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Compare Tonga (2007) - Georgia (2001)

Compare Tonga (2007) z Georgia (2001)

 Tonga (2007)Georgia (2001)
 TongaGeorgia
Administrative divisions 3 island groups; Ha'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u 53 rayons (raionebi, singular - raioni), 9 cities* (k'alak'ebi, singular - k'alak'i), and 2 autonomous republics** (avtomnoy respubliki, singular - avtom respublika); Abashis, Abkhazia or Ap'khazet'is Avtonomiuri Respublika** (Sokhumi), Adigenis, Ajaria or Acharis Avtonomiuri Respublika** (Bat'umi), Akhalgoris, Akhalk'alak'is, Akhalts'ikhis, Akhmetis, Ambrolauris, Aspindzis, Baghdat'is, Bolnisis, Borjomis, Chiat'ura*, Ch'khorotsqus, Ch'okhatauris, Dedop'listsqaros, Dmanisis, Dushet'is, Gardabanis, Gori*, Goris, Gurjaanis, Javis, K'arelis, Kaspis, Kharagaulis, Khashuris, Khobis, Khonis, K'ut'aisi*, Lagodekhis, Lanch'khut'is, Lentekhis, Marneulis, Martvilis, Mestiis, Mts'khet'is, Ninotsmindis, Onis, Ozurget'is, P'ot'i*, Qazbegis, Qvarlis, Rust'avi*, Sach'kheris, Sagarejos, Samtrediis, Senakis, Sighnaghis, T'bilisi*, T'elavis, T'erjolis, T'et'ritsqaros, T'ianet'is, Tqibuli*, Ts'ageris, Tsalenjikhis, Tsalkis, Tsqaltubo*, Vanis, Zestap'onis, Zugdidi*, Zugdidis

note:
administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers (exceptions have the administrative center name following in parentheses)
Age structure 0-14 years: 34.6% (male 20,624/female 19,779)


15-64 years: 61.2% (male 35,551/female 36,052)


65 years and over: 4.2% (male 2,087/female 2,828) (2007 est.)
0-14 years:
19.59% (male 498,575; female 478,663)

15-64 years:
67.91% (male 1,632,338; female 1,755,910)

65 years and over:
12.5% (male 241,824; female 381,975) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper; fish citrus, grapes, tea, vegetables, potatoes; livestock
Airports 6 (2007) 31 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2007)
total:
16

over 3,047 m:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
8

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
2

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 5


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 3


under 914 m: 1 (2007)
total:
15

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
4

914 to 1,523 m:
4

under 914 m:
6 (2000 est.)
Area total: 748 sq km


land: 718 sq km


water: 30 sq km
total:
69,700 sq km

land:
69,700 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative four times the size of Washington, DC slightly smaller than South Carolina
Background Tonga - unique among Pacific nations - never completely lost its indigenous governance. The archipelagos of "The Friendly Islands" were united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. Tonga became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900; it withdrew from the protectorate and joined the Commonwealth of Nations in 1970. Tonga remains the only monarchy in the Pacific. Georgia was absorbed into the Russian Empire in the 19th century. Independent for three years (1918-1921) following the Russian revolution, it was forcibly incorporated into the USSR until the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991. Russian troops remain garrisoned at four military bases and as peacekeepers in the separatist regions of Abkhazia and South Ossetia (but are scheduled to withdraw from two of the bases by July 2001). Despite a badly degraded transportation network - brought on by ethnic conflict, criminal activities, and fuel shortages - the country continues to move toward a market economy and greater integration with Western institutions.
Birth rate 23.67 births/1,000 population (2007 est.) 11.18 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $56.97 million


expenditures: $83.88 million (FY04/05)
revenues:
$437 million

expenditures:
$626 million, including capital expenditures of $60 million (1999)
Capital name: Nuku'alofa


geographic coordinates: 21 08 S, 175 12 W


time difference: UTC+13 (18 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
T'bilisi
Climate tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December) warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast
Coastline 419 km 310 km
Constitution 4 November 1875; revised 1 January 1967 adopted 17 October 1995
Country name conventional long form: Kingdom of Tonga


conventional short form: Tonga


local long form: Pule'anga Tonga


local short form: Tonga


former: Friendly Islands
conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Georgia

local long form:
none

local short form:
Sak'art'velo

former:
Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
Currency - lari (GEL)
Death rate 5.2 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.) 14.58 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $80.7 million (2004) $1.9 billion (2000)
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Tonga; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tonga chief of mission:
Ambassador Kenneth S. YALOWITZ

