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Compare Tonga (2008) - Djibouti (2002)

Compare Tonga (2008) z Djibouti (2002)

 Tonga (2008)Djibouti (2002)
 TongaDjibouti
Administrative divisions 3 island groups; Ha'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u 5 districts (cercles, singular - cercle); 'Ali Sabih, Dikhil, Djibouti, Obock, Tadjoura
Age structure 0-14 years: 34.6% (male 20,624/female 19,779)


15-64 years: 61.2% (male 35,551/female 36,052)


65 years and over: 4.2% (male 2,087/female 2,828) (2007 est.)
0-14 years: 42.6% (male 100,903; female 100,420)


15-64 years: 54.5% (male 135,409; female 122,209)


65 years and over: 2.9% (male 7,220; female 6,649) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper; fish fruits, vegetables; goats, sheep, camels
Airports 6 (2007) 12 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2007)
total: 3


over 3,047 m: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 5


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 3


under 914 m: 1 (2007)
total: 10


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 5


under 914 m: 3 (2002)
Area total: 748 sq km


land: 718 sq km


water: 30 sq km
total: 23,000 sq km


land: 22,980 sq km


water: 20 sq km
Area - comparative four times the size of Washington, DC slightly smaller than Massachusetts
Background Tonga - unique among Pacific nations - never completely lost its indigenous governance. The archipelagos of "The Friendly Islands" were united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. Tonga became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900; it withdrew from the protectorate and joined the Commonwealth of Nations in 1970. Tonga remains the only monarchy in the Pacific. The French Territory of the Afars and the Issas became Djibouti in 1977. A peace accord in 1994 ended a three-year uprising by Afars rebels.
Birth rate 23.67 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) 40.33 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues: $56.97 million


expenditures: $83.88 million (FY04/05)
revenues: $135 million


expenditures: $182 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
Capital name: Nuku'alofa


geographic coordinates: 21 08 S, 175 12 W


time difference: UTC+13 (18 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Djibouti
Climate tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December) desert; torrid, dry
Coastline 419 km 314 km
Constitution 4 November 1875; revised 1 January 1967 multiparty constitution approved by referendum 4 September 1992
Country name conventional long form: Kingdom of Tonga


conventional short form: Tonga


local long form: Pule'anga Tonga


local short form: Tonga


former: Friendly Islands
conventional long form: Republic of Djibouti


conventional short form: Djibouti


former: French Territory of the Afars and Issas, French Somaliland
Currency - Djiboutian franc (DJF)
Death rate 5.2 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) 14.43 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $80.7 million (2004) $366 million (2002 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Tonga; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tonga chief of mission: Ambassador Donald YAMAMOTO


embassy: Plateau du Serpent, Boulevard Marechal Joffre, Djibouti


mailing address: B. P. 185, Djibouti


telephone: [253] 35 39 95


FAX: [253] 35 39 40
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Fekitamoeloa 'UTOIKAMANU


chancery: 250 East 51st Street, New York, NY 10022


telephone: [1] (917) 369-1025


FAX: [1] (917) 369-1024


consulate(s) general: San Francisco
chief of mission: Ambassador ROBLE Olhaye Oudine


chancery: Suite 515, 1156 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005


telephone: [1] (202) 331-0270


FAX: [1] (202) 331-0302
Disputes - international none Djibouti maintains economic ties and border accords with "Somaliland" leadership while politically supporting the Somali Transitional National Government in Mogadishu
Economic aid - recipient $31.75 million (2005) $36 million (2001)
Economy - overview Tonga has a small, open, South Pacific island economy. It has a narrow export base in agricultural goods. Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops, and agricultural exports make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. The country remains dependent on external aid and remittances from Tongan communities overseas to offset its trade deficit. Tourism is the second-largest source of hard currency earnings following remittances. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, especially the encouragement of investment, and is committing increased funds for health and education. Tonga has a reasonably sound basic infrastructure and well-developed social services. High unemployment among the young, a continuing upturn in inflation, pressures for democratic reform, and rising civil service expenditures are major issues facing the government. The economy is based on service activities connected with the country's strategic location and status as a free trade zone in northeast Africa. Two-thirds of the inhabitants live in the capital city, the remainder being mostly nomadic herders. Scanty rainfall limits crop production to fruits and vegetables, and most food must be imported. Djibouti provides services as both a transit port for the region and an international transshipment and refueling center. It has few natural resources and little industry. The nation is, therefore, heavily dependent on foreign assistance to help support its balance of payments and to finance development projects. An unemployment rate of 50% continues to be a major problem. Inflation is not a concern, however, because of the fixed tie of the franc to the US dollar. Per capita consumption dropped an estimated 35% over the last seven years because of recession, civil war, and a high population growth rate (including immigrants and refugees). Faced with a multitude of economic difficulties, the government has fallen in arrears on long-term external debt and has been struggling to meet the stipulations of foreign aid donors. Another factor limiting growth is the negative impact on port activity now that Ethiopia has more trade route options.
Electricity - consumption 32.55 million kWh (2005) 167.4 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2005) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2005) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production 35 million kWh (2005) 180 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Kao Island 1,033 m
lowest point: Lac Assal -155 m


