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Compare Sweden (2001) - Bahrain (2006)

Compare Sweden (2001) z Bahrain (2006)

 Sweden (2001)Bahrain (2006)
 SwedenBahrain
Administrative divisions 21 counties (lan, singular and plural); Blekinge, Dalarnas, Gavleborgs, Gotlands, Hallands, Jamtlands, Jonkopings, Kalmar, Kronobergs, Norrbottens, Orebro, Ostergotlands, Skane, Sodermanlands, Stockholms, Uppsala, Varmlands, Vasterbottens, Vasternorrlands, Vastmanlands, Vastra Gotalands 5 governorates; Asamah, Janubiyah, Muharraq, Shamaliyah, Wasat


note: each governorate administered by an appointed governor
Age structure 0-14 years:
18.19% (male 828,308; female 786,353)

15-64 years:
64.53% (male 2,911,949; female 2,814,730)

65 years and over:
17.28% (male 649,296; female 884,417) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 27.4% (male 96,567/female 94,650)


15-64 years: 69.1% (male 280,272/female 202,451)


65 years and over: 3.5% (male 12,753/female 11,892) (2006 est.)
Agriculture - products grains, sugar beets, potatoes; meat, milk fruit, vegetables; poultry, dairy products; shrimp, fish
Airports 255 (2000 est.) 3 (2006)
Airports - with paved runways total:
147

over 3,047 m:
3

2,438 to 3,047 m:
11

1,524 to 2,437 m:
80

914 to 1,523 m:
28

under 914 m:
25 (2000 est.)
total: 3


over 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2006)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
108

914 to 1,523 m:
5

under 914 m:
103 (2000 est.)
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Area total:
449,964 sq km

land:
410,934 sq km

water:
39,030 sq km
total: 665 sq km


land: 665 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly larger than California 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC
Background A military power during the 17th century, Sweden has not participated in any war in almost two centuries. An armed neutrality was preserved in both World Wars. Sweden's long-successful economic formula of a capitalist system interlarded with substantial welfare elements has recently been undermined by high unemployment, rising maintenance costs, and a declining position in world markets. Indecision over the country's role in the political and economic integration of Europe caused Sweden not to join the EU until 1995, and to forgo the introduction of the euro in 1999. In 1782, the Al Khalifa family captured Bahrain from the Persians. In order to secure these holdings, it entered into a series of treaties with the UK during the 19th century that made Bahrain a British protectorate. The archipelago attained its independence in 1971. Bahrain's small size and central location among Persian Gulf countries require it to play a delicate balancing act in foreign affairs among its larger neighbors. Facing declining oil reserves, Bahrain has turned to petroleum processing and refining and has transformed itself into an international banking center. Sheikh HAMAD bin Isa Al Khalifa, who came to power in 1999, has pushed economic and political reforms and has worked to improve relations with the Shia community. In February 2001, Bahraini voters approved a referendum on the National Action Charter - the centerpiece of Sheikh HAMAD's political liberalization program. In February 2002, Sheikh HAMAD pronounced Bahrain a constitutional monarchy and changed his status from amir to king. In October 2002, Bahrainis elected members of the lower house of Bahrain's reconstituted bicameral legislature, the National Assembly.
Birth rate 9.91 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 17.8 births/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Budget revenues:
$133 billion

expenditures:
$125.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2000 est.)
revenues: $4.662 billion


expenditures: $3.447 billion; including capital expenditures of $700 million (2005 est.)
Capital Stockholm name: Manama


geographic coordinates: 26 13 N, 50 35 E


time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Climate temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers
Coastline 3,218 km 161 km
Constitution 1 January 1975 new constitution 14 February 2002
Country name conventional long form:
Kingdom of Sweden

conventional short form:
Sweden

local long form:
Konungariket Sverige

local short form:
Sverige
conventional long form: Kingdom of Bahrain


conventional short form: Bahrain


local long form: Mamlakat al Bahrayn


local short form: Al Bahrayn


former: Dilmun
Currency Swedish krona (SEK) -
Death rate 10.61 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 4.14 deaths/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Debt - external $66.5 billion (1994) $6.814 billion (2005 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Lyndon Lowell OLSON, Jr.

