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Compare Tonga (2006) - Senegal (2002)

Compare Tonga (2006) z Senegal (2002)

 Tonga (2006)Senegal (2002)
 TongaSenegal
Administrative divisions 3 island groups; Ha'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u 10 regions (regions, singular - region); Dakar, Diourbel, Fatick, Kaolack, Kolda, Louga, Saint-Louis, Tambacounda, Thies, Ziguinchor


note: there may be another region called Matam
Age structure 0-14 years: 35.3% (male 20,679/female 19,843)


15-64 years: 60.5% (male 34,399/female 34,964)


65 years and over: 4.2% (male 2,059/female 2,745) (2006 est.)
0-14 years: 43.5% (male 2,321,789; female 2,290,105)


15-64 years: 53.4% (male 2,710,178; female 2,943,554)


65 years and over: 3.1% (male 159,445; female 164,500) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper; fish peanuts, millet, corn, sorghum, rice, cotton, tomatoes, green vegetables; cattle, poultry, pigs; fish
Airports 6 (2006) 20 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total: 1


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2006)
total: 9


over 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 6


914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 5


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 3


under 914 m: 1 (2006)
total: 11


1,524 to 2,437 m: 6


914 to 1,523 m: 4


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Area total: 748 sq km


land: 718 sq km


water: 30 sq km
total: 196,190 sq km


land: 192,000 sq km


water: 4,190 sq km
Area - comparative four times the size of Washington, DC slightly smaller than South Dakota
Background Tonga - unique among Pacific nations - never completely lost its indigenous governance. The archipelagos of "The Friendly Islands" were united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. Tonga became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900; it withdrew from the protectorate and joined the Commonwealth of Nations in 1970. Tonga remains the only monarchy in the Pacific. Independent from France in 1960, Senegal joined with The Gambia to form the nominal confederation of Senegambia in 1982. However, the envisaged integration of the two countries was never carried out, and the union was dissolved in 1989. Despite peace talks, a southern separatist group sporadically has clashed with government forces since 1982. Senegal has a long history of participating in international peacekeeping.
Birth rate 25.37 births/1,000 population (2006 est.) 36.99 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues: $56.97 million


expenditures: $83.88 million; including capital expenditures of $1.9 million (FY99/00 est.)
revenues: $1.373 billion


expenditures: $1.373 billion, including capital expenditures of $357 million (2002 est.)
Capital name: Nuku'alofa


geographic coordinates: 21 08 S, 175 12 W


time difference: UTC+13 (18 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Dakar
Climate tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December) tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind
Coastline 419 km 531 km
Constitution 4 November 1875; revised 1 January 1967 a new constitution was adopted 7 January 2001
Country name conventional long form: Kingdom of Tonga


conventional short form: Tonga


local long form: Pule'anga Tonga


local short form: Tonga


former: Friendly Islands
conventional long form: Republic of Senegal


conventional short form: Senegal


local long form: Republique du Senegal


local short form: Senegal
Currency - Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Death rate 5.28 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.) 8.14 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $80.7 million (2004) $3.1 billion (2002 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US the US does not have an embassy in Tonga; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tonga chief of mission: Ambassador Harriet L. ELAM-THOMAS


embassy: Avenue Jean XXIII at the corner of Rue Kleber, Dakar


mailing address: B. P. 49, Dakar


telephone: [221] 823-4296


FAX: [221] 822-2991
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Fekitamoeloa 'UTOIKAMANU


