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Compare Tajikistan (2002) - Togo (2003)

Compare Tajikistan (2002) z Togo (2003)

 Tajikistan (2002)Togo (2003)
 TajikistanTogo
Administrative divisions 2 provinces (viloyatho, singular - viloyat) and 1 autonomous province* (viloyati mukhtor); Viloyati Mukhtori Kuhistoni Badakhshon* (Khorugh), Viloyati Khatlon (Qurghonteppa), Viloyati Sughd (Khujand)


note: the administrative center name follows in parentheses
5 regions (regions, singular - region); De La Kara, Des Plateaux, Des Savanes, Centrale, Maritime
Age structure 0-14 years: 40.4% (male 1,370,314; female 1,346,465)


15-64 years: 54.9% (male 1,835,573; female 1,854,677)


65 years and over: 4.7% (male 136,033; female 176,505) (2002 est.)
0-14 years: 44.5% (male 1,211,252; female 1,203,564)


15-64 years: 53% (male 1,404,763; female 1,473,360)


65 years and over: 2.5% (male 57,535; female 78,825) (2003 est.)
Agriculture - products cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats coffee, cocoa, cotton, yams, cassava (tapioca), corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock; fish
Airports 53 (2001) 9 (2002)
Airports - with paved runways total: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
total: 2


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 51


over 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 12


under 914 m: 36 (2002)
total: 7


914 to 1,523 m: 5


under 914 m: 2 (2002)
Area total: 143,100 sq km


land: 142,700 sq km


water: 400 sq km
total: 56,785 sq km


land: 54,385 sq km


water: 2,400 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Wisconsin slightly smaller than West Virginia
Background Tajikistan has experienced three changes in government and a five-year civil war since it gained independence in 1991 from the USSR. A peace agreement among rival factions was signed in 1997, and implemented in 2000. The central government's less than total control over some areas of the country has forced it to compromise and forge alliances among factions. Attention by the international community in the wake of the war in Afghanistan has brought increased economic development assistance, which could create jobs and increase stability in the long term. Tajikistan is in the early stages of seeking World Trade Organization membership and has joined NATO's Partnership for Peace. French Togoland became Togo in 1960. Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA, installed as military ruler in 1967, is Africa's longest-serving head of state. Despite the facade of multiparty elections instituted in the early 1990s, the government continues to be dominated by President EYADEMA, whose Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) party has maintained power almost continually since 1967. In addition, Togo has come under fire from international organizations for human rights abuses and is plagued by political unrest. Most bilateral and multilateral aid to Togo remains frozen.
Birth rate 32.99 births/1,000 population (2002 est.) 35.23 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Budget revenues: $146 million


expenditures: $196 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.) (2000 est.)
revenues: $232 million


expenditures: $252 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997 est.)
Capital Dushanbe Lome
Climate midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 56 km
Constitution 6 November 1994 multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1 July 1992; adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992
Country name conventional long form: Republic of Tajikistan


conventional short form: Tajikistan


local long form: Jumhurii Tojikiston


local short form: Tojikiston


former: Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic
conventional long form: Togolese Republic


conventional short form: Togo


local long form: Republique Togolaise


local short form: none


former: French Togoland
Currency somoni Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Death rate 8.51 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.) 11.51 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Debt - external $1.23 billion (2000 est.) $1.4 billion (2000)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador Franklin P. HUDDLE, Jr.


embassy: 10 Pavlova Street, Dushanbe, Tajikistan 734003; note - the embassy in Dushanbe is not yet fully operational; most business is still handled in Almaty at 531 Sayfullin Street, Almaty, Kazakhstan, telephone 7-3272-58-79-61, FAX 7-3272-58079-68


mailing address: use embassy street address


telephone: [992] (372) 21-03-48, 21-03-50, 21-03-52, 24-15-60


FAX: [992] (372) 51-00-28, 21-03-62
chief of mission: Ambassador Gregory ENGLE


embassy: Angle Rue Kouenou and Rue 15 Beniglato, Lome


mailing address: B. P. 852, Lome


telephone: [228] 221 29 91 through 221 29 94


FAX: [228] 221 79 52
Diplomatic representation in the US Tajikistan does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a permanent mission to the UN: address - 136 East 67th Street, New York, NY 10021, telephone - [1] (212) 472-7645, FAX - [1] (212) 628-0252; permanent representative to the UN is Khamrokhon ZARIPOV chief of mission: Ambassador Akoussoulelou BODJONA


