Compare Timor-Leste (2008) - Gibraltar (2002)

Compare Timor-Leste (2008) z Gibraltar (2002)

	Timor-Leste (2008)	Gibraltar (2002)

Administrative divisions	13 administrative districts; Aileu, Ainaro, Baucau, Bobonaro (Maliana), Cova-Lima (Suai), Dili, Ermera, Lautem (Los Palos), Liquica, Manatuto, Manufahi (Same), Oecussi (Ambeno), Viqueque	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Age structure	0-14 years: 35.7% (male 196,825/female 190,454) 15-64 years: 61.1% (male 337,816/female 325,094) 65 years and over: 3.2% (male 16,823/female 17,959) (2007 est.)	0-14 years: 18.5% (male 2,633; female 2,509) 15-64 years: 66.3% (male 9,456; female 8,907) 65 years and over: 15.2% (male 1,803; female 2,406) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	coffee, rice, corn, cassava, sweet potatoes, soybeans, cabbage, mangoes, bananas, vanilla	none
Airports	8 (2007)	1 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2007)	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 5 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 2 (2007)	-
Area	total: 15,007 sq km land: NA sq km water: NA sq km	total: 6.5 sq km land: 6.5 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly larger than Connecticut	about 11 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC
Background	The Portuguese began to trade with the island of Timor in the early 16th century and colonized it in mid-century. Skirmishing with the Dutch in the region eventually resulted in an 1859 treaty in which Portugal ceded the western portion of the island. Imperial Japan occupied Portugese Timor from 1942 to 1945, but Portugal resumed colonial authority after the Japanese defeat in World War II. East Timor declared itself independent from Portugal on 28 November 1975 and was invaded and occupied by Indonesian forces nine days later. It was incorporated into Indonesia in July 1976 as the province of Timor Timur (East Timor). An unsuccessful campaign of pacification followed over the next two decades, during which an estimated 100,000 to 250,000 individuals lost their lives. On 30 August 1999, in a UN-supervised popular referendum, an overwhelming majority of the people of Timor-Leste voted for independence from Indonesia. Between the referendum and the arrival of a multinational peacekeeping force in late September 1999, anti-independence Timorese militias - organized and supported by the Indonesian military - commenced a large-scale, scorched-earth campaign of retribution. The militias killed approximately 1,400 Timorese and forcibly pushed 300,000 people into western Timor as refugees. The majority of the country's infrastructure, including homes, irrigation systems, water supply systems, and schools, and nearly 100% of the country's electrical grid were destroyed. On 20 September 1999 the Australian-led peacekeeping troops of the International Force for East Timor (INTERFET) deployed to the country and brought the violence to an end. On 20 May 2002, Timor-Leste was internationally recognized as an independent state. In late April 2006, internal tensions threatened the new nation's security when a military strike led to violence and a near breakdown of law and order in Dili. At the request of the Government of Timor-Leste, an Australian-led International Stabilization Force (ISF) deployed to Timor-Leste in late May. In August, the UN Security Council established the UN Integrated Mission in Timor-Leste (UNMIT), which included an authorized police presence of over 1,600 personnel. In subsequent months, many of the ISF soldiers were replaced by UN police officers; approximately 80 ISF officers remained as of January 2008. From April to June 2007, the Government of Timor-Leste held presidential and parliamentary elections in a largely peaceful atmosphere with the support and assistance of UNMIT and international donors.	Strategically important, Gibraltar was ceded to Great Britain by Spain in the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht; the British garrison was formally declared a colony in 1830. In referendums held in 1967 and 2002, Gibraltarians ignored Spanish pressure and voted overwhelmingly to remain a British dependency.