chancery: 250 East 51st Street, New York, NY 10022


telephone: [1] (917) 369-1025


FAX: [1] (917) 369-1024


consulate(s) general: San Francisco
chief of mission: Ambassador Amadou L. BA


chancery: 2112 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 234-0540


FAX: [1] (202) 332-6315


consulate(s) general: New York
Disputes - international none Senegalese separatists disrupt legal border trade with smuggling, cattle rustling, and other illegal activities in Guinea-Bissau
Economic aid - recipient $19.3 million Australia $5.5 million, New Zealand $2.3 million (FY01/02) $362.6 million (2002 est.)
Economy - overview Tonga, a small, open, South Pacific island economy, has a narrow export base in agricultural goods. Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops, and agricultural exports make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. The country remains dependent on external aid and remittances from Tongan communities overseas to offset its trade deficit. Tourism is the second-largest source of hard currency earnings following remittances. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, especially the encouragement of investment, and is committing increased funds for health and education. Tonga has a reasonably sound basic infrastructure and well-developed social services. High unemployment among the young, a continuing upturn in inflation, pressures for democratic reform, and rising civil service expenditures are major issues facing the government. In January 1994, Senegal undertook a bold and ambitious economic reform program with the support of the international donor community. This reform began with a 50% devaluation of Senegal's currency, the CFA franc, which is linked at a fixed rate to the French franc. Government price controls and subsidies have been steadily dismantled. After seeing its economy contract by 2.1% in 1993, Senegal made an important turnaround, thanks to the reform program, with real growth in GDP averaging 5% annually during 1995-2001. Annual inflation had been pushed down to less than 1%, but rose to an estimated 3.3% in 2001. Investment rose steadily from 13.8% of GDP in 1993 to 16.5% in 1997. As a member of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), Senegal is working toward greater regional integration with a unified external tariff. Senegal also realized full Internet connectivity in 1996, creating a miniboom in information technology-based services. Private activity now accounts for 82% of GDP. On the negative side, Senegal faces deep-seated urban problems of chronic unemployment, trade union militancy, juvenile delinquency, and drug addiction.
Electricity - consumption 31.62 million kWh (2003) 1.228 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2003) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2003) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production 34 million kWh (2003) 1.32 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location on Kao Island 1,033 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed feature near Nepen Diakha 581 m
Environment - current issues deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations wildlife populations threatened by poaching; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; overfishing
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: Marine Dumping
Ethnic groups Polynesian, Europeans Wolof 43.3%, Pular 23.8%, Serer 14.7%, Jola 3.7%, Mandinka 3%, Soninke 1.1%, European and Lebanese 1%, other 9.4%
Exchange rates pa'anga per US dollar - 1.96 (2005), 1.9716 (2004), 2.142 (2003), 2.1952 (2002), 2.1236 (2001) Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 742.79 (January 2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997); note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro
Executive branch chief of state: King George TUPOU V (since 11 September 2006)


head of government: Prime Minister Dr. Feleti SEVELE (since 11 February 2006); Deputy Prime Minister Dr. Viliami TANGI (since 16 May 2006)


cabinet: Cabinet currently consists of 14 members, 10 appointed by the monarch for life; 4 appointed from among the elected members of the Legislative Assembly, including 2 each from the nobles and peoples representatives serving three year terms


note: there is also a Privy Council that consists of the monarch, the cabinet, and two governors


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed by the monarch
chief of state: President Abdoulaye WADE (since 1 April 2000)


head of government: Prime Minister Idrissa SECK (since 4 November 2002)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term under new constitution; election last held 27 February and 19 March 2000 (next to be held 27 February 2005); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Abdoulaye WADE elected president; percent of vote in the second round of voting - Abdoulaye WADE (PDS) 58.49%, Abdou DIOUF (PS) 41.51%
Exports NA bbl/day $1 billion f.o.b. (2001)
Exports - commodities squash, fish, vanilla beans, root crops fish, groundnuts (peanuts), petroleum products, phosphates, cotton
Exports - partners Japan 41.5%, US 33.1%, NZ 6.3% (2005) France 19%, Italy 12%, Spain 6%, Cote d'Ivoire 2% (2000)
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June calendar year
Flag description red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red with a small green five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
GDP - purchasing power parity - $16.2 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 23%


industry: 27%


services: 50% (FY03/04 est.)
agriculture: 19%


industry: 21%


services: 61% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $1,580 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 2.4% (2005 est.) 5.7% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 20 00 S, 175 00 W 14 00 N, 14 00 W
Geography - note archipelago of 169 islands (36 inhabited) westernmost country on the African continent; The Gambia is almost an enclave of Senegal
Highways - total: 14,576 km


paved: 4,271 km


unpaved: 10,305 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: 1%


highest 10%: 43% (1991)
Illicit drugs - transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin moving to Europe and North America; illicit cultivator of cannabis
Imports NA bbl/day $1.3 billion f.o.b. (2001)
Imports - commodities foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals foods and beverages, consumer goods, capital goods, petroleum products
Imports - partners NZ 33.4%, Fiji 26.7%, Australia 10.5%, US 8.4% (2005) France 27%, Nigeria 19%, Germany 4%, US 4%, Italy 3% (2000)
Independence 4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate) 4 April 1960 (from France); complete independence was achieved upon dissolution of federation with Mali on 20 August 1960
Industrial production growth rate 1% (2003 est.) 5.2% (2000 est.)
Industries tourism, fishing agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining, fertilizer production, petroleum refining, construction materials
Infant mortality rate total: 12.3 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 13.63 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 10.91 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
55.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 11.1% (2005 est.) 3.3% (2001 est.)
International organization participation ACP, AsDB, C, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, OPCW, PIF, Sparteca, SPC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer) ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MIPONUH, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOVIC, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2002)
Irrigated land NA 710 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (Chief Justice and high court justices from overseas chosen and approved by Privy Council) Constitutional Court; Council of State; Court of Final Appeals or Cour de Cassation; Court of Appeals; note-the judicial system was reformed in 1992
Labor force 33,910 (2003) NA
Labor force - by occupation agriculture: 65%


industry and services: 35% (1997 est.)
agriculture 70%
Land boundaries 0 km total: 2,640 km


border countries: The Gambia 740 km, Guinea 330 km, Guinea-Bissau 338 km, Mali 419 km, Mauritania 813 km
Land use arable land: 20%