chancery: 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 234-4212


FAX: [1] (202) 232-3190
Disputes - international Uzbekistan has mined much of its undemarcated southern and eastern border with Tajikistan; border demarcation negotiations continuing with Kyrgyzstan in Isfara Valley area; Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan wrestle with sharing water resources and the resulting regional environmental degradation caused by the shrinking of the Aral Sea in 2001 Benin claimed Togo moved boundary monuments - joint commission presently resurveying the boundary
Economic aid - recipient $60.7 million from US (2001) ODA $80 million (2000 est.)
Economy - overview Tajikistan has the lowest per capita GDP among the 15 former Soviet republics. Cotton is the most important crop. Mineral resources, varied but limited in amount, include silver, gold, uranium, and tungsten. Industry consists only of a large aluminum plant, hydropower facilities, and small obsolete factories mostly in light industry and food processing. The civil war (1992-97) severely damaged the already weak economic infrastructure and caused a sharp decline in industrial and agricultural production. Even though 80% of its people continue to live in abject poverty, Tajikistan has experienced strong economic growth since 1997. Continued privatization of medium and large state-owned enterprises will further increase productivity. Tajikistan's economic situation, however, remains fragile due to uneven implementation of structural reforms, weak governance, and the external debt burden. Servicing of the debt, owed principally to Russia and Uzbekistan, could require as much as 50% of government revenues in 2002, thus limiting the nation's ability to meet pressing development needs. This small sub-Saharan economy is heavily dependent on both commercial and subsistence agriculture, which provides employment for 65% of the labor force. Some basic foodstuffs must still be imported. Cocoa, coffee, and cotton generate about 40% of export earnings, with cotton being the most important cash crop. Togo is the world's fourth-largest producer of phosphate, but production fell an estimated 22% in 2002 due to power shortages and the cost of developing new deposits. The government's decade-long effort, supported by the World Bank and the IMF, to implement economic reform measures, encourage foreign investment, and bring revenues in line with expenditures has moved slowly. Progress depends on following through on privatization, increased openness in government financial operations, progress toward legislative elections, and continued support from foreign donors.
Electricity - consumption 12.539 billion kWh (2000) 614.5 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 3.909 billion kWh (2000) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 3.2 billion kWh (2000) 520 million kWh; note - electricity supplied by Ghana (2001)
Electricity - production 14.245 billion kWh (2000) 101.6 million kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 2%


hydro: 98%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
fossil fuel: 98.7%


hydro: 1.3%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Syr Darya (Sirdaryo) 300 m


highest point: Qullai Ismoili Somoni 7,495 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mont Agou 986 m
Environment - current issues inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels of soil salinity; industrial pollution; excessive pesticides deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; water pollution presents health hazards and hinders the fishing industry; air pollution increasing in urban areas
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups Tajik 64.9%, Uzbek 25%, Russian 3.5% (declining because of emigration), other 6.6% native African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%
Exchange rates Tajikistani somoni per US dollar - 2.55 (January 2002), 2.2 (January 2001), 1550 (January 2000), 998 (January 1999), 350 (January 1997), 284 (January 1996)


note: the new unit of exchange was introduced on 30 October 2000, with one somoni equal to 1,000 of the old Tajikistani rubles
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 696.99 (2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.7 (1999), 589.95 (1998)
Executive branch chief of state: President Emomali RAHMONOV (since 6 November 1994; head of state and Supreme Assembly chairman since 19 November 1992)


head of government: Prime Minister Oqil OQILOV (since 20 January 1999)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Supreme Assembly


elections: president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 6 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2006); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Emomali RAHMONOV elected president; percent of vote - Emomali RAHMONOV 97%, Davlat USMON 2%
chief of state: President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA (since 14 April 1967)


head of government: Prime Minister Koffi SAMA (since 29 June 2002)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president and the prime minister