embassy:
#25 Antoneli Street, T'bilisi 380026

mailing address:
use embassy street address

telephone:
[995] (32) 989-967/68

FAX:
[995] (32) 933-759
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Fekitamoeloa 'UTOIKAMANU


chancery: 250 East 51st Street, New York, NY 10022


telephone: [1] (917) 369-1025


FAX: [1] (917) 369-1024


consulate(s) general: San Francisco
chief of mission:
Ambassador Tedo JAPARIDZE

chancery:
Suite 300, 1615 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20009

telephone:
[1] (202) 387-2390

FAX:
[1] (202) 393-4537
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - recipient $31.75 million (2005) $212.7 million (1995)
Economy - overview Tonga has a small, open, South Pacific island economy. It has a narrow export base in agricultural goods. Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops, and agricultural exports make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. The country remains dependent on external aid and remittances from Tongan communities overseas to offset its trade deficit. Tourism is the second-largest source of hard currency earnings following remittances. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, especially the encouragement of investment, and is committing increased funds for health and education. Tonga has a reasonably sound basic infrastructure and well-developed social services. High unemployment among the young, a continuing upturn in inflation, pressures for democratic reform, and rising civil service expenditures are major issues facing the government. Georgia's economy has traditionally revolved around Black Sea tourism; cultivation of citrus fruits, tea, and grapes; mining of manganese and copper; and output of a small industrial sector producing wine, metals, machinery, chemicals, and textiles. The country imports the bulk of its energy needs, including natural gas and oil products. Its only sizable internal energy resource is hydropower. Despite the severe damage the economy has suffered due to civil strife, Georgia, with the help of the IMF and World Bank, has made substantial economic gains since 1995, increasing GDP growth and slashing inflation. The Georgian economy continues to experience large budget deficits due to a failure to collect tax revenues. Georgia also still suffers from energy shortages; it privatized the distribution network in 1998, and deliveries are steadily improving. The country is pinning its hopes for long-term recovery on the development of an international transportation corridor through the key Black Sea ports of P'ot'i and Bat'umi. The growing trade deficit, continuing problems with tax evasion and corruption, and political uncertainties cloud the short-term economic picture.
Electricity - consumption 32.55 million kWh (2005) 7.117 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2005) 850 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2005) 550 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 35 million kWh (2005) 7.975 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
20.38%

hydro:
79.62%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Kao Island 1,033 m
lowest point:
Black Sea 0 m

highest point:
Mt'a Mqinvartsveri (Gora Kazbek) 5,048 m
Environment - current issues deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations air pollution, particularly in Rust'avi; heavy pollution of Mtkvari River and the Black Sea; inadequate supplies of potable water; soil pollution from toxic chemicals
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to:
Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Polynesian, Europeans Georgian 70.1%, Armenian 8.1%, Russian 6.3%, Azeri 5.7%, Ossetian 3%, Abkhaz 1.8%, other 5%
Exchange rates pa'anga per US dollar - 2.0277 (2006), 1.96 (2005), 1.9716 (2004), 2.142 (2003), 2.1952 (2002) lari per US dollar - 1.9798 (December 2000), 1.9762 (2000), 2.0245 (1999), 1.3898 (1998), 1.2975 (1997), 1.2628 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: King George TUPOU V (since 11 September 2006)


head of government: Prime Minister Dr. Feleti SEVELE (since 11 February 2006); Deputy Prime Minister Dr. Viliami TANGI (since 16 May 2006)


cabinet: Cabinet consists of 14 members, 10 appointed by the monarch for life; four appointed from among the elected members of the Legislative Assembly, including two each from the nobles' and peoples' representatives serving three-year terms


note: there is also a Privy Council that consists of the monarch, the cabinet, and two governors


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the monarch
chief of state:
President Eduard Amvrosiyevich SHEVARDNADZE (previously elected chairman of the Government Council 10 March 1992; Council has since been disbanded; previously elected chairman of Parliament 11 October 1992; president since 26 November 1995); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Eduard Amvrosiyevich SHEVARDNADZE (previously elected chairman of the Government Council 10 March 1992; Council has since been disbanded; previously elected chairman of Parliament 11 October 1992; president since 26 November 1995); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Cabinet of Ministers

