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Compare Tokelau (2004) - Tonga (2003)
Compare Tokelau (2004) z Tonga (2003)
| Tokelau (2004) | Tonga (2003) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | none (territory of New Zealand) | 3 island groups; Ha'apai, Tongatapu, Vava'u |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 42%
15-64 years: 53% 65 years and over: 5% (2004 est.) |
0-14 years: 38.2% (male 21,085; female 20,265)
15-64 years: 57.6% (male 30,785; female 31,532) 65 years and over: 4.1% (male 1,973; female 2,501) (2003 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | coconuts, copra, breadfruit, papayas, bananas; pigs, poultry, goats | squash, coconuts, copra, bananas, vanilla beans, cocoa, coffee, ginger, black pepper; fish |
| Airports | none; lagoon landings are possible by amphibious aircraft (2003 est.) | 6 (2002) |
| Airports - with paved runways | - | total: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | - | total: 5
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2002) |
| Area | total: 10 sq km
land: 10 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total: 748 sq km
land: 718 sq km water: 30 sq km |
| Area - comparative | about 17 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC | four times the size of Washington, DC |
| Background | Originally settled by Polynesian emigrants from surrounding island groups, the Tokelau Islands were made a British protectorate in 1889. They were transferred to New Zealand administration in 1925. | The archipelago of "The Friendly Islands" was united into a Polynesian kingdom in 1845. It became a constitutional monarchy in 1875 and a British protectorate in 1900. Tonga acquired its independence in 1970 and became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. It remains the only monarchy in the Pacific. |
| Birth rate | NA births/1,000 population | 24.51 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Budget | revenues: $430,800
expenditures: $2.8 million, including capital expenditures of $37,300 (1987 est.) |
revenues: $39.9 million
expenditures: $52.4 million, including capital expenditures of $1.9 million (FY 99/00 est.) |
| Capital | none; each atoll has its own administrative center | Nuku'alofa |
| Climate | tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November) | tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December) |
| Coastline | 101 km | 419 km |
| Constitution | administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948, as amended in 1970 | 4 November 1875, revised 1 January 1967 |
| Country name | conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Tokelau |
conventional long form: Kingdom of Tonga
conventional short form: Tonga former: Friendly Islands |
| Currency | New Zealand dollar (NZD) | pa'anga (TOP) |
| Death rate | NA deaths/1,000 population | 5.54 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Debt - external | $0 | $57.5 million (June 2001) |
| Dependency status | self-administering territory of New Zealand; note - Tokelauans are drafting a constitution and developing institutions and patterns of self-government as Tokelau moves toward free association with New Zealand | - |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | none (territory of New Zealand) | the US does not have an embassy in Tonga; the ambassador to Fiji is accredited to Tonga |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (territory of New Zealand) | chief of mission: Ambassador Sonatane T. T. TUPOU
chancery: 250 East 51st Street, New York, NY 10022 telephone: [1] (917) 369-1136 FAX: [1] (917) 369-1024 consulate(s) general: San Francisco |
| Disputes - international | none | none |
| Economic aid - recipient | from New Zealand about $4 million annually | Australia $5.5 million, New Zealand $2.3 million (FY01/02) |
| Economy - overview | Tokelau's small size (three villages), isolation, and lack of resources greatly restrain economic development and confine agriculture to the subsistence level. The people rely heavily on aid from New Zealand - about $4 million annually - to maintain public services, with annual aid being substantially greater than GDP. The principal sources of revenue come from sales of copra, postage stamps, souvenir coins, and handicrafts. Money is also remitted to families from relatives in New Zealand. | Tonga has a small, open economy with a narrow export base in agricultural goods. Squash, coconuts, bananas, and vanilla beans are the main crops, and agricultural exports make up two-thirds of total exports. The country must import a high proportion of its food, mainly from New Zealand. Tourism is the second-largest source of hard currency earnings following remittances. The country remains dependent on external aid and remittances from Tongan communities overseas to offset its trade deficit. The government is emphasizing the development of the private sector, especially the encouragement of investment, and is committing increased funds for health and education. Tonga has a reasonably sound basic infrastructure and well-developed social services. |