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 1 June 2003 (next to be held NA June 2008); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Gnassingbe EYADEMA reelected president; percent of vote - Gnassingbe EYADEMA 57.2%, Emmanuel Akitani BOB 34.1%, Yawovi AGBOYIBO 5.2%, Maurice Dahuku PERE 2.3%, Edem KODJO 1.0%
Exports $640 million f.o.b. (2001 est.) NA (2001)
Exports - commodities aluminum, electricity, cotton, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles reexports, cotton, phosphates, coffee, cocoa
Exports - partners Europe 43%, Russia 30%, Uzbekistan 13% (2000) Ghana 17.7%, Benin 13.3%, Burkina Faso 8.2%, Philippines 4.9%, Niger 4.1% (2002)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a gold crown surmounted by seven gold, five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
GDP purchasing power parity - $7.5 billion (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $7.594 billion (2002 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 19%


industry: 25%


services: 56% (2000)
agriculture: 42%


industry: 21%


services: 37% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,140 (2001 est.) purchasing power parity - $1,400 (2002 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 8.3% (2001 est.) 2.9% (2002 est.)
Geographic coordinates 39 00 N, 71 00 E 8 00 N, 1 10 E
Geography - note landlocked; mountainous region dominated by the Trans-Alay Range in the north and the Pamirs in the southeast; highest point, Qullai Ismoili Somoni (formerly Communism Peak), was the tallest mountain in the former USSR the country's length allows it to stretch through six distinct geographic regions; climate varies from tropical to savanna
Highways total: 29,900 km


paved: 21,400 km (includes some all-weather gravel-surfaced roads)


unpaved: 8,500 km (these roads are made of unstabilized earth and are difficult to negotiate in wet weather) (1990)
total: 7,520 km


paved: 2,376 km


unpaved: 5,144 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs major transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited illicit cultivation of opium poppy for domestic consumption; Tajikistan seizes roughly 80 percent of all drugs captured in Central Asia and stands third world-wide in seizures of opiates (heroin and raw opium) transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers; money laundering not a significant problem
Imports $700 million f.o.b. (2001 est.) NA (2001)
Imports - commodities electricity, petroleum products, aluminum oxide, machinery and equipment, foodstuffs machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products
Imports - partners Uzbekistan 27%, Russia 16%, Europe 12% (2000) France 21.3%, China 17%, Netherlands 6.5%, Germany 5.3%, UK 4.8%, Italy 4.4% (2002)
Independence 9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union) 27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate 10.3% (2000 est.) NA%
Industries aluminum, zinc, lead, chemicals and fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil, metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and freezers phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement; handicrafts, textiles, beverages
Infant mortality rate 114.77 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.) total: 68.73 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 76.58 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 60.65 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 33% (2001 est.) 4% (2002 est.)
International organization participation AsDB, CCC, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IOC, IOM, ITU, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer) ACCT, ACP, AfDB, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIPONUH, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 4 (2002) 3 (2001)
Irrigated land 7,200 sq km (1998 est.) 70 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president) Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Labor force 3.187 million (2000) 1.74 million (1996)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 67%, industry 8%, services 25% (2000 est.) agriculture 65%, industry 5%, services 30% (1998 est.)
Land boundaries total: 3,651 km


border countries: Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km
total: 1,647 km


border countries: Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana 877 km
Land use arable land: 5.41%


permanent crops: 0.92%


other: 93.67% (1998 est.)
arable land: 41.37%


permanent crops: 1.84%


other: 56.79% (1998 est.)
Languages Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)
Legal system based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts French-based court system
Legislative branch bicameral Supreme Assembly or Majlisi Oli consists of the Assembly of Representatives (lower chamber) or Majlisi Namoyandagon (63 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and the National Assembly (upper chamber) or Majlisi Milliy (33 seats; members are indirectly elected, 25 selected by local deputies, 8 appointed by the president; all serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 27 February and 12 March 2000 for the Assembly of Representatives (next to be held NA 2005) and 23 March 2000 for the National Assembly (next to be held NA 2005)


election results: Assembly of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDPT 65%, Communist Party 20%, Islamic Rebirth Party 7.5%, other 7.5%; seats by party - NA; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA
unicameral National Assembly (81 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 27 October 2002 (next NA 2007)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPT 72, RSD 3, UDPS 2, Juvento 2, MOCEP 1, independents 1


note: two opposition parties boycotted the election, the Union of the Forces for Change, and the Action Committee for Renewal
Life expectancy at birth total population: 64.28 years


