Compare Svalbard (2007) - Swaziland (2002)

Compare Svalbard (2007) z Swaziland (2002)

	Svalbard (2007)	Swaziland (2002)

Administrative divisions	-	4 districts; Hhohho, Lubombo, Manzini, Shiselweni
Age structure	0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA	0-14 years: 45.5% (male 254,573; female 256,677) 15-64 years: 51.9% (male 281,645; female 301,071) 65 years and over: 2.6% (male 12,027; female 17,612) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	sugarcane, cotton, corn, tobacco, rice, citrus, pineapples, sorghum, peanuts; cattle, goats, sheep
Airports	4 (2007)	18 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)	total: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 3 under 914 m: 3 (2007)	total: 17 914 to 1,523 m: 7 under 914 m: 10 (2002)
Area	total: 61,020 sq km land: 61,020 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya (Bear Island)	total: 17,363 sq km land: 17,203 sq km water: 160 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than West Virginia	slightly smaller than New Jersey
Background	First discovered by the Norwegians in the 12th century, the islands served as an international whaling base during the 17th and 18th centuries. Norway's sovereignty was recognized in 1920; five years later it officially took over the territory.	Autonomy for the Swazis of southern Africa was guaranteed by the British in the late 19th century; independence was granted 1968. Student and labor unrest during the 1990s have pressured the monarchy (one of the oldest on the continent) to grudgingly allow political reform and greater democracy.
Birth rate	NA	39.59 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $25.07 million expenditures: $NA (2004 est.)	revenues: $448 million expenditures: $506.9 million, including capital expenditures of $147 million (FY01/02 )
Capital	name: Longyearbyen geographic coordinates: 78 13 N, 15 33 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October	Mbabane; note - Lobamba is the royal and legislative capital
Climate	arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year	varies from tropical to near temperate
Coastline	3,587 km	0 km (landlocked)
Constitution	-	none; constitution of 6 September 1968 was suspended 12 April 1973; a new constitution was promulgated 13 October 1978, but was not formally presented to the people; since then a few more outlines for a constitution have been compiled under the Constitutional Review Commission (CRC), but so far none have been accepted
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Svalbard (sometimes referred to as Spitzbergen)	conventional long form: Kingdom of Swaziland conventional short form: Swaziland
Currency	-	lilangeni (SZL)
Death rate	NA	23.26 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	-	$336 million (2001 est.)
Dependency status	territory of Norway; administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920) sovereignty was awarded to Norway	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	-	chief of mission: Ambassador James D. McGEE embassy: Central Bank Building, Warner Street, Mbabane mailing address: P. O. Box 199, Mbabane telephone: [268] 404-6441 through 404-6445 FAX: [268] 404-5959
Diplomatic representation in the US	-	chief of mission: Ambassador Mary Madzandza KANYA chancery: 3400 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 362-6683 FAX: [1] (202) 244-8059
Disputes - international	despite recent discussions, Russia and Norway dispute their maritime limits in the Barents Sea and Russia's fishing rights beyond Svalbard's territorial limits within the Svalbard Treaty zone	Swaziland continues to press South Africa into ceding ethnic Swazi lands in Kangwane region of KwaZulu-Natal province that were long ago part of the Swazi Kingdom
Economic aid - recipient	$8.2 million from Norway (1998)	$104 million (2001)
Economy - overview	Coal mining is the major economic activity on Svalbard. The treaty of 9 February 1920 gave the 41 signatories equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US, UK, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still mining are Norwegian and Russian. The settlements on Svalbard are essentially company towns. The Norwegian state-owned coal company employs nearly 60% of the Norwegian population on the island, runs many of the local services, and provides most of the local infrastructure. There is also some hunting of seal, reindeer, and fox.	In this small landlocked economy, subsistence agriculture occupies more than 80% of the population. Manufacturing features a number of agroprocessing factories. Mining has declined in importance in recent years: diamond mines have shut down because of the depletion of easily accessible reserves; high-grade iron ore deposits were depleted by 1978; and health concerns have cut world demand for asbestos. Exports of soft drink concentrate, sugar, and wood pulp are the main earners of hard currency. Surrounded by South Africa, except for a short border with Mozambique, Swaziland is heavily dependent on South Africa from which it receives nine-tenths of its imports and to which it sends more than two-thirds of its exports. Remittances from the Southern African Customs Union and Swazi workers in South African mines substantially supplement domestically earned income. The government is trying to improve the atmosphere for foreign investment. Overgrazing, soil depletion, drought, and sometimes floods persist as problems for the future. Prospects for 2002 are strengthened by the country's status as a beneficiary of the US African Growth and Opportunity Act initiative.