permanent crops: 14.67%


other: 65.33% (2005)
arable land: 11.58%


permanent crops: 0.19%


other: 88.23% (1998 est.)
Languages Tongan, English French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka
Legal system based on English law based on French civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court; the Council of State audits the government's accounting office; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (32 seats - 14 reserved for cabinet ministers sitting ex officio, 9 for nobles selected by the country's 33 nobles, and 9 elected by popular vote; members serve three-year terms)


elections: last held 21 March 2005 (next to be held in 2008)


election results: Peoples Representatives: percent of vote - HRDMT 70%; seats - HRDMT 7, independents 2
unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (120 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve five-year terms)


note: the former National Assembly, dissolved in the spring of 2001, had 140 seats


elections: last held 29 April 2001 (next to be held NA 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - SOPI Coalition 89, AFP 11, PS 10, other 10
Life expectancy at birth total population: 69.82 years


male: 67.32 years


female: 72.45 years (2006 est.)
total population: 62.93 years


male: 61.29 years


female: 64.61 years (2002 est.)
Literacy definition: can read and write Tongan and/or English


total population: 98.9%


male: 98.8%


female: 99% (1999 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 39.1%


male: 51.1%


female: 28.9% (2001 est.)
Location Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania
Map references Oceania Africa
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
contiguous zone: 24 NM


continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine total: 16 ships (1000 GRT or over) 62,185 GRT/72,960 DWT


by type: bulk carrier 1, cargo 10, liquefied gas 1, livestock carrier 1, passenger/cargo 1, petroleum tanker 1, refrigerated cargo 1


foreign-owned: 4 (Australia 1, Norway 1, Switzerland 1, UK 1) (2006)
-
Military branches Tonga Defense Services: Land Force (Royal Guard), Naval Force (includes Royal Marines, Air Wing) (2006) Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, National Police (Surete Nationale)
Military expenditures - dollar figure NA $68.6 million (FY02)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP NA 1.4% (FY02)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49: 2,406,337 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49: 1,257,423 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males: 114,189 (2002 est.)
National holiday Emancipation Day, 4 June (1970) Independence Day, 4 April (1960)
Nationality noun: Tongan(s)


adjective: Tongan
noun: Senegalese (singular and plural)


adjective: Senegalese
Natural hazards cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts
Natural resources fish, fertile soil fish, phosphates, iron ore
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.) 0.21 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders People's Democratic Party [Tesina FUKO] African Party for Democracy and Socialism or And Jef (also known as PADS/AJ) [Landing SAVANE, secretary general]; African Party of Independence [Majhemout DIOP]; Alliance of Forces of Progress or AFP [Moustapha NIASSE]; Democratic and Patriotic Convention or CDP (also known as Garab-Gi) [Dr. Iba Der THIAM]; Democratic League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT [Dr. Abdoulaye BATHILY]; Front for Socialism and Democracy or FSD [Cheikh Abdoulaye DIEYE]; Gainde Centrist Bloc or BGC [Jean-Paul DIAS]; Independence and Labor Party or PIT [Amath DANSOKHO]; National Democratic Rally or RND [Madier DIOUF]; Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS [Abdoulaye WADE]; Socialist Party or PS [Ousmane Tanor DIENG]; SOPI Coalition (a coalition led by the PDS) [Abdoulaye WADE]; Union for Democratic Renewal or URD [Djibo Leyti KA]; other small parties
Political pressure groups and leaders Human Rights and Democracy Movement Tonga or HRDMT [Rev. Simote VEA, chairman]; Public Servant's Association [Finau TUTONE] labor; Muslim brotherhoods; students; teachers
Population 114,689 (July 2006 est.) 10,589,571 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line 24% NA% 54% (2001 est.)
Population growth rate 2.01% (2006 est.) 2.91% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors - Dakar, Kaolack, Matam, Podor, Richard Toll, Saint-Louis, Ziguinchor
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 4, shortwave 1 (2004) AM 8, FM 20, shortwave 1 (2001)
Radios - 1.24 million (1997)
Railways - total: 906 km


narrow gauge: 906 km 1.000-meter gauge (70 km double-tracked) (2001)
Religions Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents) Muslim 94%, indigenous beliefs 1%, Christian 5% (mostly Roman Catholic)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female


total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.97 male(s)/female


total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage 21 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: competition between Tonga Telecommunications Corporation (TCC) and Shoreline Communications Tonga (SCT) is accelerating expansion of telecommunications; SCT recently granted authority to develop high-speed digital service for telephone, Internet, and television


domestic: fully automatic switched network


international: country code - 676; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2004)
general assessment: good system


domestic: above-average urban system; microwave radio relay, coaxial cable and fiber-optic cable in trunk system


international: 4 submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 11,200 (2002) 234,916 (2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular 16,400 (2004) 373,965 (2001)
Television broadcast stations 3 (2004) 1 (1997)
Terrain most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in southeast
Total fertility rate 3 children born/woman (2006 est.) 5.03 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate 13% (FY03/04 est.) 48% (urban youth 40%) (2001 est.)
Waterways - 897 km


note: 785 km on the Senegal river, and 112 km on the Saloum river
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