male: 61.24 years


female: 67.46 years (2002 est.)
total population: 53.43 years


male: 51.47 years


female: 55.45 years (2003 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 98%


male: 99%


female: 97% (1989 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 60.9%


male: 75.4%


female: 46.9% (2003 est.)
Location Central Asia, west of China Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Benin and Ghana
Map references Asia Africa
Maritime claims none (landlocked) exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 30 NM
Merchant marine - total: 2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 3,918 GRT/3,852 DWT


ships by type: cargo 1, specialized tanker 1


note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Greece 1 (2002 est.)
Military branches Army, Air Force and Air Defense Force, Presidential National Guard, Security Forces (internal and border troops) Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie
Military expenditures - dollar figure $35.4 million (FY01) $23.72 million (FY02)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 3.9% (FY01) 1.8% (FY02)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 1,646,278 (2002 est.) males age 15-49: 1,270,146 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 1,349,505 (2002 est.) males age 15-49: 666,132 (2003 est.)
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age (2002 est.) -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 72,056 (2002 est.) -
National holiday Independence Day (or National Day), 9 September (1991) Independence Day, 27 April (1960)
Nationality noun: Tajikistani(s)


adjective: Tajikistani
noun: Togolese (singular and plural)


adjective: Togolese
Natural hazards earthquakes and floods hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts
Natural resources hydropower, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten, silver, gold phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land
Net migration rate -3.27 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)
Pipelines natural gas 400 km (1992) -
Political parties and leaders Democratic Party or DPT [Mahmadruzi ISKANDAROV, chairman]; Islamic Revival Party [Said Abdullo NURI, chairman]; People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali RAHMONOV]; Social Democratic Party or SDPT [Rahmatullo ZOIROV]; Socialist Party or SPT [Sherali KENJAYEV]; Tajik Communist Party or CPT [Shodi SHABDOLOV] Juvento [Monsilia DJATO]; Movement of the Believers of Peace and Equality or MOCEP [leader NA]; Rally for the Support for Development and Democracy or RSDD [Hanay OLYMPIO]; Rally of the Togolese People or RPT [President Gnassingbe EYADEMA]; Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Gagou KOKOU]


note: Rally of the Togolese People or RPT, led by President EYADEMA, was the only party until the formation of multiple parties was legalized 12 April 1991
Political pressure groups and leaders there are two unregistered political parties with 1,000 or more members: Progressive Party [Suton QUVVATOV]; Unity Party [Hikmatuko SAIDOV] NA
Population 6,719,567 (July 2002 est.) 5,429,299


note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2003 est.)
Population below poverty line 80% (2001 est.) 32% (1989 est.)
Population growth rate 2.12% (2002 est.) 2.37% (2003 est.)
Ports and harbors none Kpeme, Lome
Radio broadcast stations AM 8, FM 10, shortwave 2 (2002) AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 4 (1998)
Radios 1.291 million (1991) -
Railways total: 482 km


broad gauge: 482 km 1.520-m gauge


note: includes only lines in common carrier service; lines dedicated to particular industries are excluded (2001)
total: 525 km


narrow gauge: 525 km 1.000-m gauge (2002)
Religions Sunni Muslim 85%, Shi'a Muslim 5% indigenous beliefs 51%, Christian 29%, Muslim 20%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female


total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.73 male(s)/female


total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal NA years of age; universal adult
Telephone system general assessment: poorly developed and not well maintained; many towns are not reached by the national network


domestic: cable and microwave radio relay


international: linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics and by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; Dushanbe linked by Intelsat to international gateway switch in Ankara (Turkey); satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita and 2 Intelsat
general assessment: fair system based on a network of microwave radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines and a mobile cellular system


domestic: microwave radio relay and open-wire lines for conventional system; cellular system has capacity of 10,000 telephones


international: satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Symphonie
Telephones - main lines in use 363,000 (1997) 25,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 2,500 (1997) 2,995 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 13 (2001) 3 (plus two repeaters) (1997)
Terrain Pamir and Alay Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes
Total fertility rate 4.23 children born/woman (2002 est.) 4.97 children born/woman (2003 est.)
Unemployment rate 20% (2001 est.) NA%
Waterways none 50 km (Mono river)
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