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Compare Sweden (2004) - Brunei (2005)

Compare Sweden (2004) z Brunei (2005)

 Sweden (2004)Brunei (2005)
 SwedenBrunei
Administrative divisions 21 counties (lan, singular and plural); Blekinge, Dalarnas, Gavleborgs, Gotlands, Hallands, Jamtlands, Jonkopings, Kalmar, Kronobergs, Norrbottens, Orebro, Ostergotlands, Skane, Sodermanlands, Stockholms, Uppsala, Varmlands, Vasterbottens, Vasternorrlands, Vastmanlands, Vastra Gotalands 4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei and Muara, Temburong, Tutong
Age structure 0-14 years: 17.5% (male 807,193; female 762,882)


15-64 years: 65.2% (male 2,974,107; female 2,886,840)


65 years and over: 17.3% (male 668,719; female 886,659) (2004 est.)
0-14 years: 28.6% (male 54,342/female 52,084)


15-64 years: 68.4% (male 134,908/female 119,814)


65 years and over: 3% (male 5,301/female 5,912) (2005 est.)
Agriculture - products barley, wheat, sugar beets; meat, milk rice, vegetables, fruits, chickens, water buffalo
Airports 255 (2003 est.) 2 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 154


over 3,047 m: 3


2,438 to 3,047 m: 12


1,524 to 2,437 m: 82


914 to 1,523 m: 22


under 914 m: 35 (2004 est.)
total: 1


over 3,047 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 100


914 to 1,523 m: 10


under 914 m: 90 (2004 est.)
total: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area total: 449,964 sq km


land: 410,934 sq km


water: 39,030 sq km
total: 5,770 sq km


land: 5,270 sq km


water: 500 sq km
Area - comparative slightly larger than California slightly smaller than Delaware
Background A military power during the 17th century, Sweden has not participated in any war in almost two centuries. An armed neutrality was preserved in both World Wars. Sweden's long-successful economic formula of a capitalist system interlarded with substantial welfare elements was challenged in the 1990s by high unemployment and in 2000-02 by the global economic downturn, but fiscal discipline over the past several years has allowed the country to weather economic vagaries. Indecision over the country's role in the political and economic integration of Europe delayed Sweden's entry into the EU until 1995, and waived the introduction of the euro in 1999. The Sultanate of Brunei's influence peaked between the 15th and 17th centuries when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. The same family has ruled Brunei for over six centuries. Brunei benefits from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields, the source of one of the highest per capita GDPs in the developing world.
Birth rate 10.46 births/1,000 population (2004 est.) 19.01 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Budget revenues: $177.7 billion


expenditures: $176.9 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.)
revenues: $4.9 billion


expenditures: $4.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.35 billion (2003 est.)
Capital Stockholm Bandar Seri Begawan
Climate temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north tropical; hot, humid, rainy
Coastline 3,218 km 161 km
Constitution 1 January 1975 29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984)
Country name conventional long form: Kingdom of Sweden


conventional short form: Sweden


local long form: Konungariket Sverige


local short form: Sverige
conventional long form: Negara Brunei Darussalam


conventional short form: Brunei
Currency Swedish krona (SEK) -
Death rate 10.38 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.) 3.42 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Debt - external $66.5 billion (1994) $0
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador M. Teel BIVINS


embassy: Dag Hammarskjolds VAG 31, SE-11589 Stockholm


mailing address: American Embassy Stockholm, Department of State, 5750 Stockholm Place, Washington, DC 20521-5750 (pouch)


telephone: [46] (08) 783 53 00


FAX: [46] (08) 661 19 64
chief of mission: Ambassador Emil SKODON


embassy: Third Floor, Teck Guan Plaza, Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan


mailing address: PSC 470 (BSB), FPO AP 96507


telephone: [673] (2) 229670


FAX: [673] (2) 225293
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Jan ELIASSON


chancery: 1501 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20005-1702


telephone: [1] (202) 467-2600


FAX: [1] (202) 467-2699


consulate(s) general: Los Angeles and New York
chief of mission: Ambassador Pengiran Anak Dato PUTEH