Electricity - consumption	-	900.66 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	-	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	-	564 million kWh note: supplied by South Africa (2000)
Electricity - production	-	362 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 56% hydro: 44% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Arctic Ocean 0 m highest point: Newtontoppen 1,717 m	lowest point: Great Usutu River 21 m highest point: Emlembe 1,862 m
Environment - current issues	NA	limited supplies of potable water; wildlife populations being depleted because of excessive hunting; overgrazing; soil degradation; soil erosion
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: Desertification, Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups	Norwegian 55.4%, Russian and Ukrainian 44.3%, other 0.3% (1998)	African 97%, European 3%
Exchange rates	Norwegian kroner per US dollar - 6.4117 (2006), 6.4425 (2005), 6.7408 (2004), 7.0802 (2003), 7.9838 (2002)	emalangeni per US dollar - 11.5808 (January 2002), 8.4933 (2001), 6.9056 (2000), 6.1087 (1999), 5.4807 (1998), 4.6032 (1997); note - the Swazi lilangeni is at par with the South African rand; emalangeni is the plural form of lilangeni
Executive branch	chief of state: King HARALD V of Norway (since 17 January 1991) head of government: Governor Per SEFLAND (since 1 October 2005); Assistant Governor Rune Baard HANSEN (since 2003) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor and assistant governor responsible to the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice	chief of state: King MSWATI III (since 25 April 1986) head of government: Prime Minister Sibusiso Barnabas DLAMINI (since 9 August 1996) cabinet: Cabinet recommended by the prime minister and confirmed by the monarch elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; prime minister appointed by the monarch
Exports	$197.6 million (2004)	$702 million f.o.b. (2001)
Exports - commodities	-	soft drink concentrates, sugar, wood pulp, cotton yarn, refrigerators, citrus and canned fruit
Exports - partners	-	South Africa 72%, EU 12%, UK 6%, Mozambique 4%, US 4% (1999)
Fiscal year	-	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	the flag of Norway is used	three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple width), and blue; the red band is edged in yellow; centered in the red band is a large black and white shield covering two spears and a staff decorated with feather tassels, all placed horizontally
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $4.6 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: 10% industry: 43% services: 47% (1999 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $4,200 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	NA%	2.5% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates	78 00 N, 20 00 E	26 30 S, 31 30 E
Geography - note	northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of nine main islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area; site of future seed repository under construction by the Global Crop Diversity Trust and the Norwegian Government	landlocked; almost completely surrounded by South Africa
Heliports	1 (2007)	-
Highways	-	total: 3,800 km paved: 1,064 km unpaved: 2,736 km (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	$NA	$850 million f.o.b. (2001)
Imports - commodities	-	motor vehicles, machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products, chemicals
Imports - partners	-	South Africa 89%, EU 5%, Japan 2%, Singapore 2% (2000)
Independence	none (territory of Norway)	6 September 1968 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate	-	3.7% (FY95/96)
Industries	-	mining (coal), wood pulp, sugar, soft drink concentrates, textile and apparel
Infant mortality rate	total: NA male: NA female: NA	109.43 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	7.5% (2001 est.)
