 April 1980); Heir Apparent WILLEM-ALEXANDER (born 27 April 1967), son of the monarch

head of government:
Prime Minister Wim KOK (since 22 August 1994) and Vice Prime Ministers Annemarie JORRITSMA (since 3 August 1998) and Els BORST-EILERS (since 3 August 1998)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; following Second Chamber elections, the leader of the majority party or leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch; vice prime ministers appointed by the monarch

note:
government coalition - PvdA, VVD, and D'66; there is also a Council of State composed of the monarch, heir apparent, and councilors consulted by the executive on legislative and administrative policy
Exports $1.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $210.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000)
Exports - commodities tobacco 29%, gold 7%, ferroalloys 7%, cotton 5% (1999 est.) machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels; foodstuffs
Exports - partners South Africa 10%, UK 9%, Malawi 8%, Botswana 8%, Japan 7%, (1999 est.) EU 78% (Germany 26%, Belgium-Luxembourg 12%, France 12%, UK 11%, Italy 6%), Central and Eastern Europe, US (2000)
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June calendar year
Flag description seven equal horizontal bands of green, yellow, red, black, red, yellow, and green with a white isosceles triangle edged in black with its base on the hoist side; a yellow Zimbabwe bird is superimposed on a red five-pointed star in the center of the triangle three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue; similar to the flag of Luxembourg, which uses a lighter blue and is longer
GDP purchasing power parity - $28.2 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $388.4 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
28%

industry:
32%

services:
40% (1997 est.)
agriculture:
3.3%

industry:
26.3%

services:
70.4% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $2,500 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $24,400 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate -6.1% (2000 est.) 4% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 20 00 S, 30 00 E 52 30 N, 5 45 E
Geography - note landlocked located at mouths of three major European rivers (Rhine, Maas or Meuse, and Schelde)
Heliports - 1 (2000 est.)
Highways total:
18,338 km

paved:
8,692 km

unpaved:
9,646 km (1996 est.)
total:
125,575 km

paved:
113,018 km (including 2,235 km of expressways)

unpaved:
12,557 km (1998)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
1.8%

highest 10%:
46.9% (1990)
lowest 10%:
2.8%

highest 10%:
25.1% (1994)
Illicit drugs significant transit point for African cannabis and South Asian heroin, mandrax, and methamphetamines destined for the South African and European markets major European producer of illicit amphetamine and other synthetic drugs; important gateway for cocaine, heroin, and hashish entering Europe; major source of US-bound ecstasy
Imports $1.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $201.2 billion (c.i.f., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities machinery and transport equipment 35%, other manufactures 18%, chemicals 17%, fuels 14% (1999 est.) machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, fuels; foodstuffs, clothing
Imports - partners South Africa 46%, UK 6%, China 4%, Germany 4%, US 3% (1999 est.) EU 56% (Germany 18%, Belgium-Luxembourg 10%, UK 5%, France 6%), US 9%, Central and Eastern Europe (2000)
Independence 18 April 1980 (from UK) 1579 (from Spain)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 3.2% (2000)
Industries mining (coal, gold, copper, nickel, tin, clay, numerous metallic and nonmetallic ores), steel, wood products, cement, chemicals, fertilizer, clothing and footwear, foodstuffs, beverages agroindustries, metal and engineering products, electrical machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum, construction, microelectronics, fishing
Infant mortality rate 62.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 4.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 60% (2000 est.) 2.6% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIK, UNTAET, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, Benelux, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECLAC, EIB, EMU, ESA, ESCAP, EU, FAO, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM (guest), NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNTSO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO, ZC
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 6 (2000) 52 (2000)
Irrigated land 1,930 sq km (1993 est.) 6,000 sq km (1996 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court; High Court Supreme Court or Hoge Raad (justices are nominated for life by the monarch)
Labor force 5.5 million (2000 est.) 7.2 million (2000)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 66%, services 24%, industry 10% (1996 est.) services 73%, industry 23%, agriculture 4% (1998 est.)
Land boundaries total:
3,066 km