highest point: Moussa Ali 2,028 m
Environment - current issues deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations inadequate supplies of potable water; desertification; endangered species
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Polynesian, Europeans Somali 60%, Afar 35%, French, Arab, Ethiopian, and Italian 5%
Exchange rates pa'anga per US dollar - NA (2007), 2.0277 (2006), 1.96 (2005), 1.9716 (2004), 2.142 (2003) Djiboutian francs per US dollar - 177.721 (fixed rate since 1973)
Executive branch chief of state: King George TUPOU V (since 11 September 2006)


head of government: Prime Minister Dr. Feleti SEVELE (since 11 February 2006); Deputy Prime Minister Dr. Viliami TANGI (since 16 May 2006)


cabinet: Cabinet consists of 14 members, 10 appointed by the monarch for life; four appointed from among the elected members of the Legislative Assembly, including two each from the nobles' and peoples' representatives serving three-year terms


note: there is also a Privy Council that consists of the monarch, the cabinet, and two governors


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the monarch
chief of state: President Ismail Omar GUELLEH (since 8 May 1999)


head of government: Prime Minister DILEITA Mohamed Dileita (since 4 March 2001)


cabinet: Council of Ministers responsible to the president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 9 April 1999 (next to be held NA 2005); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Ismail Omar GUELLEH elected president; percent of vote - Ismail Omar GUELLEH 74.4%, IDRIS Moussa Ahmed 25.6%
Exports 0 bbl/day (2004) $260 million f.o.b. (1999 est.)
Exports - commodities squash, fish, vanilla beans, root crops reexports, hides and skins, coffee (in transit)
Exports - partners US 39.7%, Japan 27.8%, NZ 8.2%, South Korea 7.6% (2006) Somalia 53%, Yemen 23%, Ethiopia 5% (1998)
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June calendar year
Flag description red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner two equal horizontal bands of light blue (top) and light green with a white isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a red five-pointed star in the center
GDP - purchasing power parity - $586 million (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 23%


industry: 27%


services: 50% (FY03/04 est.)
agriculture: 3%


industry: 10%


services: 87% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $1,400 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 2.4% (2005 est.) 0% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 20 00 S, 175 00 W 11 30 N, 43 00 E
Geography - note archipelago of 169 islands (36 inhabited) strategic location near world's busiest shipping lanes and close to Arabian oilfields; terminus of rail traffic into Ethiopia; mostly wasteland; Lac Assal (Lake Assal) is the lowest point in Africa
Highways - total: 2,890 km


paved: 364 km


unpaved: 2,526 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports 842.3 bbl/day (2004) $440 million f.o.b. (1999 est.)
Imports - commodities foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals foods, beverages, transport equipment, chemicals, petroleum products
Imports - partners Fiji 30.3%, NZ 27.7%, US 8.2%, Australia 7.5%, France 5.7%, UK 4.7% (2006) France 13%, Ethiopia 12%, Italy 9%, Saudi Arabia 6%, UK 6% (1998)
Independence 4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate) 27 June 1977 (from France)
Industrial production growth rate 1% (2003 est.) 3% (1996 est.)
Industries tourism, fishing construction, agricultural processing
Infant mortality rate total: 11.99 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 13.3 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 10.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
99.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 11.1% (2005 est.) 2% (2001 est.)
International organization participation ACP, ADB, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, ITUC, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO ACCT, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW (signatory), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2000)
Irrigated land NA 10 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (Chief Justice and high court justices from overseas chosen and approved by Privy Council) Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Labor force 33,910 (2003) 282,000
Labor force - by occupation agriculture: 65%


industry and services: 35% (1997 est.)
NA%
Land boundaries 0 km total: 516 km


border countries: Eritrea 109 km, Ethiopia 349 km, Somalia 58 km
Land use arable land: 20%


