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Compare Tokelau (2004) - Chad (2001)
Compare Tokelau (2004) z Chad (2001)
| Tokelau (2004) | Chad (2001) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | none (territory of New Zealand) | 14 prefectures (prefectures, singular - prefecture); Batha, Biltine, Borkou-Ennedi-Tibesti, Chari-Baguirmi, Guera, Kanem, Lac, Logone Occidental, Logone Oriental, Mayo-Kebbi, Moyen-Chari, Ouaddai, Salamat, Tandjile |
| Age structure | 0-14 years: 42%
15-64 years: 53% 65 years and over: 5% (2004 est.) |
0-14 years:
47.73% (male 2,091,724; female 2,064,514) 15-64 years: 49.46% (male 2,035,099; female 2,271,389) 65 years and over: 2.81% (male 101,579; female 142,773) (2001 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | coconuts, copra, breadfruit, papayas, bananas; pigs, poultry, goats | cotton, sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca); cattle, sheep, goats, camels |
| Airports | none; lagoon landings are possible by amphibious aircraft (2003 est.) | 50 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with paved runways | - | total:
7 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | - | total:
43 1,524 to 2,437 m: 12 914 to 1,523 m: 20 under 914 m: 11 (2000 est.) |
| Area | total: 10 sq km
land: 10 sq km water: 0 sq km |
total:
1.284 million sq km land: 1,259,200 sq km water: 24,800 sq km |
| Area - comparative | about 17 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC | slightly more than three times the size of California |
| Background | Originally settled by Polynesian emigrants from surrounding island groups, the Tokelau Islands were made a British protectorate in 1889. They were transferred to New Zealand administration in 1925. | Chad, part of France's African holdings until 1960, endured three decades of ethnic warfare as well as invasions by Libya before a semblance of peace was finally restored in 1990. The government eventually suppressed or came to terms with most political-military groups, settled a territorial dispute with Libya on terms favorable to Chad, drafted a democratic constitution, and held multiparty presidential and National Assembly elections in 1996 and 1997 respectively. In 1998 a new rebellion broke out in northern Chad, which continued to escalate throughout 2000. Despite movement toward democratic reform, power remains in the hands of a northern ethnic oligarchy. |
| Birth rate | NA births/1,000 population | 48.28 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Budget | revenues: $430,800
expenditures: $2.8 million, including capital expenditures of $37,300 (1987 est.) |
revenues:
$198 million expenditures: $218 million, including capital expenditures of $146 million (1998 est.) |
| Capital | none; each atoll has its own administrative center | N'Djamena |
| Climate | tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November) | tropical in south, desert in north |
| Coastline | 101 km | 0 km (landlocked) |
| Constitution | administered under the Tokelau Islands Act of 1948, as amended in 1970 | passed by referendum 31 March 1995 |
| Country name | conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Tokelau |
conventional long form:
Republic of Chad conventional short form: Chad local long form: Republique du Tchad local short form: Tchad |
| Currency | New Zealand dollar (NZD) | Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XAF); note - responsible authority is the Bank of the Central African States |
| Death rate | NA deaths/1,000 population | 15.4 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Debt - external | $0 | $1 billion (1999 est.) |
| Dependency status | self-administering territory of New Zealand; note - Tokelauans are drafting a constitution and developing institutions and patterns of self-government as Tokelau moves toward free association with New Zealand | - |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | none (territory of New Zealand) | chief of mission:
Ambassador Christopher E. GOLDTHWAIT embassy: Avenue Felix Eboue, N'Djamena mailing address: B. P. 413, N'Djamena telephone: [235] (51) 70-09, (51) 90-52, (51) 92-33 FAX: [235] (51) 56-54 |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | none (territory of New Zealand) | chief of mission:
Ambassador Hassaballah Abdelhadi Ahmat SOUBIANE chancery: 2002 R Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 462-4009 FAX: [1] (202) 265-1937 |
| Disputes - international | none | delimitation of international boundaries in the vicinity of Lake Chad, the lack of which led to border incidents in the past, has been completed and awaits ratification by Cameroon, Chad, Niger, and Nigeria |
| Economic aid - recipient | from New Zealand about $4 million annually | $238.3 million (1995); note - $125 million committed by Taiwan (August 1997); $30 million committed by African Development Bank |
| Economy - overview | Tokelau's small size (three villages), isolation, and lack of resources greatly restrain economic development and confine agriculture to the subsistence level. The people rely heavily on aid from New Zealand - about $4 million annually - to maintain public services, with annual aid being substantially greater than GDP. The principal sources of revenue come from sales of copra, postage stamps, souvenir coins, and handicrafts. Money is also remitted to families from relatives in New Zealand. | Landlocked Chad's economic development suffers from its geographic remoteness, drought, lack of infrastructure, and political turmoil. About 85% of the population depends on agriculture, including the herding of livestock. Of Africa's Francophone countries, Chad benefited least from the 50% devaluation of their currencies in January 1994. Financial aid from the World Bank, the African Development Fund, and other sources is directed largely at the improvement of agriculture, especially livestock production. The World Bank's decision to back the Doba oil field development and the Chad-Cameroon pipeline will add Chad to the group of already booming West African oil exporters. However, the rank and file may not benefit much from the oil development projects. |