| Electricity - consumption | NA kWh | 25.36 million kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - exports | - | 0 kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - imports | - | 0 kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - production | NA kWh | 27.27 million kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - production by source | - | fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location 5 m |
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location on Kao Island 1,033 m |
| Environment - current issues | very limited natural resources and overcrowding are contributing to emigration to New Zealand | deforestation results as more and more land is being cleared for agriculture and settlement; some damage to coral reefs from starfish and indiscriminate coral and shell collectors; overhunting threatens native sea turtle populations |
| Environment - international agreements | - | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Ethnic groups | Polynesian | Polynesian, Europeans about 300 |
| Exchange rates | New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.7229 (2003), 2.154 (2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999) | pa'anga per US dollar NA (2002), 2.12 (2001), 1.76 (2000), 1.6 (1999), 1.49 (1998) |
| Executive branch | chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by Administrator Neil WALTER (since NA 2002)
head of government: Aliki Faipule Kuresa NASAU (since 2004) note - position rotates annually among members of the cabinet cabinet: the Council of Faipule, consisting of three elected leaders - one from each atoll - functions as a cabinet elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade in New Zealand; the head of government is chosen from the Council of Faipule and serves a one-year term |
chief of state: King Taufa'ahau TUPOU IV (since 16 December 1965)
head of government: Prime Minister Prince Lavaka ata ULUKALALA (since NA February 2000) and Deputy Prime Minister Tevita TOPOU (since NA January 2001) cabinet: Cabinet, appointed by the monarch, consists of 12 members note: there is also a Privy Council that consists of the monarch, the Cabinet, and two governors elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister and deputy prime minister appointed for life by the monarch |
| Exports | $98,000 f.o.b. (1983) | NA (2001) |
| Exports - commodities | stamps, copra, handicrafts | squash, fish, vanilla beans, root crops |
| Exports - partners | New Zealand (2000) | Japan 43.2%, US 41.2%, Greece 4% (2002) |
| Fiscal year | 1 April - 31 March | 1 July - 30 June |
| Flag description | the flag of New Zealand is used | red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $1.5 million (1993 est.) | purchasing power parity - $236 million (2001 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: NA
industry: NA services: NA |
agriculture: 26%
industry: 12% services: 62% (2001 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $1,000 (1993 est.) | purchasing power parity - $2,200 (2001 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | NA | 3% (2001 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 9 00 S, 172 00 W | 20 00 S, 175 00 W |
| Geography - note | consists of three atolls, each with a lagoon surrounded by a number of reef-bound islets of varying length and rising to over three meters above sea level | archipelago of 169 islands (36 inhabited) |
| Highways | total: NA km
paved: NA km unpaved: NA km |
total: 680 km
paved: 184 km unpaved: 496 km (1999 est.) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | $323,000 c.i.f. (1983) | NA (2001) |
| Imports - commodities | foodstuffs, building materials, fuel | foodstuffs, machinery and transport equipment, fuels, chemicals |
| Imports - partners | New Zealand (2000) | New Zealand 30.8%, Fiji 20.7%, US 14.2%, Australia 13.2%, China 6.1% (2002) |
| Independence | none (territory of New Zealand) | 4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA | 8.6% (FY 98/99) |
| Industries | small-scale enterprises for copra production, woodworking, plaited craft goods; stamps, coins; fishing | tourism, fishing |
| Infant mortality rate | total: NA
male: NA female: NA |
total: 13.35 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 14.75 deaths/1,000 live births female: 11.89 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | NA | 8.4% (2001 est.) |
| International organization participation | UNESCO (associate), UPU | ACP, AsDB, C, ESCAP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer) |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | - | 2 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court in New Zealand exercises civil and criminal jurisdiction in Tokelau | Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch); Court of Appeal (consists of the Privy Council with the addition of the chief justice of the Supreme Court) |
| Labor force | NA | 33,908 (1996) |
| Labor force - by occupation | - | agriculture 65% (1997 est.) |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | 0 km |
| Land use | arable land: 0% (soil is thin and infertile)
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001) |
arable land: 23.61%
permanent crops: 43.06% other: 33.33% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English | Tongan, English |
| Legal system | New Zealand and local statutes | based on English law |