International organization participation	none	ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, PCA, SACU, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	6 (2001)
Irrigated land	NA	690 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	-	High Court; Court of Appeal; judges for both courts are appointed by the monarch
Labor force	NA	NA
Labor force - by occupation	-	NA
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 535 km border countries: Mozambique 105 km, South Africa 430 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (no trees; the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry) (2005)	arable land: 9.77% permanent crops: 0.7% other: 89.53% (1998 est.)
Languages	Norwegian, Russian	English (official, government business conducted in English), siSwati (official)
Legal system	the laws of Norway, where applicable, apply	based on South African Roman-Dutch law in statutory courts and Swazi traditional law and custom in traditional courts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch	-	bicameral Parliament or Libandla, an advisory body, consists of the Senate (30 seats - 10 appointed by the House of Assembly and 20 appointed by the monarch; members serve five-year terms) and the House of Assembly (65 seats - 10 appointed by the monarch and 55 elected by popular vote; members serve five-year terms) elections: House of Assembly - last held 16 and 24 October 1998 (next to be held NA 2003) election results: House of Assembly - balloting is done on a nonparty basis; candidates for election are nominated by the local council of each constituency and for each constituency the three candidates with the most votes in the first round of voting are narrowed to a single winner by a second round
Life expectancy at birth	total population: NA male: NA female: NA	total population: 37 years male: 36.35 years female: 37.66 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	NA	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 78.3% male: 78% female: 78.4% (1999 est.)
Location	Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway	Southern Africa, between Mozambique and South Africa
Map references	Arctic Region	Africa
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 4 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm unilaterally claimed by Norway but not recognized by Russia	none (landlocked)
Military - note	demilitarized by treaty on 9 February 1920	-
Military branches	-	Umbutfo Swaziland Defense Force (Army), Royal Swaziland Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$20 million (FY01/02)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	4.75% (FY00/01)
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 253,510 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 146,805 (2002 est.)
National holiday	-	Independence Day, 6 September (1968)
Nationality	-	noun: Swazi(s) adjective: Swazi
Natural hazards	ice floes often block the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic	drought
Natural resources	coal, iron ore, copper, zinc, phosphate, wildlife, fish	asbestos, coal, clay, cassiterite, hydropower, forests, small gold and diamond deposits, quarry stone, and talc
Net migration rate	NA	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders	-	political parties are banned by the constitution - the following are considered political associations - Imbokodvo National Movement or INM [leader NA]; Ngwane National Libertatory Congress or NNLC [Obed DLAMINI, president]; People's United Democratic Movement or PUDEMO [Mario MASUKU, president]; Swaziland National Front or SWANAFRO [Elmond SHONGWE, president]
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	NA
Population	2,214 (July 2007 est.)	1,123,605 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	NA%
Population growth rate	-0.007% (2007 est.)	1.63% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	none
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 1 (plus 2 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 3, FM 2 plus 4 repeaters, shortwave 3 (2001)
Radios	-	170,000 (1999)
Railways	-	total: 297 km narrow gauge: 297 km 1.067-m gauge note: includes 71 km which are not in use (2001)
Religions	-	Zionist (a blend of Christianity and indigenous ancestral worship) 40%, Roman Catholic 20%, Muslim 10%, Anglican, Bahai, Methodist, Mormon, Jewish and other 30%
Sex ratio	NA (2007 est.)	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	-	18 years of age
Telephone system	general assessment: probably adequate domestic: local telephone service international: country code - 47-790; satellite earth station - 1 of unknown type (for communication with Norwegian mainland only)	general assessment: a somewhat modern but not an advanced system domestic: system consists of carrier-equipped, open-wire lines and low-capacity, microwave radio relay international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	NA	38,500 (2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	45,000 (2001)
Television broadcast stations	NA	5 plus 7 relay stations (2001)
Terrain	wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along west and north coasts	mostly mountains and hills; some moderately sloping plains
Total fertility rate	NA	5.77 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	-	34% (2000 est.)
Waterways	-	none

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