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Compare Tajikistan (2001) - Senegal (2002)

Compare Tajikistan (2001) z Senegal (2002)

 Tajikistan (2001)Senegal (2002)
 TajikistanSenegal
Administrative divisions 2 oblasts (viloyatho, singular - viloyat) and one autonomous oblast* (viloyati mukhtori); Viloyati Mukhtori Kuhistoni Badakhshon* (Khorugh - formerly Khorog), Viloyati Khatlon (Qurghonteppa - formerly Kurgan-Tyube), Viloyati Leninobod (Khujand - formerly Leninabad)

note:
the administrative center name follows in parentheses
10 regions (regions, singular - region); Dakar, Diourbel, Fatick, Kaolack, Kolda, Louga, Saint-Louis, Tambacounda, Thies, Ziguinchor


note: there may be another region called Matam
Age structure 0-14 years:
41.18% (male 1,367,194; female 1,341,967)

15-64 years:
54.22% (male 1,773,605; female 1,793,345)

65 years and over:
4.6% (male 131,009; female 171,561) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 43.5% (male 2,321,789; female 2,290,105)


15-64 years: 53.4% (male 2,710,178; female 2,943,554)


65 years and over: 3.1% (male 159,445; female 164,500) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products cotton, grain, fruits, grapes, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats peanuts, millet, corn, sorghum, rice, cotton, tomatoes, green vegetables; cattle, poultry, pigs; fish
Airports 53 (2000 est.) 20 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total: 9


over 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 6


914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
51

over 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
12

under 914 m:
36 (2000 est.)
total: 11


1,524 to 2,437 m: 6


914 to 1,523 m: 4


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Area total:
143,100 sq km

land:
142,700 sq km

water:
400 sq km
total: 196,190 sq km


land: 192,000 sq km


water: 4,190 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Wisconsin slightly smaller than South Dakota
Background Tajikistan has experienced three changes in government and a five-year civil war since it gained independence in 1991 from the USSR. A peace agreement among rival factions was signed in 1997, and implementation reportedly completed by late 1999. Part of the agreement required the legalization of opposition political parties prior to the 1999 elections, which occurred, but such parties have made little progress in successful participation in government. Random criminal and political violence in the country remains a complication impairing Tajikistan's ability to engage internationally. Independent from France in 1960, Senegal joined with The Gambia to form the nominal confederation of Senegambia in 1982. However, the envisaged integration of the two countries was never carried out, and the union was dissolved in 1989. Despite peace talks, a southern separatist group sporadically has clashed with government forces since 1982. Senegal has a long history of participating in international peacekeeping.
Birth rate 33.23 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 36.99 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues:
$146 million

expenditures:
$196 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
revenues: $1.373 billion


expenditures: $1.373 billion, including capital expenditures of $357 million (2002 est.)
Capital Dushanbe Dakar
Climate midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind
Coastline 0 km (landlocked) 531 km
Constitution 6 November 1994 a new constitution was adopted 7 January 2001
Country name conventional long form:
Republic of Tajikistan

conventional short form:
Tajikistan

local long form:
Jumhurii Tojikiston

local short form:
none

former:
Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic
conventional long form: Republic of Senegal


conventional short form: Senegal


local long form: Republique du Senegal


local short form: Senegal
Currency somoni Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Death rate 8.57 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 8.14 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $1.3 billion (1999 est.) $3.1 billion (2002 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Robert P. J. FINN

embassy:
temporarily collocated with the US Embassy in Almaty (Kazakhstan)

mailing address:
use embassy street address

telephone:
NA

FAX:
NA
chief of mission: Ambassador Harriet L. ELAM-THOMAS


embassy: Avenue Jean XXIII at the corner of Rue Kleber, Dakar


mailing address: B. P. 49, Dakar


telephone: [221] 823-4296


FAX: [221] 822-2991
Diplomatic representation in the US Tajikistan does not have an embassy in the US, but does have a permanent mission to the UN: address - 136 East 67th Street, New York, NY 10021, telephone - [1] (212) 472-7645, FAX - [1] (212) 628-0252; permanent representative to the UN is Rashid ALIMOV chief of mission: Ambassador Amadou L. BA


