Compare Svalbard (2002) - Gibraltar (2007)

Compare Svalbard (2002) z Gibraltar (2007)

	Svalbard (2002)	Gibraltar (2007)

Administrative divisions	-	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Age structure	0-14 years: NA% 15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA%	0-14 years: 17.2% (male 2,460/female 2,343) 15-64 years: 66.3% (male 9,470/female 9,070) 65 years and over: 16.5% (male 2,090/female 2,534) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	none
Airports	4 (2001)	1 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 2 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2002)	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 2 under 914 m: 2 (2002)	-
Area	total: 62,049 sq km land: 62,049 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya (Bear Island)	total: 6.5 sq km land: 6.5 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than West Virginia	a little less than one half the size of Rhode Island
Background	First discovered by the Norwegians in the 12th century, the islands served as an international whaling base during the 17th and 18th centuries. Norway's sovereignty was recognized in 1920; five years later it officially took over the territory.	Strategically important, Gibraltar was reluctantly ceded to Great Britain by Spain in the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht; the British garrison was formally declared a colony in 1830. In a referendum held in 1967, Gibraltarians voted overwhelmingly to remain a British dependency. Although the current 1969 Constitution for Gibraltar states that the British Government will never allow the people of Gibraltar to pass under the sovereignty of another state against their freely and democratically expressed wishes, a series of talks were held by the UK and Spain between 1997 and 2002 on establishing temporary joint sovereignty over Gibraltar. In response to these talks, the Gibraltarian Government set up a referendum in late 2002 in which a majority of the citizens voted overwhelmingly against any sharing of sovereignty with Spain. Since the referendum, tripartite talks have been held with Spain, the UK, and Gibraltar, and in September 2006 a three-way agreement was signed. Spain agreed to allow airlines other than British to serve Gibraltar, to speed up customs procedures, and to add more telephone lines into Gibraltar. Britain agreed to pay pensions to Spaniards who had been employed in Gibraltar before the border closed in 1969. Spain will be allowed to open a cultural institute from which the Spanish flag will fly.
Birth rate	NA births/1,000 population	10.69 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget	revenues: $11.5 million expenditures: $11.5 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.) (1998 est.)	revenues: $307 million expenditures: $284 million (FY00/01 est.)
Capital	Longyearbyen	name: Gibraltar geographic coordinates: 36 08 N, 5 21 W time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Climate	arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year	Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers
Coastline	3,587 km	12 km
Constitution	-	5 June 2006; came into force 2 January 2007
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Svalbard (sometimes referred to as Spitzbergen)	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Gibraltar
Currency	Norwegian krone (NOK)	-
Death rate	NA deaths/1,000 population	9.4 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external	-	$NA
Dependency status	territory of Norway; administered by the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920) sovereignty was awarded to Norway	overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US	-	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US	-	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international	despite recent discussions, Russia and Norway dispute their maritime limits in the Barents Sea and Russia's fishing rights beyond Svalbard's territorial limits within the Svalbard Treaty zone	in 2002, Gibraltar residents voted overwhelmingly by referendum to reject any "shared sovereignty" arrangement; the government of Gibraltar insists on equal participation in talks between the UK and Spain; Spain disapproves of UK plans to grant Gibraltar even greater autonomy
Economic aid - recipient	$8.2 million from Norway (1998)	$NA
Economy - overview	Coal mining is the major economic activity on Svalbard. The treaty of 9 February 1920 gives the 41 signatories equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US, UK, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still mining are Norwegian and Russian. The settlements on Svalbard are essentially company towns. The Norwegian state-owned coal company employs nearly 60% of the Norwegian population on the island, runs many of the local services, and provides most of the local infrastructure. There is also some trapping of seal, polar bear, fox, and walrus.	Self-sufficient Gibraltar benefits from an extensive shipping trade, offshore banking, and its position as an international conference center. The British military presence has been sharply reduced and now contributes about 7% to the local economy, compared with 60% in 1984. The financial sector, tourism (almost 5 million visitors in 1998), shipping services fees, and duties on consumer goods also generate revenue. The financial sector, the shipping sector, and tourism each contribute 25%-30% of GDP. Telecommunications accounts for another 10%. In recent years, Gibraltar has seen major structural change from a public to a private sector economy, but changes in government spending still have a major impact on the level of employment.
Electricity - consumption	NA kWh	141 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports	-	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports	-	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - production	NA kWh	141 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: NA% hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA%	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Arctic Ocean 0 m highest point: Newtontoppen 1,717 m	lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Rock of Gibraltar 426 m
Environment - current issues	NA	limited natural freshwater resources: large concrete or natural rock water catchments collect rainwater (no longer used for drinking water) and adequate desalination plant
Ethnic groups	Norwegian 55.4%, Russian and Ukrainian 44.3%, other 0.3% (1998)	Spanish, Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese, German, North Africans
Exchange rates	Norwegian kroner per US dollar - 8.9684 (January 2002), 8.9917 (2001), 8.8018 (2000), 7.7992 (1999), 7.5451 (1998), 7.0734 (1997)	Gibraltar pounds per US dollar - 0.5434 (2006), 0.5504 (2005), 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003), 0.6672 (2002) note: the Gibraltar pound is at par with the British pound
Executive branch	chief of state: King HARALD V of Norway (since 17 January 1991) head of government: Governor Morten RUUD (since NA November 1998) and Assistant Governor Odd Redar HUMLEGAARD (since NA) elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor and assistant governor responsible to the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Sir Robert FULTON (since 27 October 2006) head of government: Chief Minister Peter CARUANA (since 17 May 1996) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed from among the 17 elected members of the Parliament by the governor in consultation with the chief minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed chief minister by the governor
Exports	$NA	NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities	-	(principally reexports) petroleum 51%, manufactured goods 41%, other 8%
Exports - partners	-	UK 30.8%, Spain 22.7%, Germany 13.7%, