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Compare Uruguay (2002) - Zambia (2001)

Compare Uruguay (2002) z Zambia (2001)

 Uruguay (2002)Zambia (2001)
 UruguayZambia
Administrative divisions 19 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Artigas, Canelones, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Durazno, Flores, Florida, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Paysandu, Rio Negro, Rivera, Rocha, Salto, San Jose, Soriano, Tacuarembo, Treinta y Tres 9 provinces; Central, Copperbelt, Eastern, Luapula, Lusaka, Northern, North-Western, Southern, Western
Age structure 0-14 years: 24.4% (male 422,826; female 402,324)


15-64 years: 62.6% (male 1,047,740; female 1,072,032)


65 years and over: 13% (male 181,522; female 260,131) (2002 est.)
0-14 years:
47.36% (male 2,324,128; female 2,303,349)

15-64 years:
50.14% (male 2,433,250; female 2,465,747)

65 years and over:
2.5% (male 105,694; female 138,031) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products rice, wheat, corn, barley; livestock; fish corn, sorghum, rice, peanuts, sunflower seed, vegetables, flowers, tobacco, cotton, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca); cattle, goats, pigs, poultry, milk, eggs, hides; coffee
Airports 64 (2001) 112 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 15


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 5


914 to 1,523 m: 7


under 914 m: 2 (2002)
total:
13

over 3,047 m:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
3

1,524 to 2,437 m:
5

914 to 1,523 m:
3

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 49


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 16


under 914 m: 31 (2002)
total:
99

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
65

under 914 m:
31 (2000 est.)
Area total: 176,220 sq km


land: 173,620 sq km


water: 2,600 sq km
total:
752,614 sq km

land:
740,724 sq km

water:
11,890 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than the state of Washington slightly larger than Texas
Background A violent Marxist urban guerrilla movement, the Tupamaros, launched in the late 1960s, led Uruguay's president to agree to military control of his administration in 1973. By the end of the year the rebels had been crushed, but the military continued to expand its hold throughout the government. Civilian rule was not restored until 1985. Uruguay's political and labor conditions are among the freest on the continent. The territory of Northern Rhodesia was administered by the South Africa Company from 1891 until takeover by the UK in 1923. During the 1920s and 1930s, advances in mining spurred development and immigration. The name was changed to Zambia upon independence in 1964. In the 1980s and 1990s, declining copper prices and a prolonged drought hurt the economy. Elections in 1991 brought an end to one-party rule, but the subsequent vote in 1996 saw blatant harassment of opposition parties.
Birth rate 17.28 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) 41.46 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $3.7 billion


expenditures: $4.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $500 million (2000) (2000)
revenues:
$900 million

expenditures:
$1 billion, including capital expenditures of NA million (1999 est.)
Capital Montevideo Lusaka
Climate warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April)
Coastline 660 km 0 km (landlocked)
Constitution 27 November 1966, effective February 1967, suspended 27 June 1973, new constitution rejected by referendum 30 November 1980; two constitutional reforms approved by plebiscite 26 November 1989 and 7 January 1997 2 August 1991
Country name conventional long form: Oriental Republic of Uruguay


conventional short form: Uruguay


local long form: Republica Oriental del Uruguay


local short form: Uruguay


former: Banda Oriental, Cisplatine Province
conventional long form:
Republic of Zambia

conventional short form:
Zambia

former:
Northern Rhodesia
Currency Uruguayan peso (UYU) Zambian kwacha (ZMK)
Death rate 9 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) 21.97 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $7.7 billion (2001 est.) $6.5 billion (2000)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Martin J. SILVERSTEIN


embassy: Lauro Muller 1776, Montevideo 11200


mailing address: APO AA 34035


telephone: [598] (2) 418-7777


FAX: [598] (2) 418-8611
chief of mission:
Ambassador David B. DUNN

embassy:
corner of Independence and United Nations Avenues

mailing address:
P. O. Box 31617, Lusaka

telephone:
[260] (1) 250-955

FAX:
[260] (1) 252-225
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Hugo FERNANDEZ-FAINGOLD


chancery: 1913 I Street NW, Washington, DC 20006


telephone: [1] (202) 331-1313 through 1316


FAX: [1] (202) 331-8142


consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami, and New York
chief of mission:
Ambassador Atan SHANSONGA

chancery:
2419 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 265-9717 through 9719

FAX:
[1] (202) 332-0826
Disputes - international uncontested dispute with Brazil over islands in the Rio Quarai (Rio Cuareim) and the Arroio Invernada (Arroyo de la Invernada) -
Economic aid - recipient $NA $1.99 billion (1995)
Economy - overview Uruguay's economy is characterized by an export-oriented agricultural sector, a well-educated workforce, and high levels of social spending. After averaging growth of 5% annually in 1996-98, in 1999-2001 the economy suffered from lower demand in Argentina and Brazil, which together account for nearly half of Uruguay's exports. Despite the severity of the trade shocks, Uruguay's financial indicators remained more stable than those of its neighbors, a reflection of its solid reputation among investors and its investment-grade sovereign bond rating - one of only two in South America. Challenges for the government of President Jorge BATLLE include reducing the budget deficit, expanding Uruguay's trade ties beyond its Mercosur trade partners, and reducing the costs of public services. GDP fell by 1.3% in 2000 and by 1.5% in 2001. Despite progress in privatization and budgetary reform, Zambia's economy has a long way to go. Privatization of government-owned copper mines relieved the government from covering mammoth losses generated by the industry and greatly improved the chances for copper mining to return to profitability and spur economic growth. In late 2000, Zambia was determined to be eligible for debt relief under the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) initiative. Inflation and unemployment rates remain high, but the GDP growth rate should rise in 2001.
Electricity - consumption 7.35 billion kWh (2000) 5.926 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 950 million kWh (2000) 1.6 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 1.3 billion kWh (2000) 419 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 7.527 billion kWh (2000) 7.642 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 7%


hydro: 93%


nuclear: 0%


other: 1% (2000)
fossil fuel:
0.55%

hydro:
99.45%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Cerro Catedral 514 m
lowest point:
Zambezi river 329 m

highest point:
unnamed location in Mafinga Hills 2,301 m
Environment - current issues water pollution from meat packing/tannery industry; inadequate solid/hazardous waste disposal air pollution and resulting acid rain in the mineral extraction and refining region; chemical runoff into watersheds; poaching seriously threatens rhinoceros, elephant, antelope, and large cat populations; deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; lack of adequate water treatment presents human health risks
Environment - international agreements party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban
party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
Ethnic groups white 88%, mestizo 8%, black 4%, Amerindian, practically nonexistent African 98.7%, European 1.1%, other 0.2%
Exchange rates Uruguayan pesos per US dollar - 14.3325 (January 2002), 13.3191 (2001), 12.0996 (2000), 11.3393 (1999), 10.4719 (1998), 9.4418 (1997) Zambian kwacha per US dollar - 4,024.53 (January 2001), 3,110.84 (2000), 2,388.02 (1999), 1,862.07 (1998), 1,314.50 (1997), 1,207.90 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: President Jorge BATLLE Ibanez (since 1 March 2000) and Vice President Luis HIERRO (since 1 March 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Jorge BATLLE Ibanez (since 1 March 2000) and Vice President Luis HIERRO (since 1 March 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president with parliamentary approval


elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 31 October 1999, with runoff election on 28 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)


election results: Jorge BATLLE Ibanez elected president; percent of vote - Jorge BATLLE Ibanez 52% in a runoff against Tabare VAZQUEZ 44%
chief of state:
President Frederick CHILUBA (since 2 November 1991); Vice President Enoch KAVINDELE (since 4 May 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Frederick CHILUBA (since 2 November 1991); Vice President Enoch KAVINDELE (since 4 May 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 18 November 1996 (next to be held NA October 2001); vice president appointed by the president

election results:
Frederick CHILUBA reelected president; percent of vote - Frederick CHILUBA 72.5%, Dean MUNGO'MBA 12.6%, Humphrey MULEMBA 7%, Akashambatwa LEWANIKA 4.7%, Chama CHAKOMBOKA 3.2%
Exports $2.24 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.) $928 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities meat, rice, leather products, wool, vehicles, dairy products copper, cobalt, electricity, tobacco
Exports - partners Mercosur partners 40%, EU 20%, US 8% (2001 est.) Japan, Saudi Arabia, India, Thailand, South Africa, US, Malaysia (1997)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description nine equal horizontal stripes of white (top and bottom) alternating with blue; there is a white square in the upper hoist-side corner with a yellow sun bearing a human face known as the Sun of May and 16 rays alternately triangular and wavy green with a panel of three vertical bands of red (hoist side), black, and orange below a soaring orange eagle, on the outer edge of the flag
GDP purchasing power parity - $31 billion (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $8.5 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 6%