| Legislative branch | unicameral General Fono (48 seats; 15 members from each of the three islands elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms and the 3 island village mayors [pulenuku]); note - the Tokelau Amendment Act of 1996 confers limited legislative power on the General Fono | unicameral Legislative Assembly or Fale Alea (30 seats - 12 reserved for cabinet ministers sitting ex officio, nine for nobles selected by the country's 33 nobles, and nine elected by popular vote; members serve three-year terms)
elections: last held 7 March 2002 (next to be held NA 2005) election results: percent of vote - pro-democratic 70%; seats - pro-democratic 7, traditionalist 2 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: NA years
male: 68 years female: 70 years (2004 est.) |
total population: 68.88 years
male: 66.43 years female: 71.44 years (2003 est.) |
| Literacy | NA | definition: can read and write Tongan and/or English
total population: 98.5% male: 98.4% female: 98.7% (1996 est.) |
| Location | Oceania, group of three atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand | Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand |
| Map references | Oceania | Oceania |
| Maritime claims | territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm |
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM |
| Merchant marine | none | total: 78 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 250,020 GRT/350,055 DWT
ships by type: bulk 6, cargo 44, chemical tanker 4, container 1, liquefied gas 5, livestock carrier 2, petroleum tanker 9, refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 4, specialized tanker 1, vehicle carrier 1 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Albania 1, Australia 4, Austria 1, Bolivia 1, Cyprus 1, Djibouti 1, Egypt 2, Greece 4, Lebanon 2, Liberia 2, Marshall Islands 2, Morocco 1, Norway 1, Panama 1, Romania 3, Russia 1, Sao Tome and Principe 1, Saudi Arabia 2, Singapore 1, Sweden 1, Switzerland 3, Syria 5, Ukraine 1, UAE 16, US 4 (2002 est.) |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of New Zealand | - |
| Military branches | - | Tonga Defense Services (made up of three operational command components and two support elements, including the Royal Marines, Royal Guards, Maritime Force, a support/logistics group, and a training group), Police; note - a new air wing that will be subordinate to the Ministry of Defense is being developed |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | - | $NA |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | - | NA% |
| National holiday | Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840) | Independence Day, 4 June (1970) |
| Nationality | noun: Tokelauan(s)
adjective: Tokelauan |
noun: Tongan(s)
adjective: Tongan |
| Natural hazards | lies in Pacific typhoon belt | cyclones (October to April); earthquakes and volcanic activity on Fonuafo'ou |
| Natural resources | NEGL | fish, fertile soil |
| Net migration rate | NA migrant(s)/1,000 population | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | none | there are no political parties |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | none | Tonga Human Rights and Democracy Movement or THRDM [Akilisi POHIVA, president] |
| Population | 1,405 (July 2004 est.) | 108,141 (July 2003 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA | NA% |
| Population growth rate | -0.01% (2004 est.) | 1.9% (2003 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | none; offshore anchorage only | Neiafu, Nuku'alofa, Pangai |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA
note: each atoll has a radio broadcast station of unknown type that broadcasts shipping and weather reports (1998) |
AM 1, FM 2, shortwave 1 (2001) |
| Railways | - | 0 km |
| Religions | Congregational Christian Church 70%, Roman Catholic 28%, other 2%
note: on Atafu, all Congregational Christian Church of Samoa; on Nukunonu, all Roman Catholic; on Fakaofo, both denominations, with the Congregational Christian Church predominant |
Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents) |
| Sex ratio | NA | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.98 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.79 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2003 est.) |
| Suffrage | 21 years of age; universal | 21 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment: adequate
domestic: radiotelephone service between islands international: country code - 690; radiotelephone service to Samoa; government-regulated telephone service (TeleTok), with 3 satellite earth stations, established in 1997 |
general assessment: NA
domestic: NA international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (1996) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 300 (2002) | 8,000 (1996) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 0 (2001) | 302 (1996) |
| Television broadcast stations | - | 2 (2001) |
| Terrain | low-lying coral atolls enclosing large lagoons | most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base |
| Total fertility rate | NA children born/woman | 3 children born/woman (2003 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | NA | 13.3% (1996 est.) |
| Waterways | - | none |
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