chancery: 2112 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 234-0540


FAX: [1] (202) 332-6315


consulate(s) general: New York
Disputes - international portions of Tajikistan's northern and western border with Uzbekistan and its eastern border with China have not been officially demarcated; territorial dispute with Kyrgyzstan on northern boundary in Isfara Valley area Senegalese separatists disrupt legal border trade with smuggling, cattle rustling, and other illegal activities in Guinea-Bissau
Economic aid - recipient $64.7 million (1995) $362.6 million (2002 est.)
Economy - overview Tajikistan has the lowest per capita GDP among the 15 former Soviet republics. Cotton is the most important crop. Mineral resources, varied but limited in amount, include silver, gold, uranium, and tungsten. Industry consists only of a large aluminum plant, hydropower facilities, and small obsolete factories mostly in light industry and food processing. The Tajikistani economy has been gravely weakened by six years of civil conflict and by the loss of subsidies from Moscow and of markets for its products. Most of its people live in abject poverty. Tajikistan depends on aid from Russia and Uzbekistan and on international humanitarian assistance for much of its basic subsistence needs. The future of Tajikistan's economy and the potential for attracting foreign investment depend upon stability and continued progress in the peace process. In January 1994, Senegal undertook a bold and ambitious economic reform program with the support of the international donor community. This reform began with a 50% devaluation of Senegal's currency, the CFA franc, which is linked at a fixed rate to the French franc. Government price controls and subsidies have been steadily dismantled. After seeing its economy contract by 2.1% in 1993, Senegal made an important turnaround, thanks to the reform program, with real growth in GDP averaging 5% annually during 1995-2001. Annual inflation had been pushed down to less than 1%, but rose to an estimated 3.3% in 2001. Investment rose steadily from 13.8% of GDP in 1993 to 16.5% in 1997. As a member of the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), Senegal is working toward greater regional integration with a unified external tariff. Senegal also realized full Internet connectivity in 1996, creating a miniboom in information technology-based services. Private activity now accounts for 82% of GDP. On the negative side, Senegal faces deep-seated urban problems of chronic unemployment, trade union militancy, juvenile delinquency, and drug addiction.
Electricity - consumption 14.729 billion kWh (1999) 1.228 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports 3.9 billion kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports 4.1 billion kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production 15.623 billion kWh (1999) 1.32 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
1.9%

hydro:
98.1%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Syrdariya 300 m

highest point:
Pik Imeni Ismail Samani 7,495 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed feature near Nepen Diakha 581 m
Environment - current issues inadequate sanitation facilities; increasing levels of soil salinity; industrial pollution; excessive pesticides; part of the basin of the shrinking Aral Sea suffers from severe overutilization of available water for irrigation and associated pollution wildlife populations threatened by poaching; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; overfishing
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Environmental Modification, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified:
none of the selected agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: Marine Dumping
Ethnic groups Tajik 64.9%, Uzbek 25%, Russian 3.5% (declining because of emigration), other 6.6% Wolof 43.3%, Pular 23.8%, Serer 14.7%, Jola 3.7%, Mandinka 3%, Soninke 1.1%, European and Lebanese 1%, other 9.4%
Exchange rates Tajikistani somoni per US dollar - 2.2 (January 2001), 1550 (January 2000), 998 (January 1999), 350 (January 1997), 284 (January 1996)

note:
the new unit of exchange was introduced on 30 October 2000, with one somoni equal to 1,000 of the old Tajikistani rubles
Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 742.79 (January 2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997); note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro
Executive branch chief of state:
President Emomali RAHMONOV (since 6 November 1994; head of state and Supreme Assembly chairman since 19 November 1992)

head of government:
Prime Minister Oqil OQILOV (since 20 January 1999)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president, approved by the Supreme Assembly

elections:
president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; election last held 6 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2006); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
Emomali RAHMONOV elected president; percent of vote - Emomali RAHMONOV 97%, Davlat USMON 2%
chief of state: President Abdoulaye WADE (since 1 April 2000)


head of government: Prime Minister Idrissa SECK (since 4 November 2002)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister in consultation with the president


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term under new constitution; election last held 27 February and 19 March 2000 (next to be held 27 February 2005); prime minister appointed by the president


election results: Abdoulaye WADE elected president; percent of vote in the second round of voting - Abdoulaye WADE (PDS) 58.49%, Abdou DIOUF (PS) 41.51%
Exports $761 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $1 billion f.o.b. (2001)
Exports - commodities aluminum, electricity, cotton, fruits, vegetable oil, textiles fish, groundnuts (peanuts), petroleum products, phosphates, cotton
Exports - partners Liechtenstein 26%, Uzbekistan 20%, Russia 8% (1998) France 19%, Italy 12%, Spain 6%, Cote d'Ivoire 2% (2000)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a gold crown surmounted by seven gold, five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red with a small green five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
GDP purchasing power parity - $7.3 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $16.2 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
19.8%