industry: 29%


services: 65% (2001) (2001)
agriculture:
18%

industry:
27%

services:
55% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $9,200 (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $880 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate -1.5% (2001 est.) 4% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 33 00 S, 56 00 W 15 00 S, 30 00 E
Geography - note second-smallest South American country (after Suriname); most of the low-lying landscape (three-quarters of the country) is grassland, ideal for cattle and sheep raising landlocked
Highways total: 8,764 km


paved: 7,800 km


unpaved: 964 km (2001)
total:
66,781 km

paved:
NA km

unpaved:
NA km (1997 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 4%


highest 10%: 26% (1997)
lowest 10%:
1.6%

highest 10%:
39.2% (1995)
Illicit drugs - transshipment point for moderate amounts of methaqualone, small amounts of heroin, and cocaine bound for Southern Africa and possibly Europe; regional money-laundering center
Imports $2.9 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.) $1.05 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities machinery, chemicals, road vehicles, crude petroleum machinery, transportation equipment, fuels, petroleum products, electricity, fertilizer; foodstuffs, clothing
Imports - partners Mercosur partners 44%, EU 18%, US 9% (2001 est.) South Africa 48%, Saudi Arabia, UK, Zimbabwe (1997)
Independence 25 August 1825 (from Brazil) 24 October 1964 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate -2.4% (2001 est.) 6.1% (2000 est.)
Industries food processing, electrical machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, textiles, chemicals, beverages copper mining and processing, construction, foodstuffs, beverages, chemicals, textiles, fertilizer
Infant mortality rate 14.25 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) 90.89 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3.6% (2001) (2001) 27.3% (2000 est.)
International organization participation CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMEE, UNMOGIP, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UNTAET, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-19, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OPCW, PCA, SADC, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNTAET, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 14 (2001) 3 (2000)
Irrigated land 1,800 sq km (1998 est.) 460 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and elected for 10-year terms by the General Assembly) Supreme Court (the final court of appeal; justices are appointed by the president); High Court (has unlimited jurisdiction to hear civil and criminal cases)
Labor force 1.2 million (2001) (2001) 3.4 million
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 14%, industry 16%, services 70% agriculture 85%, industry 6%, services 9%
Land boundaries total: 1,564 km


border countries: Argentina 579 km, Brazil 985 km
total:
5,664 km

border countries:
Angola 1,110 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,930 km, Malawi 837 km, Mozambique 419 km, Namibia 233 km, Tanzania 338 km, Zimbabwe 797 km
Land use arable land: 7.21%


permanent crops: 0.27%


other: 92.52% (1998 est.)
arable land:
7%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
40%

forests and woodland:
39%

other:
14% (1993 est.)
Languages Spanish, Portunol, or Brazilero (Portuguese-Spanish mix on the Brazilian frontier) English (official), major vernaculars - Bemba, Kaonda, Lozi, Lunda, Luvale, Nyanja, Tonga, and about 70 other indigenous languages
Legal system based on Spanish civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction based on English common law and customary law; judicial review of legislative acts in an ad hoc constitutional council; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch bicameral General Assembly or Asamblea General consists of Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (30 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and Chamber of Representatives or Camara de Representantes (99 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: Chamber of Senators - last held 31 October 1999 (next to be held NA 2004); Chamber of Representatives - last held 31 October 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)


election results: Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Encuentro Progresista 12, Colorado Party 10, Blanco 7, New Sector/Space Coalition 1; Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Encuentro Progresista 40, Colorado Party 33, Blanco 22, New Sector/Space Coalition 4
unicameral National Assembly (150 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 18 November 1996 (next to be held NA December 2001)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MMD 131, NP 5, Zadeco 2, AZ 2, independents 10
Life expectancy at birth total population: 75.66 years


male: 72.32 years


female: 79.17 years (2002 est.)
total population:
37.29 years

male:
37.06 years

female:
37.53 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 97.3%


male: 96.9%


female: 97.7% (1995 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write English

total population:
78.2%

male:
85.6%

female:
71.3% (1995 est.)
Location Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Argentina and Brazil Southern Africa, east of Angola
Map references South America Africa
Maritime claims contiguous zone: 24 NM