border countries:
Botswana 813 km, Mozambique 1,231 km, South Africa 225 km, Zambia 797 km
total:
1,027 km

border countries:
Belgium 450 km, Germany 577 km
Land use arable land:
7%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
13%

forests and woodland:
23%

other:
57% (1993 est.)
arable land:
25%

permanent crops:
3%

permanent pastures:
25%

forests and woodland:
8%

other:
39% (1996 est.)
Languages English (official), Shona, Sindebele (the language of the Ndebele, sometimes called Ndebele), numerous but minor tribal dialects Dutch
Legal system mixture of Roman-Dutch and English common law civil law system incorporating French penal theory; constitution does not permit judicial review of acts of the States General; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch unicameral parliament, called House of Assembly (150 seats - 120 elected by popular vote for six-year terms, 12 nominated by the president, 10 occupied by traditional chiefs chosen by their peers, and 8 occupied by provincial governors)

elections:
last held 24-25 June 2000 (next to be held NA 2006)

election results:
percent of vote by party - ZANU-PF 47.2%, MDC 45.6%, ZANU-Ndonga 0.7%, United Parties 0.7%; seats by party - ZANU-PF 63, MDC 56, ZANU-Ndonga 1
bicameral States General or Staten Generaal consists of the First Chamber or Eerste Kamer (75 seats; members indirectly elected by the country's 12 provincial councils for four-year terms) and the Second Chamber or Tweede Kamer (150 seats; members directly elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
First Chamber - last held 25 May 1999 (next to be held NA May 2003); Second Chamber - last held 6 May 1998 (next to be held May 2002)

election results:
First Chamber - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - CDA 20, VVD 19, PvdA 15, D'66 4, other 17; Second Chamber - percent of vote by party - PvdA 30.0%, VVD 25.3%, CDA 19.3%, D'66 9.3%, other 16.1%; seats by party - PvdA 45, VVD 38, CDA 29, D'66 14, other 24
Life expectancy at birth total population:
37.13 years

male:
38.51 years

female:
35.7 years (2001 est.)
total population:
78.43 years

male:
75.55 years

female:
81.44 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write English

total population:
85%

male:
90%

female:
80% (1995 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
99% (2000 est.)

male:
NA%

female:
NA%
Location Southern Africa, between South Africa and Zambia Western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between Belgium and Germany
Map references Africa Europe
Maritime claims none (landlocked) exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine - total:
596 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 4,321,500 GRT/4,877,632 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 3, cargo 371, chemical tanker 43, container 59, liquefied gas 21, livestock carrier 1, multi-functional large-load carrier 9, passenger 8, petroleum tanker 26, refrigerated cargo 29, roll on/roll off 18, short-sea passenger 3, specialized tanker 5 (2000 est.)
Military branches Zimbabwe National Army, Air Force of Zimbabwe, Zimbabwe Republic Police (includes Police Support Unit, Paramilitary Police) Royal Netherlands Army, Royal Netherlands Navy (includes Naval Air Service and Marine Corps), Royal Netherlands Air Force, Royal Constabulary
Military expenditures - dollar figure $127 million (FY99/00) $6.5 billion (FY00/01 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 3.1% (FY99/00) 1.5% (FY00/01 est.)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
2,996,631 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
4,083,349 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
1,860,167 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49:
3,555,501 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 20 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
96,082 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 18 April (1980) Queen's Day (Birthday of Queen-Mother JULIANA in 1909 and accession to the throne of her oldest daughter BEATRIX in 1980), 30 April
Nationality noun:
Zimbabwean(s)

adjective:
Zimbabwean
noun:
Dutchman(men), Dutchwoman(women)

adjective:
Dutch
Natural hazards recurring droughts; floods and severe storms are rare flooding
Natural resources coal, chromium ore, asbestos, gold, nickel, copper, iron ore, vanadium, lithium, tin, platinum group metals natural gas, petroleum, arable land
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)