chancery: 3520 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 237-1838


FAX: [1] (202) 885-0560
Disputes - international none in 2003 Brunei and Malaysia ceased gas and oil exploration in their disputed offshore and deepwater seabeds and negotiations have stalemated prompting consideration of international legal adjudication; Malaysia's land boundary with Brunei around Limbang is in dispute; Brunei established an exclusive economic fishing zone encompassing Louisa Reef in southern Spratly Islands in 1984 but makes no public territorial claim to the offshore reefs; the 2002 "Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea" has eased tensions in the Spratly Islands but falls short of a legally binding "code of conduct" desired by several of the disputants
Economic aid - donor ODA, $1.7 billion (1997) -
Economic aid - recipient - NA
Economy - overview Aided by peace and neutrality for the whole 20th century, Sweden has achieved an enviable standard of living under a mixed system of high-tech capitalism and extensive welfare benefits. It has a modern distribution system, excellent internal and external communications, and a skilled labor force. Timber, hydropower, and iron ore constitute the resource base of an economy heavily oriented toward foreign trade. Privately owned firms account for about 90% of industrial output, of which the engineering sector accounts for 50% of output and exports. Agriculture accounts for only 2% of GDP and 2% of the jobs. The government's commitment to fiscal discipline resulted in a substantial budgetary surplus in 2001, which was cut by more than half in 2002, due to the global economic slowdown, declining revenue, and increased spending. The Swedish central bank (the Riksbank) is focusing on price stability with its inflation target of 2%. Growth remained sluggish in 2003. On September 14, 2003, Swedish voters turned down entry into the euro system, concerned about the impact on democracy and sovereignty. This small, well-to-do economy encompasses a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation, welfare measures, and village tradition. Crude oil and natural gas production account for nearly half of GDP. Per capita GDP is far above most other Third World countries, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and free education through the university level and subsidizes rice and housing. Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion, although it became a more prominent player by serving as chairman for the 2000 APEC (Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation) forum. Plans for the future include upgrading the labor force, reducing unemployment, strengthening the banking and tourist sectors, and, in general, further widening the economic base beyond oil and gas.
Electricity - consumption 134.9 billion kWh (2001) 2.286 billion kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports 18.45 billion kWh (2001) 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports 11.14 billion kWh (2001) 0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production 152.9 billion kWh (2001) 2.458 billion kWh (2002)
Elevation extremes lowest point: reclaimed bay of Lake Hammarsjon, near Kristianstad -2.41 m


highest point: Kebnekaise 2,111 m
lowest point: South China Sea 0 m


highest point: Bukit Pagon 1,850 m
Environment - current issues acid rain damage to soils and lakes; pollution of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia
Environment - international agreements party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulfur 85, Air Pollution-Sulfur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
party to: Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups indigenous population: Swedes and Finnish and Sami minorities; foreign-born or first-generation immigrants: Finns, Yugoslavs, Danes, Norwegians, Greeks, Turks Malay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%, other 12%
Exchange rates Swedish kronor per US dollar - 8.0853 (2003), 9.7371 (2002), 10.3291 (2001), 9.1622 (2000), 8.2624 (1999) Bruneian dollars per US dollar - 1.6902 (2004), 1.7422 (2003), 1.7906 (2002), 1.7917 (2001), 1.724 (2000)
Executive branch chief of state: King CARL XVI GUSTAF (since 19 September 1973); Heir Apparent Princess VICTORIA Ingrid Alice Desiree, daughter of the monarch (born 14 July 1977)


head of government: Prime Minister Goran PERSSON (since 21 March 1996)


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister


elections: the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the prime minister is elected by the Parliament; election last held 15 September 2002 (next to be held NA September 2006)


election results: Goran PERSSON reelected prime minister with 131 out of 349 votes
chief of state: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Council of Cabinet Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch; deals with executive matters; note - there is also a Religious Council (members appointed by the monarch) that advises on religious matters, a Privy Council (members appointed by the monarch) that deals with constitutional matters, and the Council of Succession (members appointed by the monarch) that determines the succession to the throne if the need arises