embassy:
Dag Hammarskjolds VAG 31, SE-11589 Stockholm

mailing address:
American Embassy Stockholm, Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-5750 (pouch)

telephone:
[46] (8) 783 53 00

FAX:
[46] (8) 661 19 64
chief of mission: Ambassador William T. MONROE


embassy: Building #979, Road 3119 (next to Al-Ahli Sports Club), Block 331, Zinj District, Manama


mailing address: American Embassy Manama, PSC 451, FPO AE 09834-5100; international mail: American Embassy, Box 26431, Manama


telephone: [973] 1724-2700


FAX: [973] 1727-0547
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Jan ELIASSON

chancery:
1501 M Street NW, Washington, DC 20005-1702

telephone:
[1] (202) 467-2600

FAX:
[1] (202) 467-2699

consulate(s) general:
Los Angeles and New York
chief of mission: Ambassador Nasir bin Muhammad al-BALUSHI


chancery: 3502 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 342-1111


FAX: [1] (202) 362-2192


consulate(s) general: New York
Disputes - international none none
Economic aid - donor ODA, $1.7 billion (1997) -
Economic aid - recipient - $150 million; note - $50 million annually since 1992 from the UAE and Kuwait (2002)
Economy - overview Aided by peace and neutrality for the whole twentieth century, Sweden has achieved an enviable standard of living under a mixed system of high-tech capitalism and extensive welfare benefits. It has a modern distribution system, excellent internal and external communications, and a skilled labor force. Timber, hydropower, and iron ore constitute the resource base of an economy heavily oriented toward foreign trade. Privately owned firms account for about 90% of industrial output, of which the engineering sector accounts for 50% of output and exports. Agriculture accounts for only 2% of GDP and 2% of the jobs. In recent years, however, this extraordinarily favorable picture has been somewhat clouded by budgetary difficulties, high unemployment, and a gradual loss of competitiveness in international markets. Sweden has harmonized its economic policies with those of the EU, which it joined at the start of 1995. GDP growth is forecast for 4% in 2001. Petroleum production and refining account for about 60% of Bahrain's export receipts, 60% of government revenues, and 30% of GDP. With its highly developed communication and transport facilities, Bahrain is home to numerous multinational firms with business in the Gulf. A large share of exports consists of petroleum products made from refining imported crude. Construction proceeds on several major industrial projects. Unemployment, especially among the young, and the depletion of oil and underground water resources are major long-term economic problems. In 2005 Bahrain and the US ratified a Free Trade Agreement (FTA), the first FTA between the US and a Gulf state.
Electricity - consumption 128.819 billion kWh (1999) 6.83 billion kWh (2003)
Electricity - exports 15.9 billion kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - imports 8.35 billion kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2003)
Electricity - production 146.633 billion kWh (1999) 7.345 billion kWh (2003)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
5.53%

hydro:
47.24%

nuclear:
45.42%

other:
1.81% (1999)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Baltic Sea 0 m

highest point:
Kebnekaise 2,111 m
lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m


highest point: Jabal ad Dukhan 122 m
Environment - current issues acid rain damaging soils and lakes; pollution of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea desertification resulting from the degradation of limited arable land, periods of drought, and dust storms; coastal degradation (damage to coastlines, coral reefs, and sea vegetation) resulting from oil spills and other discharges from large tankers, oil refineries, and distribution stations; lack of freshwater resources, groundwater and seawater are the only sources for all water needs
Environment - international agreements party to:
Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling

signed, but not ratified:
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups indigenous population: Swedes and Finnish and Sami minorities; foreign-born or first-generation immigrants: Finns, Yugoslavs, Danes, Norwegians, Greeks, Turks Bahraini 62.4%, non-Bahraini 37.6% (2001 census)
Exchange rates Swedish kronor per US dollar - 9.4669 (January 2001), 9.1622 (2000), 8.2624 (1999), 7.9499 (1998), 7.6349 (1997), 6.7060 (1996) Bahraini dinars per US dollar - 0.376 (2005), 0.376 (2004), 0.376 (2003), 0.376 (2002), 0.376 (2001)
Executive branch chief of state:
King CARL XVI GUSTAF (since 19 September 1973); Heir Apparent Princess VICTORIA Ingrid Alice Desiree, daughter of the monarch (born 14 July 1977)

head of government:
Prime Minister Goran PERSSON (since 21 March 1996)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the prime minister

elections:
the monarch is hereditary; prime minister elected by the Parliament; election last held NA September 1998 (next to be held NA 2002)

election results:
Goran PERSSON reelected prime minister with 131 out of 349 votes
chief of state: King HAMAD bin Isa al-Khalifa (since 6 March 1999); Heir Apparent Crown Prince SALMAN bin Hamad (son of the monarch, born 21 October 1969)


head of government: Prime Minister KHALIFA bin Salman al-Khalifa (since 1971); Deputy Prime Ministers ALI bin Khalifa bin Salman al-Khalifa, MUHAMMAD bin Mubarak al-Khalifa, Jawad al-ARAIDH


