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Compare Zambia (2001) - Togo (2008)

Compare Zambia (2001) z Togo (2008)

 Zambia (2001)Togo (2008)
 ZambiaTogo
Administrative divisions 9 provinces; Central, Copperbelt, Eastern, Luapula, Lusaka, Northern, North-Western, Southern, Western 5 regions (regions, singular - region); Centrale, Kara, Maritime, Plateaux, Savanes
Age structure 0-14 years:
47.36% (male 2,324,128; female 2,303,349)

15-64 years:
50.14% (male 2,433,250; female 2,465,747)

65 years and over:
2.5% (male 105,694; female 138,031) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 42% (male 1,201,840/female 1,193,416)


15-64 years: 55.3% (male 1,535,855/female 1,617,631)


65 years and over: 2.7% (male 61,658/female 91,179) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products corn, sorghum, rice, peanuts, sunflower seed, vegetables, flowers, tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca); cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, milk, eggs, hides; coffee coffee, cocoa, cotton, yams, cassava (tapioca), corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock; fish
Airports 112 (2000 est.) 9 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways total:
13

over 3,047 m:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
3

1,524 to 2,437 m:
5

914 to 1,523 m:
3

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
99

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
65

under 914 m:
31 (2000 est.)
total: 7


914 to 1,523 m: 4


under 914 m: 3 (2007)
Area total:
752,614 sq km

land:
740,724 sq km

water:
11,890 sq km
total: 56,785 sq km


land: 54,385 sq km


water: 2,400 sq km
Area - comparative slightly larger than Texas slightly smaller than West Virginia
Background The territory of Northern Rhodesia was administered by the South Africa Company from 1891 until takeover by the UK in 1923. During the 1920s and 1930s, advances in mining spurred development and immigration. The name was changed to Zambia upon independence in 1964. In the 1980s and 1990s, declining copper prices and a prolonged drought hurt the economy. Elections in 1991 brought an end to one-party rule, but the subsequent vote in 1996 saw blatant harassment of opposition parties. French Togoland became Togo in 1960. Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA, installed as military ruler in 1967, ruled Togo with a heavy hand for almost four decades. Despite the facade of multiparty elections instituted in the early 1990s, the government was largely dominated by President EYADEMA, whose Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) party has maintained power almost continually since 1967 and maintains a majority of seats in today's legislature. Upon EYADEMA's death in February 2005, the military installed the president's son, Faure GNASSINGBE, and then engineered his formal election two months later. Democratic gains since then allowed Togo to hold its first relatively free and fair legislative elections in October 2007. After years of political unrest and fire from international organizations for human rights abuses, Togo is finally being re-welcomed into the international community.
Birth rate 41.46 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 36.83 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget revenues:
$900 million

expenditures:
$1 billion, including capital expenditures of NA million (1999 est.)
revenues: $478.1 million


expenditures: $554.1 million (2007 est.)
Capital Lusaka name: Lome


geographic coordinates: 6 08 N, 1 13 E


time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April) tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 56 km
Constitution 2 August 1991 multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1 July 1992, adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Zambia

conventional short form:
Zambia

former:
Northern Rhodesia
conventional long form: Togolese Republic


conventional short form: Togo


local long form: Republique togolaise


local short form: none


former: French Togoland
Currency Zambian kwacha (ZMK) -
Death rate 21.97 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 9.65 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external $6.5 billion (2000) $2 billion (2005)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador David B. DUNN

embassy:
corner of Independence and United Nations Avenues

mailing address:
P. O. Box 31617, Lusaka

telephone:
[260] (1) 250-955

FAX:
[260] (1) 252-225
chief of mission: Ambassador David B. DUNN


embassy: 4332 Blvd. Gnassingbe Eyadema, Cite OUA, Lome


mailing address: B. P. 852, Lome


telephone: [228] 261-5470


FAX: [228] 261-5501
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Atan SHANSONGA

chancery:
2419 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 265-9717 through 9719

FAX:
[1] (202) 332-0826
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Lorempo LANDJERGUE


chancery: 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 234-4212


FAX: [1] (202) 232-3190
Disputes - international - in 2001, Benin claimed Togo moved boundary monuments - joint commission continues to resurvey the boundary; in 2006 14,000 Togolese refugees remain in Benin and Ghana out of the 40,000 who fled there in 2005
Economic aid - recipient $1.99 billion (1995) ODA, $86.71 million (2005 est.)
Economy - overview Despite progress in privatization and budgetary reform, Zambia's economy has a long way to go. Privatization of government-owned copper mines relieved the government from covering mammoth losses generated by the industry and greatly improved the chances for copper mining to return to profitability and spur economic growth. In late 2000, Zambia was determined to be eligible for debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative. Inflation and unemployment rates remain high, but the GDP growth rate should rise in 2001. This small, sub-Saharan economy is heavily dependent on both commercial and subsistence agriculture, which provides employment for 65% of the labor force. Some basic foodstuffs must still be imported. Cocoa, coffee, and cotton generate about 40% of export earnings with cotton being the most important cash crop. Togo is the world's fourth-largest producer of phosphate. The government's decade-long effort, supported by the World Bank and the IMF, to implement economic reform measures, encourage foreign investment, and bring revenues in line with expenditures has moved slowly. Progress depends on follow through on privatization, increased openness in government financial operations, progress toward legislative elections, and continued support from foreign donors. Togo is working with donors to write a Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) that could eventually lead to a debt reduction plan. Economic growth remains marginal due to declining cotton production, underinvestment in phosphate mining, and strained relations with donors.
Electricity - consumption 5.926 billion kWh (1999) 576 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports 1.6 billion kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports 419 million kWh (1999) 486 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by Ghana (2005)
Electricity - production 7.642 billion kWh (1999) 176 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
0.55%

hydro:
99.45%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Zambezi river 329 m

highest point:
unnamed location in Mafinga Hills 2,301 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mont Agou 986 m
Environment - current issues air pollution and resulting acid rain in the mineral extraction and refining region; chemical runoff into watersheds; poaching seriously threatens rhinoceros, elephant, antelope, and large cat populations; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; lack of adequate water treatment presents human health risks deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; water pollution presents health hazards and hinders the fishing industry; air pollution increasing in urban areas
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups African 98.7%, European 1.1%, other 0.2% African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%
Exchange rates Zambian kwacha per US dollar - 4,024.53 (January 2001), 3,110.84 (2000), 2,388.02 (1999), 1,862.07 (1998), 1,314.50 (1997), 1,207.90 (1996) Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 482.71 (2007), 522.59 (2006), 527.47 (2005), 528.29 (2004), 581.2 (2003)
Executive branch chief of state:
President Frederick CHILUBA (since 2 November 1991); Vice President Enoch KAVINDELE (since 4 May 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Frederick CHILUBA (since 2 November 1991); Vice President Enoch KAVINDELE (since 4 May 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 18 November 1996 (next to be held NA October 2001); vice president appointed by the president

election results:
Frederick CHILUBA reelected president; percent of vote - Frederick CHILUBA 72.5%, Dean MUNGO'MBA 12.6%, Humphrey MULEMBA 7%, Akashambatwa LEWANIKA 4.7%, Chama CHAKOMBOKA 3.2%
chief of state: President Faure GNASSINGBE (since 4 May 2005); note - Gnassingbe EYADEMA died on 5 February 2005 and was succeeded by his son, Faure GNASSINGBE, with the support of the military following international condemnation for the unconstitutional move he then stepped aside pending elections, and Abass BONFOH served as interim president; Faure GNASSINGBE later won popular elections in April 2005


head of government: Prime Minister Komlan MALLY (since 3 December 2007)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president and the prime minister