note:
there is a small but steady flow of Zimbabweans into South Africa in search of better paid employment
2.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines petroleum products 212 km crude oil 418 km; petroleum products 965 km; natural gas 10,230 km
Political parties and leaders Movement for Democratic Change or MDC [Morgan TSVANGIRAI]; Popular Democratic Front or PDF [Austin CHAKAODZA]; United Parties [Abel MUZOREWA]; Zimbabwe African National Union-Ndonga or ZANU-Ndonga [Ndabaningi SITHOLE]; Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front or ZANU-PF [Robert MUGABE]; Zimbabwe Unity Movement or ZUM [Edgar TEKERE] Christian Democratic Appeal or CDA [Jaap de Hoop SCHEFFER]; Democrats '66 or D'66 [Tom DE GRAAF]; Labor Party or PvdA [Wim KOK]; People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (Liberal) or VVD [Hans F. DIJKSTAL]; a host of minor parties
Political pressure groups and leaders National Constitutional Assembly or NCA Federation of Netherlands Trade Union Movement (comprising Socialist and Catholic trade unions) and a Protestant trade union; Federation of Catholic and Protestant Employers Associations; Interchurch Peace Council or IKV; large multinational firms; the nondenominational Federation of Netherlands Enterprises
Population 11,365,366

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
15,981,472 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 60% (1999 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 0.15% (2001 est.) 0.55% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Binga, Kariba Amsterdam, Delfzijl, Dordrecht, Eemshaven, Groningen, Haarlem, Ijmuiden, Maastricht, Rotterdam, Terneuzen, Utrecht, Vlissingen
Radio broadcast stations AM 7, FM 20 (plus 17 repeater stations), shortwave 1 (1998) AM 4, FM 58, shortwave 3 (1998)
Radios 1.14 million (1997) 15.3 million (1996)
Railways total:
2,759 km (1995)

narrow gauge:
2,759 km 1.067-m gauge (313 km electrified; 42 km double track) (1995 est.)
total:
2,739 km

standard gauge:
2,739 km 1.435-m gauge; (1,991 km electrified) (1998)
Religions syncretic (part Christian, part indigenous beliefs) 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs 24%, Muslim and other 1% Roman Catholic 31%, Protestant 21%, Muslim 4.4%, other 3.6%, unaffiliated 40% (1998)
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
1.02 male(s)/female

total population:
1.02 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth:
1.04 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.7 male(s)/female

total population:
0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
system was once one of the best in Africa, but now suffers from poor maintenance; more than 100,000 outstanding requests for connection despite an equally large number of installed but unused main lines

domestic:
consists of microwave radio relay links, open-wire lines, radiotelephone communication stations, fixed wireless local loop installations, and a substantial mobile cellular network; Internet connection is available in Harare and planned for all major towns and for some of the smaller ones

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat; two international digital gateway exchanges (in Harare and Gweru)
general assessment:
highly developed and well maintained

domestic:
the existing system of multi-conductor cables is gradually being replaced by fiber-optic cables; the density of cellular telephone traffic is rapidly increasing and further modernization of the system is expected in the year 2001, with the introduction of the third generation of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)

international:
5 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 2 Atlantic Ocean), 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions) (1996)
Telephones - main lines in use 212,000 (in addition there are about 20,000 fixed telephones in wireless local loop connections) (1997) 9,132,400 (1999)
Telephones - mobile cellular 70,000 (1999) 4,081,891 (April 1999)
Television broadcast stations 16 (1997) 21 (plus 26 repeaters) (1995)
Terrain mostly high plateau with higher central plateau (high veld); mountains in east mostly coastal lowland and reclaimed land (polders); some hills in southeast
Total fertility rate 3.28 children born/woman (2001 est.) 1.65 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 50% (2000 est.) 2.6% (2000 est.)
Waterways the Mazoe and Zambezi rivers are used for transporting chrome ore from Harare to Mozambique 5,046 km

note:
47% of total route length is usable by craft of 1,000 metric ton capacity or larger
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