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 9 April 2000 (next to be held NA 2005)

election results:
Eduard SHEVARDNADZE reelected president; percent of vote - Eduard SHEVARDNADZE 80%
Exports NA bbl/day $372 million (2000 est.)
Exports - commodities squash, fish, vanilla beans, root crops citrus fruits, tea, wine, other agricultural products; diverse types of machinery and metals; chemicals; fuel reexports; textiles
Exports - partners US 39.7%, Japan 27.8%, NZ 8.2%, South Korea 7.6% (2006) Russia 19%, Turkey 16%, Azerbaijan 8%, Armenia 6% (1999)
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June calendar year
Flag description red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner maroon field with small rectangle in upper hoist side corner; rectangle divided horizontally with black on top, white below
GDP - purchasing power parity - $22.8 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 23%


industry: 27%


services: 50% (FY03/04 est.)
agriculture:
32%

industry:
23%

services:
45% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $4,600 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 2.4% (2005 est.) 1.9% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 20 00 S, 175 00 W 42 00 N, 43 30 E
Geography - note archipelago of 169 islands (36 inhabited) -
Highways - total:
33,900 km

paved:
29,500 km (these roads are said to be hard-surfaced, and include, in addition to conventionally paved roads, some that are surfaced with gravel or other coarse aggregate, making them trafficable in all weather)

unpaved:
4,400 km (these roads are made of unstabilized earth and are difficult to negotiate in wet weather) (1990)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs - limited cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for domestic consumption; used as transshipment point for opiates via Central Asia to Western Europe and Russia
Imports NA bbl/day $898 million (2000 est.)
Imports - commodities foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals fuel, grain and other foods, machinery and parts, transport equipment
Imports - partners Fiji 30.3%, NZ 27.7%, US 8.2%, Australia 7.5%, France 5.7%, UK 4.7% (2006) EU 22%, Russia 19%, Turkey 12%, US 12% (1999)
Independence 4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate) 9 April 1991 (from Soviet Union)
Industrial production growth rate 1% (2003 est.) -0.3% (1998 est.)
Industries tourism, fishing steel, aircraft, machine tools, electric locomotives, trucks, tractors, textiles, shoes, chemicals, wood products, wine
Infant mortality rate total: 11.99 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 13.3 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 10.61 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
52.37 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 11.1% (2005 est.) 4.1% (2000 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AsDB, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, ITUC, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer) BSEC, CCC, CE, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, OPCW, OSCE, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 6 (2000)
Irrigated land NA 4,000 sq km (1993 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (Chief Justice and high court justices from overseas chosen and approved by Privy Council) Supreme Court (judges elected by the Supreme Council on the president's recommendation); Constitutional Court
Labor force 33,910 (2003) 3.08 million (1997)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture: 65%


industry and services: 35% (1997 est.)
industry 20%, agriculture 40%, services 40% (1999 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total:
1,461 km

border countries:
Armenia 164 km, Azerbaijan 322 km, Russia 723 km, Turkey 252 km
Land use arable land: 20%


permanent crops: 14.67%


other: 65.33% (2005)
arable land:
9%

permanent crops:
4%

permanent pastures:
25%

forests and woodland:
34%

other:
28% (1993 est.)
Languages Tongan, English Georgian 71% (official), Russian 9%, Armenian 7%, Azeri 6%, other 7%

note:
Abkhaz is the official language in Abkhazia
Legal system based on English common law based on civil law system
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (32 seats - 14 reserved for cabinet ministers sitting ex officio, nine for nobles selected by the country's 33 nobles, and nine elected by popular vote; members serve three-year terms)


elections: last held on 21 March 2005 (next to be held in 2008)


election results: Peoples Representatives: percent of vote - HRDMT 70%, other 30%; seats - HRDMT 7, independents 2
unicameral Supreme Council (commonly referred to as Parliament) or Umaghiesi Sabcho (235 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 31 October and 14 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2003)

election results:
percent of vote by party - CUG 41.85%, AGUR 25.65%, IWSG 7.8%, all other parties received less than 7% each; seats by party - CUG 130, AGUR 58, IWSG 15, Abkhaz deputies 12, independents 17, other 3
Life expectancy at birth total population: 70.12 years


male: 67.6 years


female: 72.76 years (2007 est.)
total population:
64.57 years

male:
61.04 years

female:
68.28 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: can read and write Tongan and/or English


total population: 98.9%


male: 98.8%


female: 99% (1999 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
99%

male:
100%

female:
98% (1989 est.)
Location Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand Southwestern Asia, bordering the Black Sea, between Turkey and Russia
Map references Oceania Commonwealth of Independent States
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation
NA
Merchant marine total: 14 ships (1000 GRT or over) 58,756 GRT/67,889 DWT


by type: bulk carrier 1, cargo 9, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 1, passenger/cargo 1, refrigerated cargo 1