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary
Exports 203,700 bbl/day (2001) 199,000 bbl/day (2003)
Exports - commodities machinery 35%, motor vehicles, paper products, pulp and wood, iron and steel products, chemicals crude oil, natural gas, refined products
Exports - partners US 11.5%, Germany 10%, Norway 8.4%, UK 7.8%, Denmark 6.4%, Finland 5.7%, Netherlands 4.9%, France 4.9%, Belgium 4.5% (2003) Japan 38.1%, South Korea 14%, Australia 11.2%, US 8.6%, Thailand 7.9%, Indonesia 5.9%, China 4.5% (2004)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description blue with a golden yellow cross extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag) yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands
GDP purchasing power parity - $238.3 billion (2003 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 2%


industry: 29%


services: 69% (2001)
agriculture: 5%


industry: 45%


services: 50% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $26,800 (2003 est.) purchasing power parity - $23,600 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 1.7% (2003 est.) 3.2% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates 62 00 N, 15 00 E 4 30 N, 114 40 E
Geography - note strategic location along Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave of Malaysia
Heliports 2 (2003 est.) 3 (2004 est.)
Highways total: 212,402 km


paved: 166,523 km (including 1,499 km of expressways)


unpaved: 45,879 km (2000)
total: 2,525 km


paved: 2,525 km


unpaved: 0 km (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 3.7%


highest 10%: 20.1% (1992)
lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
Illicit drugs - drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory death penalty
Imports 553,100 bbl/day (2001) NA
Imports - commodities machinery, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel; foodstuffs, clothing machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals
Imports - partners Germany 18.7%, Denmark 9%, UK 8%, Norway 8%, Netherlands 6.8%, Finland 5.6%, France 5.5%, Belgium 4.2% (2003) Singapore 32.7%, Malaysia 21.2%, UK 8.3%, Japan 7.2% (2004)
Independence 6 June 1523 (Gustav VASA elected king) 1 January 1984 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 1.9% (2003 est.) 5% (2002 est.)
Industries iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction
Infant mortality rate total: 2.77 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 2.93 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 2.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
total: 12.61 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 15.93 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 9.1 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1.9% (2003 est.) 0.3% (2003 est.)
International organization participation AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 6, G- 9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM (guest), NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIK, UNMIL, UNMISET, UNMOGIP, UNOMIG, UNTSO, UPU, WCO, WEU (observer), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC APEC, APT, ARF, ASEAN, C, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Irrigated land 1,150 sq km (1998 est.) 10 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Hogsta Domstolen (judges are appointed by the prime minister and the cabinet) Supreme Court (chief justice and judges are sworn in by the monarch for three-year terms)
Labor force 4.449 million (2003 est.) 158,000


note: includes foreign workers and military personnel; temporary residents make up about 40% of labor force (2002 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 2%, industry 24%, services 74% (2000 est.) agriculture, forestry, and fishing 10%, production of oil, natural gas, services, and construction 42%, government 48% (1999 est.)
Land boundaries total: 2,233 km


border countries: Finland 614 km, Norway 1,619 km
total: 381 km


border countries: Malaysia 381 km
Land use arable land: 6.54%


permanent crops: 0.01%


other: 93.45% (2001)
arable land: 0.57%


permanent crops: 0.76%


other: 98.67% (2001)
Languages Swedish


note: small Sami- and Finnish-speaking minorities
Malay (official), English, Chinese
Legal system civil law system influenced by customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations based on English common law; for Muslims, Islamic Shari'a law supersedes civil law in a number of areas
Legislative branch unicameral Parliament or Riksdag (349 seats; members are elected by popular vote on a proportional representation basis to serve four-year terms)


elections: last held 15 September 2002 (next to be held NA September 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - Social Democrats 39.8%, Moderates 15.2%, Liberal Party 13.3%, Christian Democrats 9.1%, Left Party 8.3%, Center Party 6.1%, Greens 4.6%; seats by party - Social Democrats 144, Moderates 55, Liberal Party 48, Christian Democrats 33, Left Party 30, Center Party 22, Greens 17
Legislative Council met on 25 September 2004 for first time in 20 years with 21 members appointed by the Sultan; passed constitutional amendments calling for a 45-seat council with 15 elected members; Sultan dissolved council on 1 September 2005 and appointed a new council with 29 members as of 2 September 2005


elections: last held in March 1962 (date of next election NA)
Life expectancy at birth total population: 80.3 years


male: 78.12 years


female: 82.62 years (2004 est.)
total population: 74.8 years


male: 72.36 years


female: 77.36 years (2005 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 99% (1979 est.)