permanent crops: 14.67%


other: 65.33% (2005)
arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (1998 est.)
Languages Tongan, English French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar
Legal system based on English common law based on French civil law system, traditional practices, and Islamic law
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (32 seats - 14 reserved for cabinet ministers sitting ex officio, nine for nobles selected by the country's 33 nobles, and nine elected by popular vote; members serve three-year terms)


elections: last held on 21 March 2005 (next to be held in 2008)


election results: Peoples Representatives: percent of vote - HRDMT 70%, other 30%; seats - HRDMT 7, independents 2
unicameral Chamber of Deputies or Chambre des Deputes (65 seats; members elected by popular vote for five-year terms)


elections: last held 10 January 2003 (next to be held NA January 2008)


election results: percent of vote - RPP 62.2%, FRUD 36.9%; seats - RPP 65, FRUD 0; note - RPP (the ruling party) dominated the election
Life expectancy at birth total population: 70.12 years


male: 67.6 years


female: 72.76 years (2007 est.)
total population: 51.6 years


male: 49.73 years


female: 53.52 years (2002 est.)
Literacy definition: can read and write Tongan and/or English


total population: 98.9%


male: 98.8%


female: 99% (1999 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 46.2%


male: 60.3%


female: 32.7% (1995 est.)
Location Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia
Map references Oceania Africa
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation
contiguous zone: 24 NM


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine total: 14 ships (1000 GRT or over) 58,756 GRT/67,889 DWT


by type: bulk carrier 1, cargo 9, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 1, passenger/cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 1


foreign-owned: 3 (Australia 1, Switzerland 1, UK 1) (2007)
-
Military branches Tonga Defense Services (TDS): Land Force (Royal Guard), Naval Force (includes Royal Marines, Air Wing) (2008) Djibouti National Army (including Navy and Air Force)
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $26.5 million (FY01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 0.9% (2006 est.) 4.4% (FY01)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49: 110,221 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49: 64,940 (2002 est.)
National holiday Emancipation Day, 4 June (1970) Independence Day, 27 June (1977)
Nationality noun: Tongan(s)


adjective: Tongan
noun: Djiboutian(s)


adjective: Djiboutian
Natural hazards cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods
Natural resources fish, fertile soil geothermal areas
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders People's Democratic Party [Tesina FUKO] Democratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh]; Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]; Front pour la Restauration de l'Unite Democratique or FRUD [Ali Mohamed DAOUD]; People's Progress Assembly or RPP (governing party) [Ismail Omar GUELLEH]
Political pressure groups and leaders Human Rights and Democracy Movement Tonga or HRDMT [Rev. Simote VEA, chairman]; Public Servant's Association [Finau TUTONE] Movement for Unity and Democracy or MUD
Population 116,921 (July 2007 est.) 472,810 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line 24% (FY03/04) 50% (2001 est.)
Population growth rate 1.847% (2007 est.) 2.59% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors - Djibouti
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2001) AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 0 (2001)
Radios - 52,000 (1997)
Railways - total: 100 km (Djibouti segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad)


narrow gauge: 100 km 1.000-m gauge


note: Djibouti and Ethiopia plan to revitalize the century-old railroad that links their capitals by 2003 (2001 est.)
Religions Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents) Muslim 94%, Christian 6%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.043 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.986 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.738 male(s)/female


total population: 0.993 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.11 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.09 male(s)/female


total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage 21 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal adult
Telephone system general assessment: competition between Tonga Telecommunications Corporation (TCC) and Shoreline Communications Tonga (SCT) is accelerating expansion of telecommunications; SCT recently granted authority to develop high-speed digital service for telephone, Internet, and television


domestic: combined fixed-line and mobile-cellular teledensity roughly 40 telephones per 100 persons; fully automatic switched network


international: country code - 676; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2004)
general assessment: telephone facilities in the city of Djibouti are adequate as are the microwave radio relay connections to outlying areas of the country


domestic: microwave radio relay network


international: submarine cable to Jiddah, Suez, Sicily, Marseilles, Colombo, and Singapore; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; Medarabtel regional microwave radio relay telephone network
Telephones - main lines in use 13,700 (2005) 10,000 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular 29,900 (2005) 5,000 (2002)
Television broadcast stations 3 (2004) 1 (2002)
Terrain most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains
Total fertility rate 2.75 children born/woman (2007 est.) 5.64 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate 13% (FY03/04 est.) 50% (2000 est.) (2000 est.)
Waterways - none
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