foreign-owned: 3 (Australia 1, Switzerland 1, UK 1) (2007)
total:
37 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 131,316 GRT/190,289 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 3, cargo 25, chemical tanker 2, container 2, petroleum tanker 4, roll on/roll off 1 (2000 est.)
Military - note - a CIS peacekeeping force consisting of Russian troops is deployed in the Abkhazia region of Georgia together with a UN military observer group; a Russian peacekeeping battalion is deployed in South Ossetia
Military branches Tonga Defense Services: Land Force (Royal Guard), Naval Force (includes Royal Marines, Air Wing) (2006) Ground Forces, Navy, Air Force and Air Defense Forces, National Guard, Security Forces (internal and border troops)
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $23 million (FY00)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 0.9% (2006 est.) 0.59% (FY00)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
1,296,199 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
1,024,574 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males:
41,561 (2001 est.)
National holiday Emancipation Day, 4 June (1970) Independence Day, 26 May (1918); note - 26 May 1918 is the date of independence from Soviet Russia, 9 April 1991 is the date of independence from the Soviet Union
Nationality noun: Tongan(s)


adjective: Tongan
noun:
Georgian(s)

adjective:
Georgian
Natural hazards cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou earthquakes
Natural resources fish, fertile soil forests, hydropower, manganese deposits, iron ore, copper, minor coal and oil deposits; coastal climate and soils allow for important tea and citrus growth
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.) -2.48 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines - crude oil 370 km; refined products 300 km; natural gas 440 km (1992)
Political parties and leaders People's Democratic Party [Tesina FUKO] Citizen's Union of Georgia or CUG [Eduard SHEVARDNADZE]; Georgian United Communist Party or UCPG [Panteleimon GIORGADZE, chairman]; Industry Will Save Georgia or IWSG [Georgi TOPADZE]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Irina SARISHVILI-CHANTURIA]; Socialist Party or SPG [Temur GAMTSEMLIDZE]; Union for "Revival" Party or AGUR [Alsan ABASHIDZE]; United Republican Party or URP [Nodar NATADZE, chairman]
Political pressure groups and leaders Human Rights and Democracy Movement Tonga or HRDMT [Rev. Simote VEA, chairman]; Public Servant's Association [Finau TUTONE] Georgian refugees from Abkhazia (Abkhaz faction in Georgian Parliament); separatist elements in the breakaway region of Abkhazia; supporters of the late ousted President Zviad GAMSAKHURDYA remain a source of opposition
Population 116,921 (July 2007 est.) 4,989,285 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 24% (FY03/04) 60% (1999 est.)
Population growth rate 1.847% (2007 est.) -0.59% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors - Bat'umi, P'ot'i, Sokhumi
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2001) AM 7, FM 12, shortwave 4 (1998)
Radios - 3.02 million (1997)
Railways - total:
1,583 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines

broad gauge:
1,583 km 1.520-m gauge (1993)
Religions Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents) Georgian Orthodox 65%, Muslim 11%, Russian Orthodox 10%, Armenian Apostolic 8%, unknown 6%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.043 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.986 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.738 male(s)/female


total population: 0.993 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.93 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.63 male(s)/female

total population:
0.91 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 21 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: competition between Tonga Telecommunications Corporation (TCC) and Shoreline Communications Tonga (SCT) is accelerating expansion of telecommunications; SCT recently granted authority to develop high-speed digital service for telephone, Internet, and television


domestic: fully automatic switched network


international: country code - 676; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2004)
general assessment:
NA

domestic:
local - T'bilisi and K'ut'aisi have cellular telephone networks; urban telephone density is about 20 per 100 people; rural telephone density is about 4 per 100 people; intercity facilities include a fiber-optic line between T'bilisi and K'ut'aisi; nationwide pager service is available

international:
Georgia and Russia are working on a fiber-optic line between P'ot'i and Sochi (Russia); present international service is available by microwave, landline, and satellite through the Moscow switch; international electronic mail and telex service are available
Telephones - main lines in use 13,700 (2005) 620,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 29,900 (2005) 30,000 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 3 (2004) 12 (plus repeaters) (1998)
Terrain most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base largely mountainous with Great Caucasus Mountains in the north and Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the south; Kolkhet'is Dablobi (Kolkhida Lowland) opens to the Black Sea in the west; Mtkvari River Basin in the east; good soils in river valley flood plains, foothills of Kolkhida Lowland
Total fertility rate 2.75 children born/woman (2007 est.) 1.45 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 13% (FY03/04 est.) 14.9% (1999 est.)
Waterways - none
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