industry:
18.1%

services:
62.1% (1998)
agriculture: 19%


industry: 21%


services: 61% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $1,140 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $1,580 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 5.1% (2000 est.) 5.7% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 39 00 N, 71 00 E 14 00 N, 14 00 W
Geography - note landlocked westernmost country on the African continent; The Gambia is almost an enclave of Senegal
Highways total:
29,900 km

paved:
21,400 km (these roads are said to be hard-surfaced, and include, in addition to conventionally paved roads, some that are surfaced with gravel or other coarse aggregate, making them trafficable in all weather)

unpaved:
8,500 km (these roads are made of unstabilized earth and are difficult to negotiate in wet weather) (1990)
total: 14,576 km


paved: 4,271 km


unpaved: 10,305 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%: 1%


highest 10%: 43% (1991)
Illicit drugs major transshipment zone for heroin and opiates from Afghanistan going to Russia and Western Europe; limited illicit cultivation of cannabis, mostly for domestic consumption transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin moving to Europe and North America; illicit cultivator of cannabis
Imports $782 million (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $1.3 billion f.o.b. (2001)
Imports - commodities electricity, petroleum products, aluminum oxide, machinery and equipment, foodstuffs foods and beverages, consumer goods, capital goods, petroleum products
Imports - partners Europe 32.3%, Uzbekistan 29%, Russia 13.6% (1998) France 27%, Nigeria 19%, Germany 4%, US 4%, Italy 3% (2000)
Independence 9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union) 4 April 1960 (from France); complete independence was achieved upon dissolution of federation with Mali on 20 August 1960
Industrial production growth rate 10% (2000 est.) 5.2% (2000 est.)
Industries aluminum, zinc, lead, chemicals and fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil, metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and freezers agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining, fertilizer production, petroleum refining, construction materials
Infant mortality rate 116.09 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 55.41 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 33% (2000 est.) 3.3% (2001 est.)
International organization participation AsDB, CCC, CIS, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, ECO, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Intelsat, IOC, IOM, ITU, OIC, OPCW, OSCE, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer) ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, FZ, G-15, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITU, MIPONUH, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOVIC, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) NA 1 (2002)
Irrigated land 6,390 sq km (1993 est.) 710 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the president) Constitutional Court; Council of State; Court of Final Appeals or Cour de Cassation; Court of Appeals; note-the judicial system was reformed in 1992
Labor force 1.9 million (1996) NA
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 50%, industry 20%, services 30% (1997 est.) agriculture 70%
Land boundaries total:
3,651 km

border countries:
Afghanistan 1,206 km, China 414 km, Kyrgyzstan 870 km, Uzbekistan 1,161 km
total: 2,640 km


border countries: The Gambia 740 km, Guinea 330 km, Guinea-Bissau 338 km, Mali 419 km, Mauritania 813 km
Land use arable land:
6%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
25%

forests and woodland:
4%

other:
65% (1993 est.)
arable land: 11.58%


permanent crops: 0.19%


other: 88.23% (1998 est.)
Languages Tajik (official), Russian widely used in government and business French (official), Wolof, Pulaar, Jola, Mandinka
Legal system based on civil law system; no judicial review of legislative acts based on French civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Court; the Council of State audits the government's accounting office; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch bicameral Supreme Assembly or Majlisi Oli consists of the Assembly of Representatives (lower chamber) or Majlisi Namoyandagon (63 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and National Assembly (upper chamber) or Majlisi Milliy (33 seats; members are indirectly elected, 25 selected by local deputies, 8 appointed by the president; all to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 27 February and 12 March 2000 for the Assembly of Representatives (next to be held NA 2005) and 23 March 2000 for the National Assembly (next to be held NA 2005)

election results:
Assembly of Representatives - percent of vote by party - PDPT 65%, Communist Party 20%, Islamic Rebirth Party 7.5%, other 7.5%; seats by party - NA; National Assembly - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA
unicameral National Assembly or Assemblee Nationale (120 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve five-year terms)


note: the former National Assembly, dissolved in the spring of 2001, had 140 seats


elections: last held 29 April 2001 (next to be held NA 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - SOPI Coalition 89, AFP 11, PS 10, other 10
Life expectancy at birth total population:
64.18 years

male:
61.09 years

female:
67.42 years (2001 est.)
total population: 62.93 years


male: 61.29 years


female: 64.61 years (2002 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
98%

male:
99%

female:
97% (1989 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 39.1%


male: 51.1%


female: 28.9% (2001 est.)
Location Central Asia, west of China Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania
Map references Commonwealth of Independent States Africa
Maritime claims none (landlocked) contiguous zone: 24 NM


continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Military branches Army, Air Force, Air Defense Forces, Presidential National Guard, Security Forces (internal and border troops) Army, Navy, Air Force, National Gendarmerie, National Police (Surete Nationale)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $17 million (FY97) $68.6 million (FY02)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.8% (FY97) 1.4% (FY02)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
1,586,700 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 2,406,337 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
1,300,252 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 1,257,423 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age 18 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
72,056 (2001 est.)
males: 114,189 (2002 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 9 September (1991) Independence Day, 4 April (1960)
Nationality noun:
Tajikistani(s)

adjective:
Tajikistani
noun: Senegalese (singular and plural)


adjective: Senegalese
Natural hazards NA lowlands seasonally flooded; periodic droughts
Natural resources hydropower, some petroleum, uranium, mercury, brown coal, lead, zinc, antimony, tungsten, silver, gold fish, phosphates, iron ore
Net migration rate -3.49 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 0.21 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines natural gas 400 km (1992) -
Political parties and leaders Congress of People's Unity of Tajikistan [Saiffidin TURAYEV]; Democratic Party or TDP [Mahmadruzi ISKANDAROV, chairman]; Islamic Rebirth Party [Muhammadsharif HIMMAT-ZODA, chairman]; Lali Badakhshan Movement [Atobek AMIRBEKOV]; National Movement Party [Hakim MUHHABATOV]; Party of Justice and Development [Rahmatullo ZOIROV]; People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali RAHMONOV]; Rastokhez (Rebirth) Movement [Tohiri ABDUJABBOR]; Socialist Party [Sherali KENJAEV]; Tajik Communist Party or CPT [Shodi SHABDOLOV]; Adolatho "Justice" Party [Abdurahmon KARIMOV, chairman] African Party for Democracy and Socialism or And Jef (also known as PADS/AJ) [Landing SAVANE, secretary general]; African Party of Independence [Majhemout DIOP]; Alliance of Forces of Progress or AFP [Moustapha NIASSE]; Democratic and Patriotic Convention or CDP (also known as Garab-Gi) [Dr. Iba Der THIAM]; Democratic League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT [Dr. Abdoulaye BATHILY]; Front for Socialism and Democracy or FSD [Cheikh Abdoulaye DIEYE]; Gainde Centrist Bloc or BGC [Jean-Paul DIAS]; Independence and Labor Party or PIT [Amath DANSOKHO]; National Democratic Rally or RND [Madier DIOUF]; Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS [Abdoulaye WADE]; Socialist Party or PS [Ousmane Tanor DIENG]; SOPI Coalition (a coalition led by the PDS) [Abdoulaye WADE]; Union for Democratic Renewal or URD [Djibo Leyti KA]; other small parties
Political pressure groups and leaders NA labor; Muslim brotherhoods; students; teachers
Population 6,578,681 (July 2001 est.) 10,589,571 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line 80% (2000 est.) 54% (2001 est.)
Population growth rate 2.12% (2001 est.) 2.91% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors none Dakar, Kaolack, Matam, Podor, Richard Toll, Saint-Louis, Ziguinchor
Radio broadcast stations AM 9, FM 6, shortwave 5 (1998) AM 8, FM 20, shortwave 1 (2001)
Radios 1.291 million (1991) 1.24 million (1997)
Railways total:
480 km in common carrier service; does not include industrial lines (1990)
total: 906 km


narrow gauge: 906 km 1.000-meter gauge (70 km double-tracked) (2001)
Religions Sunni Muslim 80%, Shi'a Muslim 5% Muslim 94%, indigenous beliefs 1%, Christian 5% (mostly Roman Catholic)
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.99 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.76 male(s)/female

total population:
0.99 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.97 male(s)/female


total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
poorly developed and not well maintained; many towns are not reached by the national network

domestic:
cable and microwave radio relay

international:
linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics and by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; Dushanbe linked by Intelsat to international gateway switch in Ankara (Turkey); satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita and 2 Intelsat
general assessment: good system


domestic: above-average urban system; microwave radio relay, coaxial cable and fiber-optic cable in trunk system


international: 4 submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 363,000 (1997) 234,916 (2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular 2,500 (1997) 373,965 (2001)
Television broadcast stations 0 (there are, however, repeaters that relay programs from Russia, Iran, and Turkey) (1997) 1 (1997)
Terrain Pamir and Alay mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in southeast
Total fertility rate 4.29 children born/woman (2001 est.) 5.03 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate 5.7% includes only officially registered unemployed; also large numbers of underemployed workers and unregistered unemployed people (December 1998) 48% (urban youth 40%) (2001 est.)
Waterways none 897 km


note: 785 km on the Senegal river, and 112 km on the Saloum river
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