male: NA


female: NA
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 93.9%


male: 96.3%


female: 91.4% (2002)
Location Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, Kattegat, and Skagerrak, between Finland and Norway Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia
Map references Europe Southeast Asia
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm (adjustments made to return a portion of straits to high seas)


exclusive economic zone: agreed boundaries or midlines


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
territorial sea: 12 nm


exclusive economic zone: 200 nm or to median line
Merchant marine total: 178 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 2,702,763 GRT/1,884,570 DWT


by type: bulk 7, cargo 36, chemical tanker 31, combination bulk 1, combination ore/oil 1, petroleum tanker 25, roll on/roll off 39, short-sea/passenger 8, specialized tanker 7, vehicle carrier 23


foreign-owned: Denmark 12, Finland 10, Germany 3, Italy 7, Japan 2, Netherlands 1, Norway 12, Russia 1


registered in other countries: 154 (2004 est.)
total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 465,937 GRT/413,393 DWT


by type: liquefied gas 8


foreign-owned: 8 (United Kingdom 8) (2005)
Military branches Army, Royal Navy, Air Force (Flygvapnet) Royal Brunei Armed Forces: Royal Brunei Land Forces, Royal Brunei Navy, Royal Brunei Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $4.395 billion (FY01) $290.7 million (2004)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 2.1% (FY01) 5.1% (2004)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 2,082,776 (2004 est.) -
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 1,821,394 (2004 est.) -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 56,859 (2004 est.) -
National holiday Flag Day, 6 June National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection
Nationality noun: Swede(s)


adjective: Swedish
noun: Bruneian(s)


adjective: Bruneian
Natural hazards ice floes in the surrounding waters, especially in the Gulf of Bothnia, can interfere with maritime traffic typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are rare
Natural resources iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, tungsten, uranium, arsenic, feldspar, timber, hydropower petroleum, natural gas, timber
Net migration rate 1.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.) 3.45 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)
Pipelines gas 798 km (2004) gas 665 km; oil 439 km (2004)
Political parties and leaders Center Party [Maud OLOFSSON]; Christian Democratic Party [Goran HAGGLUND]; Green Party [no formal leader but party spokespersons are Maria WETTERSTRAND and Peter ERIKSSON]; Left Party or V (formerly Communist) [Lars OHLY]; Liberal People's Party [Lars LEIJONBORG]; Moderate Party (conservative) [Fredrik REINFELDT]; Social Democratic Party [Goran PERSSON] National Development Party (NDP) [Yassin AFFENDI]; National Unity Party of Brunei (PPKB) [leader NA]; People's Awareness Party (PAKAR) [leader NA]


note: parties are small and inactive (2005)
Political pressure groups and leaders NA NA
Population 8,986,400 (July 2004 est.) 372,361 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line NA NA
Population growth rate 0.18% (2004 est.) 1.9% (2005 est.)
Ports and harbors Gavle, Goteborg, Halmstad, Helsingborg, Hudiksvall, Kalmar, Karlshamn, Lulea, Malmo, Solvesborg, Stockholm, Sundsvall Lumut, Muara, Seria
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 265, shortwave 1 (1998) AM 3, FM 10, shortwave 0 (1998)
Railways total: 11,481 km


standard gauge: 11,481 km 1.435-m gauge (7,527 km electrified) (2003)
-
Religions Lutheran 87%, Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Baptist, Muslim, Jewish, Buddhist Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs and other 10%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female


total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.13 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female


total population: 1.09 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal none
Telephone system general assessment: excellent domestic and international facilities; automatic system


domestic: coaxial and multiconductor cables carry most of the voice traffic; parallel microwave radio relay systems carry some additional telephone channels


international: country code - 46; 5 submarine coaxial cables; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Sweden shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Norway)
general assessment: service throughout the country is excellent; international service is good to East Asia, Europe, and the US


domestic: every service available


international: country code - 673; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean); digital submarine cable links to Malaysia, the Philippines, and Singapore (2001)
Telephones - main lines in use 6,579,200 (2002) 90,000 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular 7.949 million (2002) 137,000 (2002)
Television broadcast stations 169 (plus 1,299 repeaters) (1995) 2 (1997)
Terrain mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west
Total fertility rate 1.66 children born/woman (2004 est.) 2.3 children born/woman (2005 est.)
Unemployment rate 4.9% (2003 est.) 3.2% (2002 est.)
Waterways - 209 km (navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m) (2004)
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