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch


elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch
Exports $95.5 billion (f.o.b., 2000) NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities machinery 35%, motor vehicles, paper products, pulp and wood, iron and steel products, chemicals petroleum and petroleum products, aluminum, textiles
Exports - partners EU 55% (Germany 11%, UK 10%, Denmark 6%, Finland 5%, France 5%), US 9%, Norway 8% (1999) Saudi Arabia 3.3%, US 2.6%, UAE 2.3% (2005)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description blue with a yellow cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag) red, the traditional color for flags of Persian Gulf states, with a white serrated band (five white points) on the hoist side; the five points represent the five pillars of Islam
GDP purchasing power parity - $197 billion (2000 est.) -
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
2.2%

industry:
27.9%

services:
69.9% (1999)
agriculture: 0.5%


industry: 38.7%


services: 60.8% (2005 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $22,200 (2000 est.) -
GDP - real growth rate 4.3% (2000 est.) 5.9% (2005 est.)
Geographic coordinates 62 00 N, 15 00 E 26 00 N, 50 33 E
Geography - note strategic location along Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas close to primary Middle Eastern petroleum sources; strategic location in Persian Gulf, through which much of the Western world's petroleum must transit to reach open ocean
Heliports 1 (2000 est.) 1 (2006)
Highways total:
210,760 km

paved:
162,707 km (including 1,428 km of expressways)

unpaved:
48,053 km (1999)
-
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
3.7%

highest 10%:
20.1% (1992)
lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports $80 billion (f.o.b., 2000) NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities machinery, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel; foodstuffs, clothing crude oil, machinery, chemicals
Imports - partners EU 67% (Germany 18%, UK 10%, Denmark 7%, France 6%), Norway 8%, US 6% (1999) Saudi Arabia 36.4%, Japan 6.6%, Germany 6.4%, US 5.4%, UK 5%, UAE 4.1% (2005)
Independence 6 June 1523 (Gustav VASA elected king) 15 August 1971 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate 7% (2000 est.) 2% (2000 est.)
Industries iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting, iron pelletization, fertilizers, offshore banking, ship repairing, tourism
Infant mortality rate 3.47 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) total: 16.8 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 19.65 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 13.87 deaths/1,000 live births (2006 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1.2% (2000 est.) 2.7% (2005 est.)
International organization participation AfDB, AsDB, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CCC, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECE, EIB, ESA, EU, FAO, G- 6, G- 9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, NAM (guest), NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNITAR, UNMEE, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOGIP, UNMOP, UNOMIG, UNTAET, UNTSO, UPU, WEU (observer), WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO, ZC ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, FAO, G-77, GCC, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDB, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITU, LAS, MIGA, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 29 (2000) -
Irrigated land 1,150 sq km (1993 est.) 40 sq km (2003)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Hogsta Domstolen (judges are appointed by the prime minister and the cabinet) High Civil Appeals Court
Labor force 4.4 million (2000 est.) 380,000


note: 44% of the population in the 15-64 age group is non-national (2005 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 2%, industry 24%, services 74% (2000 est.) agriculture: 1%


industry: 79%


services: 20% (1997 est.)
Land boundaries total:
2,205 km

border countries:
Finland 586 km, Norway 1,619 km
0 km
Land use arable land:
7%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
1%

forests and woodland:
68%

other:
24% (1993 est.)
arable land: 2.82%


permanent crops: 5.63%


other: 91.55% (2005)
Languages Swedish

note:
small Lapp- and Finnish-speaking minorities
Arabic, English, Farsi, Urdu
Legal system civil law system influenced by customary law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations based on Islamic law and English common law
Legislative branch unicameral Parliament or Riksdag (349 seats; members are elected by popular vote on a proportional representation basis to serve four-year terms)

elections:
last held 20 September 1998 (next to be held NA September 2002)

election results:
percent of vote by party - Social Democrats 36.5%, Moderates 22.7%, Left Party 12%, Christian Democrats 11.8%, Center Party 5.1%, Liberal Party 4.7%, Greens 4.5%; seats by party - Social Democrats 131, Moderates 82, Left Party 43, Christian Democrats 42, Center Party 18, Liberal Party 17, Greens 16
bicameral Parliament consists of Shura Council (40 members appointed by the King) and House of Deputies (40 members directly elected to serve four-year terms)


elections: House of Deputies - last held 31 October 2002 (next election to be held in September 2006)


election results: House of Deputies - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - Sunni Islamists 12, Shia grouping 7, other groupings and independents 21


note: first elections since 7 December 1973; unicameral National Assembly dissolved 26 August 1975; National Action Charter created bicameral legislature on 23 December 2000; approved by referendum 14 February 2001; first legislative session of Parliament held on 25 December 2002
Life expectancy at birth total population:
79.71 years

male:
77.07 years

female:
82.5 years (2001 est.)
total population: 74.45 years


male: 71.97 years


female: 77 years (2006 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
99% (1979 est.)