Birth rate	26.77 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)	11.19 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $733 million expenditures: $309 million note: the government passed a transitional budget to cover the latter half of 2007 and has moved the fiscal cycle to a calendar year, starting with the budget they passed for 2008 (FY06/07 est.)	revenues: $307 million expenditures: $284 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY00/01 est. )
Capital	name: Dili geographic coordinates: 8 35 S, 125 36 E time difference: UTC+9 (14 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)	Gibraltar
Climate	tropical; hot, humid; distinct rainy and dry seasons	Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers
Coastline	706 km	12 km
Constitution	22 March 2002 (based on the Portuguese model)	30 May 1969
Country name	conventional long form: Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste conventional short form: Timor-Leste local long form: Republika Demokratika Timor Lorosa'e [Tetum]; Republica Democratica de Timor-Leste [Portuguese] local short form: Timor Lorosa'e [Tetum]; Timor-Leste [Portuguese] former: East Timor, Portuguese Timor	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Gibraltar
Currency	-	Gibraltar pound (GIP)
Death rate	6.19 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)	8.88 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	-	$NA
Dependency status	-	overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Hans G. KLEMM embassy: Avenida de Portugal, Praia dos Conqueiros, Dili mailing address: US Department of State, 8250 Dili Place, Washington, DC 20521-8250 telephone: (670) 332-4684 FAX: (670) 331-3206	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge d'Affaires Constancio PINTO chancery: 4201 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: 202 966-3202 FAX: 202 966-3205 consulate(s) general: New York	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international	Timor-Leste-Indonesia Boundary Committee has resolved all but a small portion of the land boundary, but discussions on maritime boundaries are stalemated over sovereignty of the uninhabited coral island of Pulau Batek/Fatu Sinai in the north and alignment with Australian claims in the south; many refugees who left Timor-Leste in 2003 still reside in Indonesia and refuse repatriation; Australia and Timor-Leste agreed in 2005 to defer the disputed portion of the boundary for 50 years and to split hydrocarbon revenues evenly outside the Joint Petroleum Development Area covered by the 2002 Timor Sea Treaty	Spain and UK are discussing "total shared sovereignty" to resolve 300-year dispute over Gibraltar, but resolution is subject to a constitutional referendum by Gibraltarians, who have largely expressed opposition to any form of cession to Spain
Economic aid - recipient	$184.7 million (2005 est.)	$NA; note - if an agreement between Spain and the UK is reached, could receive 50 million euros from the EU
Economy - overview	In late 1999, about 70% of the economic infrastructure of Timor-Leste was laid waste by Indonesian troops and anti-independence militias. Three hundred thousand people fled westward. Over the next three years a massive international program, manned by 5,000 peacekeepers (8,000 at peak) and 1,300 police officers, led to substantial reconstruction in both urban and rural areas. By the end of 2005, refugees had returned or had settled in Indonesia. The country continues to face great challenges in rebuilding its infrastructure, strengthening the civil administration, and generating jobs for young people entering the work force. The development of oil and gas resources in offshore waters has begun to supplement government revenues ahead of schedule and above expectations - the result of high petroleum prices. The technology-intensive industry, however, has done little to create jobs for the unemployed because there are no production facilities in Timor. Gas is piped to Australia. In June 2005 the National Parliament unanimously approved the creation of a Petroleum Fund to serve as a repository for all petroleum revenues and preserve the value of Timor-Leste's petroleum wealth for future generations. The Fund held assets of US$1.8 billion as of September 2007. The mid-2006 outbreak of violence and civil unrest disrupted both private and public sector economic activity and created 100,000 internally displaced persons - about 10 percent of the population. While real non-oil GDP growth in 2006 was negative, the economy probably rebounded in 2007. The underlying economic policy challenge the country faces remains how best to use oil-and-gas wealth to lift the non-oil economy onto a higher growth path and reduce poverty. In late 2007, the new government announced plans aimed at increasing spending, reducing poverty, and improving the country's infrastructure, but it continues to face capacity constraints. In the short term, the government must also address continuing problems related to the crisis of 2006, especially the displaced Timorese.	Gibraltar benefits from an extensive shipping trade, offshore banking, and its position as an international conference center. The British military presence has been sharply reduced and now contributes about 11% to the local economy. The financial sector accounts for 20% of GDP; tourism (almost 6 million visitors in 1998), shipping services fees, and duties on consumer goods also generate revenue. In recent years, Gibraltar has seen major structural change from a public to a private sector economy, but changes in government spending still have a major impact on the level of employment.