| Electricity - consumption | NA kWh | 83.7 million kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - exports | - | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - imports | - | 0 kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production | NA kWh | 90 million kWh (1999) |
| Electricity - production by source | - | fossil fuel:
100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: unnamed location 5 m |
lowest point:
Djourab Depression 160 m highest point: Emi Koussi 3,415 m |
| Environment - current issues | very limited natural resources and overcrowding are contributing to emigration to New Zealand | inadequate supplies of potable water; improper waste disposal in rural areas contributes to soil and water pollution; desertification |
| Environment - international agreements | - | party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping |
| Ethnic groups | Polynesian | Muslims, commonly referred to as "northerners" or "gorane" (Arabs, Toubou, Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko, Kanembou, Baguirmi, Boulala, Zaghawa, and Maba); non-Muslims, commonly referred to as "southerners" (Sara, Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye, Moundang, Moussei, Massa) including nonindigenous 150,000 (of whom 1,000 are French)
note: ethnicity and regional background more commonly used to identify Chadians than religious affiliation |
| Exchange rates | New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 1.7229 (2003), 2.154 (2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999) | Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XAF) per US dollar - 699.21 (January 2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997), 511.55 (1996); note - from 1 January 1999, the XAF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XAF per euro |
| Executive branch | chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); the UK and New Zealand are represented by Administrator Neil WALTER (since NA 2002)
head of government: Aliki Faipule Kuresa NASAU (since 2004) note - position rotates annually among members of the cabinet cabinet: the Council of Faipule, consisting of three elected leaders - one from each atoll - functions as a cabinet elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; administrator appointed by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade in New Zealand; the head of government is chosen from the Council of Faipule and serves a one-year term |
chief of state:
President Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY (since 4 December 1990) head of government: Prime Minister Nagoum YAMASSOUM (since 13 December 1999) cabinet: Council of State, members appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote to serve five-year term; if no candidate receives at least 50% of the total vote, the two candidates receiving the most votes must stand for a second round of voting; last held 20 May 2001 (next to be held NA 2006); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY elected president; percent of vote - Lt. Gen. Idriss DEBY 63%, Ngarlegy YORONGAR 16%, Saleh KEBZABO 7% note: government coalition - MPS, UNDR, and URD |
| Exports | $98,000 f.o.b. (1983) | $172 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) |
| Exports - commodities | stamps, copra, handicrafts | cotton, cattle, textiles |
| Exports - partners | New Zealand (2000) | Portugal 38%, Germany 12%, Thailand, Costa Rica, South Africa, France (1999) |
| Fiscal year | 1 April - 31 March | calendar year |
| Flag description | the flag of New Zealand is used | three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; similar to the flag of Romania; also similar to the flags of Andorra and Moldova, both of which have a national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $1.5 million (1993 est.) | purchasing power parity - $8.1 billion (2000 est.) |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: NA
industry: NA services: NA |
agriculture:
40% industry: 14% services: 46% (1998) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $1,000 (1993 est.) | purchasing power parity - $1,000 (2000 est.) |
| GDP - real growth rate | NA | 4% (2000 est.) |
| Geographic coordinates | 9 00 S, 172 00 W | 15 00 N, 19 00 E |
| Geography - note | consists of three atolls, each with a lagoon surrounded by a number of reef-bound islets of varying length and rising to over three meters above sea level | landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water body in the Sahel |
| Highways | total: NA km
paved: NA km unpaved: NA km |
total:
33,400 km paved: 267 km unpaved: 33,133 km (1996) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%: NA
highest 10%: NA |
lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
| Imports | $323,000 c.i.f. (1983) | $223 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) |
| Imports - commodities | foodstuffs, building materials, fuel | machinery and transportation equipment, industrial goods, petroleum products, foodstuffs, textiles |
| Imports - partners | New Zealand (2000) | France 40%, Cameroon 13%, Nigeria 12%, India 5% (1999) |
| Independence | none (territory of New Zealand) | 11 August 1960 (from France) |
| Industrial production growth rate | NA | 5% (1995) |
| Industries | small-scale enterprises for copra production, woodworking, plaited craft goods; stamps, coins; fishing | cotton textiles, meatpacking, beer brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials |
| Infant mortality rate | total: NA
male: NA female: NA |
95.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | NA | 3% (2000 est.) |
| International organization participation | UNESCO (associate), UPU | ACCT, ACP, AfDB, BDEAC, CEEAC, CEMAC, ECA, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | - | 1 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | NA sq km | 140 sq km (1993 est.) |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court in New Zealand exercises civil and criminal jurisdiction in Tokelau | Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Criminal Courts; Magistrate Courts |
| Labor force | NA | NA |