male:
NA%

female:
NA%
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 89.1%


male: 91.9%


female: 85% (2003 est.)
Location Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, Kattegat, and Skagerrak, between Finland and Norway Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia
Map references Europe Middle East
Maritime claims continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:
agreed boundaries or midlines

territorial sea:
12 NM (adjustments made to return a portion of straits to high seas)
territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 24 nm


continental shelf: extending to boundaries to be determined
Merchant marine total:
167 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,205,370 GRT/1,663,091 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 5, cargo 28, chemical tanker 31, combination ore/oil 4, liquefied gas 1, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 29, railcar carrier 1, roll on/roll off 40, short-sea passenger 4, specialized tanker 6, vehicle carrier 17 (2000 est.)
total: 8 ships (1000 GRT or over) 235,449 GRT/339,728 DWT


by type: bulk carrier 4, cargo 1, container 2, petroleum tanker 1


foreign-owned: 3 (Kuwait 3) (2006)
Military branches Swedish Army, Royal Swedish Navy, Swedish Air Force Bahrain Defense Forces (BDF): Ground Force (includes Air Defense), Navy, Air Force, National Guard
Military expenditures - dollar figure $5 billion (FY98) $627.7 million (2005 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 2.1% (FY98) 4.9% (2005 est.)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
2,062,566 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
1,803,995 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - military age 19 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
51,506 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Flag Day, 6 June National Day, 16 December (1971); note - 15 August 1971 is the date of independence from the UK, 16 December 1971 is the date of independence from British protection
Nationality noun:
Swede(s)

adjective:
Swedish
noun: Bahraini(s)


adjective: Bahraini
Natural hazards ice floes in the surrounding waters, especially in the Gulf of Bothnia, can interfere with maritime traffic periodic droughts; dust storms
Natural resources zinc, iron ore, lead, copper, silver, timber, uranium, hydropower oil, associated and nonassociated natural gas, fish, pearls
Net migration rate 0.91 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 0.82 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2006 est.)
Pipelines natural gas 84 km gas 20 km; oil 52 km (2006)
Political parties and leaders Center Party [Lennart DALEUS]; Christian Democratic Party [Alf SVENSSON]; Communist Workers' Party [Rolf HAGEL]; Green Party [no formal leader but party spokesperson is Briger SCHLAUG]; Left Party or VP (formerly Communist) [Gudrun SCHYMAN]; Liberal People's Party [Lars LEIJONBORG]; Moderate Party (conservative) [Bo LUNDGREN]; New Democracy Party [Vivianne FRANZEN]; Social Democratic Party [Goran PERSSON] political parties prohibited but political societies were legalized per a July 2005 law
Political pressure groups and leaders NA Shi'a activists fomented unrest sporadically in 1994-97 and have recently engaged in protests and marches, demanding that more power be vested in the elected Council of Representatives and that the government do more to decrease unemployment; several small, clandestine leftist and Islamic fundamentalist groups are active
Population 8,875,053 (July 2001 est.) 698,585


note: includes 235,108 non-nationals (July 2006 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate 0.02% (2001 est.) 1.45% (2006 est.)
Ports and harbors Gavle, Goteborg, Halmstad, Helsingborg, Hudiksvall, Kalmar, Karlshamn, Malmo, Solvesborg, Stockholm, Sundsvall -
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 265, shortwave 1 (1998) AM 2, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios 8.25 million (1997) -
Railways total:
12,821 km (includes 3,594 km of privately owned railways)

standard gauge:
12,821 km 1.435-m gauge (7,918 km electrified and 1,152 km double track) (1998)
-
Religions Lutheran 87%, Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Baptist, Muslim, Jewish, Buddhist Muslim (Shi'a and Sunni) 81.2%, Christian 9%, other 9.8% (2001 census)
Sex ratio at birth:
1.06 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.03 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.73 male(s)/female

total population:
0.98 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.38 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 1.07 male(s)/female


total population: 1.26 male(s)/female (2006 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
excellent domestic and international facilities; automatic system

domestic:
coaxial and multiconductor cables carry most of the voice traffic; parallel microwave radio relay systems carry some additional telephone channels

international:
5 submarine coaxial cables; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Sweden shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Norway)
general assessment: modern system


domestic: modern fiber-optic integrated services; digital network with rapidly growing use of mobile cellular telephones


international: country code - 973; tropospheric scatter to Qatar and UAE; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia; submarine cable to Qatar, UAE, and Saudi Arabia; satellite earth stations - 1 (1997)
Telephones - main lines in use 6.017 million (December 1998) 196,500 (2005)
Telephones - mobile cellular 3.835 million (October 1998) 748,700 (2005)
Television broadcast stations 169 (plus 1,299 repeaters) (1995) 4 (1997)
Terrain mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central escarpment
Total fertility rate 1.53 children born/woman (2001 est.) 2.6 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Unemployment rate 6% (2000 est.) 15% (2005 est.)
Waterways 2,052 km

note:
navigable for small steamers and barges
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