Electricity - consumption	NA kWh (2005)	90.21 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2005)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2005)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	NA kWh (2005)	97 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Timor Sea, Savu Sea, and Banda Sea 0 m highest point: Foho Tatamailau 2,963 m	lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Rock of Gibraltar 426 m
Environment - current issues	widespread use of slash and burn agriculture has led to deforestation and soil erosion	limited natural freshwater resources: large concrete or natural rock water catchments collect rainwater (no longer used for drinking water) and adequate desalination plant
Environment - international agreements	party to: Climate Change, Desertification	-
Ethnic groups	Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian), Papuan, small Chinese minority	Spanish, Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese
Exchange rates	the US dollar is used	Gibraltar pounds per US dollar - 0.6981 (January 2002), 0.8977 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6106 (1997); note - the Gibraltar pound is at par with the British pound
Executive branch	chief of state: President Jose RAMOS-HORTA (since 20 May 2007); note - the president plays a largely symbolic role but is able to veto legislation, dissolve parliament, and call national elections head of government: Prime Minister Kay Rala Xanana GUSMAO (since 8 August 2007), note - he formerly used the name Jose Alexandre GUSMAO; Deputy Prime Minister Jose Luis GUTERRES (since 8 August 2007) cabinet: Council of Ministers elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a second term); election last held on 9 April 2007 with run-off on 8 May 2007 (next to be held in May 2012); following elections, president appoints leader of majority party or majority coalition as prime minister election results: Jose RAMOS-HORTA elected president; percent of vote - Jose RAMOS-HORTA 69.2%, Francisco GUTTERES 30.8%	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor and Commander-in-Chief David DURIE (since 5 April 2000); note - Sir Francis RICHARDS was appointed governor 18 December 2002 and will take office in May 2003 head of government: Chief Minister Peter CARUANA (since 17 May 1996) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed from among the 15 elected members of the House of Assembly by the governor in consultation with the chief minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed chief minister by the governor
Exports	0 cu m (2005 est.)	$81.1 million f.o.b. (1997)
Exports - commodities	coffee, sandalwood, marble; note - potential for oil and vanilla exports	(principally reexports) petroleum 51%, manufactured goods 41%, other 8%
Exports - partners	US, Germany, Portugal, Australia, Indonesia (2006)	UK, Morocco, Portugal, Netherlands, Spain, US, Germany
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	red, with a black isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) superimposed on a slightly longer yellow arrowhead that extends to the center of the flag; there is a white star in the center of the black triangle	two horizontal bands of white (top, double width) and red with a three-towered red castle in the center of the white band; hanging from the castle gate is a gold key centered in the red band
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $500 million (1997 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 32.2% industry: 12.8% services: 55% (2005)	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $17,500 (1997 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	24% (2007 est.)	NA%
Geographic coordinates	8 50 S, 125 55 E	36 8 N, 5 21 W
Geography - note	Timor comes from the Malay word for "East"; the island of Timor is part of the Malay Archipelago and is the largest and easternmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands	strategic location on Strait of Gibraltar that links the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea
Heliports	9 (2007)	-
Highways	-	total: 46.25 km paved: 46.25 km unpaved: 0 km (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	NA	-
Imports	0 cu m (2005)	$492 million c.i.f. (1997)
Imports - commodities	food, gasoline, kerosene, machinery	fuels, manufactured goods, and foodstuffs
Imports - partners	-	UK, Spain, Japan, Netherlands
Independence	28 November 1975 (independence proclaimed from Portugal); note - 20 May 2002 is the official date of international recognition of Timor-Leste's independence from Indonesia	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate	8.5% (2004 est.)	NA%
Industries	printing, soap manufacturing, handicrafts, woven cloth	tourism, banking and finance, ship-building and repairing; tobacco, mineral water, beer
Infant mortality rate	total: 44.46 deaths/1,000 live births male: 50.47 deaths/1,000 live births female: 38.14 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)	5.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	5.4% (2007 est.)	1.5% (1998)
International organization participation	ACP, ADB, ARF, CPLP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, PIF (observer), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO	Interpol (subbureau)
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	2 (2000)
Irrigated land	1,065 sq km (est.)	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court of Justice - constitution calls for one judge to be appointed by National Parliament and rest appointed by Superior Council for Judiciary; note - until Supreme Court is established, Court of Appeals is highest court	Supreme Court; Court of Appeal
Labor force	NA	14,800 (including non-Gibraltar laborers)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%	services 60%, industry 40%, agriculture NEGL%
Land boundaries	total: 228 km border countries: Indonesia 228 km	total: 1.2 km border countries: Spain 1.2 km
Land use	arable land: 8.2% permanent crops: 4.57% other: 87.23% (2005)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.)