| Labor force - by occupation | - | agriculture 85% (subsistence farming, herding, and fishing) |
| Land boundaries | 0 km | total:
5,968 km border countries: Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197 km, Libya 1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km |
| Land use | arable land: 0% (soil is thin and infertile)
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2001) |
arable land:
3% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 36% forests and woodland: 26% other: 35% (1993 est.) |
| Languages | Tokelauan (a Polynesian language), English | French (official), Arabic (official), Sara and Sango (in south), more than 100 different languages and dialects |
| Legal system | New Zealand and local statutes | based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction |
| Legislative branch | unicameral General Fono (48 seats; 15 members from each of the three islands elected by popular vote to serve three-year terms and the 3 island village mayors [pulenuku]); note - the Tokelau Amendment Act of 1996 confers limited legislative power on the General Fono | unicameral National Assembly (125 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms); replaces the Higher Transitional Council or the Conseil Superieur de Transition
elections: National Assembly - last held in two rounds on 5 January and 23 February 1997 (next to be held in late 2001); in the first round of voting some candidates won clear victories by receiving 50% or more of the vote; where that did not happen, the two highest scoring candidates stood for a second round of voting election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - MPS 65, URD 29, UNDR 15, RDP 3, others 13 |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population: NA years
male: 68 years female: 70 years (2004 est.) |
total population:
50.88 years male: 48.86 years female: 52.98 years (2001 est.) |
| Literacy | NA | definition:
age 15 and over can read and write French or Arabic total population: 48.1% male: 62.1% female: 34.7% (1995 est.) |
| Location | Oceania, group of three atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand | Central Africa, south of Libya |
| Map references | Oceania | Africa |
| Maritime claims | territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm |
none (landlocked) |
| Merchant marine | none | - |
| Military - note | defense is the responsibility of New Zealand | - |
| Military branches | - | Armed Forces (includes Ground Force, Air Force, and Gendarmerie), Republican Guard, Rapid Intervention Force, Police, Rural and Nomadic Guard (GNNT) |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | - | $39 million (FY96) |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | - | 3.5% (FY96) |
| Military manpower - availability | - | males age 15-49:
1,814,578 (2001 est.) |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | - | males age 15-49:
949,997 (2001 est.) |
| Military manpower - military age | - | 20 years of age |
| Military manpower - reaching military age annually | - | males:
82,003 (2001 est.) |
| National holiday | Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840) | Independence Day, 11 August (1960) |
| Nationality | noun: Tokelauan(s)
adjective: Tokelauan |
noun:
Chadian(s) adjective: Chadian |
| Natural hazards | lies in Pacific typhoon belt | hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts; locust plagues |
| Natural resources | NEGL | petroleum (unexploited but exploration under way), uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad) |
| Net migration rate | NA migrant(s)/1,000 population | 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) |
| Political parties and leaders | none | National Union for Development and Renewal or UNDR [Saleh KEBZABO]; Patriotic Salvation Movement or MPS [Mahamat Saleh AHMAT, chairman] (originally in opposition but now the party in power and the party of the president); Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Lal Mahamat CHOUA]; Union for Renewal and Democracy or URD [Gen. Wadal Abdelkader KAMOUGUE] |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | none | NA |
| Population | 1,405 (July 2004 est.) | 8,707,078 (July 2001 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA | 64% (1995 est.) |
| Population growth rate | -0.01% (2004 est.) | 3.29% (2001 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | none; offshore anchorage only | none |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA
note: each atoll has a radio broadcast station of unknown type that broadcasts shipping and weather reports (1998) |
AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 5 (1998) |
| Radios | - | 1.67 million (1997) |
| Railways | - | 0 km |
| Religions | Congregational Christian Church 70%, Roman Catholic 28%, other 2%
note: on Atafu, all Congregational Christian Church of Samoa; on Nukunonu, all Roman Catholic; on Fakaofo, both denominations, with the Congregational Christian Church predominant |
Muslim 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs (mostly animism) 25% |
| Sex ratio | NA | at birth:
1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
| Suffrage | 21 years of age; universal | 18 years of age; universal |
| Telephone system | general assessment: adequate
domestic: radiotelephone service between islands international: country code - 690; radiotelephone service to Samoa; government-regulated telephone service (TeleTok), with 3 satellite earth stations, established in 1997 |
general assessment:
primitive system domestic: fair system of radiotelephone communication stations international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 300 (2002) | 7,000 (1997) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 0 (2001) | NA |
| Television broadcast stations | - | 1 (1997) |
| Terrain | low-lying coral atolls enclosing large lagoons | broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south |
| Total fertility rate | NA children born/woman | 6.56 children born/woman (2001 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | NA | NA% |
| Waterways | - | 2,000 km |
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