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (no term limits); election last held 24 April 2005 (next to be held by 2010); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Faure GNASSINGBE elected president; percent of vote - Faure GNASSINGBE 60.2%, Emmanuel Akitani BOB 38.3%, Nicolas LAWSON 1%, Harry OLYMPIO 0.5%
Exports $928 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) 0 bbl/day (2004)
Exports - commodities copper, cobalt, electricity, tobacco reexports, cotton, phosphates, coffee, cocoa
Exports - partners Japan, Saudi Arabia, India, Thailand, South Africa, US, Malaysia (1997) Ghana 16.7%, Burkina Faso 14.4%, Benin 9.1%, Belgium 6.1%, Mali 5.8%, Germany 5.4%, India 4.6%, Netherlands 4.6% (2006)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description green with a panel of three vertical bands of red (hoist side), black, and orange below a soaring orange eagle, on the outer edge of the flag five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
GDP purchasing power parity - $8.5 billion (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
18%

industry:
27%

services:
55% (1999 est.)
agriculture: 40%


industry: 25%


services: 35% (2003 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $880 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 4% (2000 est.) 2.5% (2007 est.)
Geographic coordinates 15 00 S, 30 00 E 8 00 N, 1 10 E
Geography - note landlocked the country's length allows it to stretch through six distinct geographic regions; climate varies from tropical to savanna
Highways total:
66,781 km

paved:
NA km

unpaved:
NA km (1997 est.)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
1.6%

highest 10%:
39.2% (1995)
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs transshipment point for moderate amounts of methaqualone, small amounts of heroin, and cocaine bound for Southern Africa and possibly Europe; regional money-laundering center transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers; money laundering not a significant problem
Imports $1.05 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) 15,130 bbl/day (2004)
Imports - commodities machinery, transportation equipment, fuels, petroleum products, electricity, fertilizer; foodstuffs, clothing machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products
Imports - partners South Africa 48%, Saudi Arabia, UK, Zimbabwe (1997) China 29.8%, UK 10.9%, France 8.9%, Netherlands 6%, Belgium 5.8%, US 4.6%, Estonia 4.2% (2006)
Independence 24 October 1964 (from UK) 27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate 6.1% (2000 est.) 3% (2007 est.)
Industries copper mining and processing, construction, foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals, textiles, fertilizer phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts, textiles, beverages
Infant mortality rate 90.89 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 59.12 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 66.56 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 51.46 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 27.3% (2000 est.) 3% (2007 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-19, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNTAET, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ABEDA, ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AU, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 3 (2000) -
Irrigated land 460 sq km (1993 est.) 70 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (the final court of appeal; justices are appointed by the president); High Court (has unlimited jurisdiction to hear civil and criminal cases) Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Labor force 3.4 million 1.302 million (1998)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 85%, industry 6%, services 9% agriculture: 65%


industry: 5%


services: 30% (1998 est.)
Land boundaries total:
5,664 km

border countries:
Angola 1,110 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,930 km, Malawi 837 km, Mozambique 419 km, Namibia 233 km, Tanzania 338 km, Zimbabwe 797 km
total: 1,647 km


border countries: Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana 877 km
Land use arable land:
7%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
40%

forests and woodland:
39%

other:
14% (1993 est.)
arable land: 44.2%


permanent crops: 2.11%


other: 53.69% (2005)
Languages English (official), major vernaculars - Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)
Legal system based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in an ad hoc constitutional council; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction French-based court system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch unicameral National Assembly (150 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 18 November 1996 (next to be held NA December 2001)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MMD 131, NP 5, Zadeco 2, AZ 2, independents 10
unicameral National Assembly (81 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held on 14 October 2007 (next to be held in 2012)


election results: percent of vote by party - RPT 39.4%, UFC 37.0%, CAR 8.2%, independents 2.5%, other 12.9%; seats by party - RPT 50, UFC 27, CAR 4
Life expectancy at birth total population:
37.29 years

male:
37.06 years

female:
37.53 years (2001 est.)
total population: 57.86 years


male: 55.81 years


female: 59.96 years (2007 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write English

total population:
78.2%

male:
85.6%

female:
71.3% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 60.9%


male: 75.4%


female: 46.9% (2003 est.)
Location Southern Africa, east of Angola Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Benin and Ghana
Map references Africa Africa
Maritime claims none (landlocked) territorial sea: 30 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Merchant marine - total: 2 ships (1000 GRT or over) 3,918 GRT/3,852 DWT