Languages	Tetum (official), Portuguese (official), Indonesian, English note: there are about 16 indigenous languages; Tetum, Galole, Mambae, and Kemak are spoken by significant numbers of people	English (used in schools and for official purposes), Spanish, Italian, Portuguese
Legal system	UN-drafted legal system based on Indonesian law remains in place but is to be replaced by civil and penal codes based on Portuguese law; these have passed but have not been promulgated; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	English law
Legislative branch	unicameral National Parliament (number of seats can vary from 52 to 65; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held on 30 June 2007 (next elections due by June 2012) election results: percent of vote by party - FRETILIN 29%, CNRT 24.1%, ASDT-PSD 15.8%, PD 11.3%, PUN 4.5%, KOTA-PPT (Democratic Alliance) 3.2%, UNTERDIM 3.2%, others 8.9%; seats by party - FRETILIN 21, CNRT 18, ASDT-PSD 11, PD 8, PUN 3, KOTA-PPT 2, UNDERTIM 2	unicameral House of Assembly (18 seats - 15 elected by popular vote, one appointed for the Speaker, and two ex officio members; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 10 February 2000 (next to be held NA 2004) election results: percent of vote by party - GSD 58%, GSLP 41%; seats by party - GSD 8, GSLP 7
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 66.6 years male: 64.28 years female: 69.04 years (2007 est.)	total population: 79.23 years male: 76.37 years female: 82.25 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 58.6% male: NA% female: NA% (2002)	definition: NA total population: above 80% male: NA% female: NA%
Location	Southeastern Asia, northwest of Australia in the Lesser Sunda Islands at the eastern end of the Indonesian archipelago; note - Timor-Leste includes the eastern half of the island of Timor, the Oecussi (Ambeno) region on the northwest portion of the island of Timor, and the islands of Pulau Atauro and Pulau Jaco	Southwestern Europe, bordering the Strait of Gibraltar, which links the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southern coast of Spain
Map references	Southeast Asia	Europe
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm	territorial sea: 3 NM
Merchant marine	by type: passenger/cargo 1 (2007)	total: 75 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 900,400 GRT/1,277,611 DWT ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 35, chemical tanker 6, container 10, multi-functional large-load carrier 3, passenger 3, petroleum tanker 14, roll on/roll off 2 note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Belgium 1, Cyprus 1, France 2, Germany 55, Greece 6, Ireland 1, Monaco 2, Norway 3, United Kingdom 13 (2002 est.)
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches	Timor-Leste Defense Force (Forcas de Defesa de Timor-L'este, Falintil (FDTL)): Army, Navy (Armada) (2008)	no regular indigenous military forces; British Army, Royal Navy, Royal Air Force
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	NA	-
National holiday	Independence Day, 28 November (1975)	National Day, 10 September (1964); note - day of the national referendum to decide whether to remain with the UK or go with Spain
Nationality	noun: Timorese adjective: Timorese	noun: Gibraltarian(s) adjective: Gibraltar
Natural hazards	floods and landslides are common; earthquakes, tsunamis, tropical cyclones	NA
Natural resources	gold, petroleum, natural gas, manganese, marble	NEGL
Net migration rate	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)	NEGL migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines	-	0 km
Political parties and leaders	Democratic Party or PD [Fernando de ARAUJO]; National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction or CNRT [Xanana GUSMAO]; National Democratic Union of Timorese Resistance or UNDERTIM [Cornelio DA Conceicao GAMA]; National Unity Party or PUN [Fernanda BORGES]; People's Party of Timor or PPT [Jacob XAVIER]; Revolutionary Front of Independent Timor-Leste or FRETILIN [Mari ALKATIRI]; Social Democratic Association of Timor or ASDT [Francisco Xavier do AMARAL]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Mario CARRASCALAO]; Sons of the Mountain Warriors or KOTA [Manuel TILMAN] (also known as Association of Timorese Heroes)	Gibraltar Social Democrats or GSD [Peter CARUANA]; Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party or GSLP [Joseph John BOSSANO]
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	Chamber of Commerce; Gibraltar Representatives Organization; Women's Association
Population	1,084,971 note: other estimates range as low as 800,000 (July 2007 est.)	27,714 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	42% (2003 est.)	NA%
Population growth rate	2.059% (2007 est.)	0.23% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	Gibraltar
Radio broadcast stations	at least 21 (Timor-Leste has one national public broadcaster and 20 community and church radio stations - frequency type NA)	AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	-	37,000 (1997)
Religions	Roman Catholic 98%, Muslim 1%, Protestant 1% (2005)	Roman Catholic 76.9%, Church of England 6.9%, Muslim 6.9%, Jewish 2.3%, none or other 7% (1991)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.033 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.039 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.937 male(s)/female total population: 1.034 male(s)/female (2007 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	17 years of age; universal	18 years of age; universal, plus other UK subjects who have been residents six months or more
Telephone system	general assessment: rudimentary service limited to urban areas domestic: system suffered significant damage during the violence associated with independence; extremely limited fixed-line services; mobile-cellular services and coverage limited primarily to urban areas international: country code - 670; international service is available in major urban centers	general assessment: adequate, automatic domestic system and adequate international facilities domestic: automatic exchange facilities international: radiotelephone; microwave radio relay; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	2,500 (2006)	19,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular	49,100 (2006)	1,620 (1997)
Television broadcast stations	1 (Timor-Leste has one national public broadcaster)	1 (plus three low-power repeaters) (1997)
Terrain	mountainous	a narrow coastal lowland borders the Rock of Gibraltar
Total fertility rate	3.45 children born/woman (2007 est.)	1.65 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	50% estimated; note - unemployment in urban areas reached 20%; data do not include underemployed (2001 est.)	13.5% (1996) (1996)
Waterways	-	none

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