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
none (landlocked)
Merchant marine total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 7,752 GRT/5,228 DWT


ships by type: petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Argentina 4, Greece 1 (2002 est.)
-
Military branches Army, Navy (including Naval Air Arm, Coast Guard, Marines), Air Force, Police (Coracero Guard, Grenadier Guard) Army, Air Force, National Service, police
Military expenditures - dollar figure $250 million (1999) $76 million (FY97)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.1% (2000) 1.8% (FY97)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 824,395 (2002 est.) males age 15-49:
2,246,640 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 666,880 (2002 est.) males age 15-49:
1,193,047 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 25 August (1825) Independence Day, 24 October (1964)
Nationality noun: Uruguayan(s)


adjective: Uruguayan
noun:
Zambian(s)

adjective:
Zambian
Natural hazards seasonally high winds (the pampero is a chilly and occasional violent wind which blows north from the Argentine pampas), droughts, floods; because of the absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, all locations are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes from weather fronts tropical storms (November to April)
Natural resources arable land, hydropower, minor minerals, fisheries copper, cobalt, zinc, lead, coal, emeralds, gold, silver, uranium, hydropower
Net migration rate -0.41 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) -0.16 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 1,724 km
Political parties and leaders Colorado Party [Jorge BATLLE Ibanez]; National Party or Blanco [Luis Alberto LACALLE Herrera]; New Sector/Space Coalition or Nuevo Espacio [Rafael MICHELINI]; Progressive Encounter/Broad Front Coalition or Encuentro Progresista/Frente Amplio [Tabare VAZQUEZ] Agenda for Zambia or AZ [Akashambatwa LEWANIKA]; Labor Party or LP [Chibiza MFUNI]; Liberal Progressive Front or LPF [Roger CHONGWE, president]; Movement for Democratic Process or MDP [Chama CHAKOM BOKA]; Movement for Multiparty Democracy or MMD [Frederick CHILUBA]; National Party or NP [Daniel LISULO]; Republican Party or RP [Ben MWILA]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Gwendoline Konie]; United National Independence Party or UNIP [Tilyenji KAUNDA]; United Party for National Development or UPND [Anderson MAZOKA]; Zambia Democratic Congress or Zadeco [Eden JERRY, acting head]
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 3,386,575 (July 2002 est.) 9,770,199

note:
estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 6% (1997) 86% (1993 est.)
Population growth rate 0.79% (2002 est.) 1.93% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Colonia, Fray Bentos, Juan La Caze, La Paloma, Montevideo, Nueva Palmira, Paysandu, Punta del Este, Piriapolis Mpulungu
Radio broadcast stations AM 91, FM 149, shortwave 7 (2001) AM 19, FM 5, shortwave 4 (1998)
Radios 1.97 million (1997) 1.03 million (1997)
Railways total: 2,993 km


standard gauge: 2,993 km 1.435-m gauge


note: of the total route length, 461 km have been taken out of service and 460 km are in only partial use; moreover, not all lines offer passenger service (2001)
total:
2,164 km (1995)

narrow gauge:
2,164 km 1.067-m gauge (13 km double track)

note:
the total includes 891 km of the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA), which operates 1,860 km of 1.067-m narrow gauge track between Dar es Salaam and Kapiri Mposhi where it connects to the Zambia Railways system; TAZARA is not a part of the Zambia Railways system; Zambia Railways assets are scheduled for concessioning in 2001
Religions Roman Catholic 66% (less than half of the adult population attends church regularly), Protestant 2%, Jewish 1%, nonprofessing or other 31% Christian 50%-75%, Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, indigenous beliefs 1%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.7 male(s)/female


total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
at birth:
1.03 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.01 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.99 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.77 male(s)/female

total population:
0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal and compulsory 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: fully digitalized


domestic: most modern facilities concentrated in Montevideo; new nationwide microwave radio relay network


international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2002)
general assessment:
facilities are among the best in Sub-Saharan Africa

domestic:
high-capacity microwave radio relay connects most larger towns and cities; several cellular telephone services in operation; Internet service is widely available; very small aperture terminal (VSAT) networks are operated by private firms

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 929,141 (2001) 77,935 (in addition there are about 40,000 fixed telephones in wireless local loop connections) (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 350,000 (2001) 6,000 (1998)
Television broadcast stations 20 (2001) 9 (1997)
Terrain mostly rolling plains and low hills; fertile coastal lowland mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains
Total fertility rate 2.35 children born/woman (2002 est.) 5.53 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 15.2% (2001) (2001) 50% (2000 est.)
Waterways 1,600 km (used by coastal and shallow-draft river craft) 2,250 km

note:
includes Lake Tanganyika and the Zambezi and Luapula rivers
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