by type: cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 1 (2007)
Military branches Army, Air Force, National Service, police Togolese Armed Forces (FAT): Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie (2005)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $76 million (FY97) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.8% (FY97) 1.6% (2005 est.)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
2,246,640 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
1,193,047 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Independence Day, 24 October (1964) Independence Day, 27 April (1960)
Nationality noun:
Zambian(s)

adjective:
Zambian
noun: Togolese (singular and plural)


adjective: Togolese
Natural hazards tropical storms (November to April) hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts
Natural resources copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds, gold, silver, uranium, hydropower phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land
Net migration rate -0.16 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 1,724 km -
Political parties and leaders Agenda for Zambia or AZ [Akashambatwa LEWANIKA]; Labor Party or LP [Chibiza MFUNI]; Liberal Progressive Front or LPF [Roger CHONGWE, president]; Movement for Democratic Process or MDP [Chama CHAKOM BOKA]; Movement for Multiparty Democracy or MMD [Frederick CHILUBA]; National Party or NP [Daniel LISULO]; Republican Party or RP [Ben MWILA]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Gwendoline Konie]; United National Independence Party or UNIP [Tilyenji KAUNDA]; United Party for National Development or UPND [Anderson MAZOKA]; Zambia Democratic Congress or Zadeco [Eden JERRY, acting head] Action Committee for Renewal or CAR [Yawovi AGBOYIBO]; Democratic Convention of African Peoples or CDPA; Democratic Party for Renewal or PDR; Juvento [Monsilia DJATO]; Movement of the Believers of Peace and Equality or MOCEP; Pan-African Patriotic Convergence or CPP; Rally for the Support for Development and Democracy or RSDD [Harry OLYMPIO]; Rally of the Togolese People or RPT [Faure GNASSINGBE]; Socialist Pact for Renewal or PSR; Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Gagou KOKOU]; Union of Forces for a Change or UFC [Gilchrist OLYMPIO]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 9,770,199

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
5,701,579


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line 86% (1993 est.) 32% (1989 est.)
Population growth rate 1.93% (2001 est.) 2.718% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors Mpulungu -
Radio broadcast stations AM 19, FM 5, shortwave 4 (1998) AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 4 (1998)
Radios 1.03 million (1997) -
Railways total:
2,164 km (1995)

narrow gauge:
2,164 km 1.067-m gauge (13 km double track)

note:
the total includes 891 km of the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA), which operates 1,860 km of 1.067-m narrow gauge track between Dar es Salaam and Kapiri Mposhi where it connects to the Zambia Railways system; TAZARA is not a part of the Zambia Railways system; Zambia Railways assets are scheduled for concessioning in 2001
total: 568 km


narrow gauge: 568 km 1.000-m gauge (2006)
Religions Christian 50%-75%, Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, indigenous beliefs 1% Christian 29%, Muslim 20%, indigenous beliefs 51%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.99 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.77 male(s)/female

total population:
0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.007 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.949 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.676 male(s)/female


total population: 0.965 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal NA years of age; universal (adult)
Telephone system general assessment:
facilities are among the best in Sub-Saharan Africa

domestic:
high-capacity microwave radio relay connects most larger towns and cities; several cellular telephone services in operation; Internet service is widely available; very small aperture terminal (VSAT) networks are operated by private firms

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)
general assessment: fair system based on a network of microwave radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines and a mobile cellular system


domestic: microwave radio relay and open-wire lines for conventional system; combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 15 telephones per 100 persons


international: country code - 228; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Symphonie
Telephones - main lines in use 77,935 (in addition there are about 40,000 fixed telephones in wireless local loop connections) (1997) 82,100 (2006)
Telephones - mobile cellular 6,000 (1998) 708,000 (2006)
Television broadcast stations 9 (1997) 3 (plus 2 repeaters) (1997)
Terrain mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes
Total fertility rate 5.53 children born/woman (2001 est.) 4.9 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate 50% (2000 est.) NA%
Waterways 2,250 km

note:
includes Lake Tanganyika and the Zambezi and Luapula rivers
50 km (seasonally on Mono River depending on rainfall) (2005)
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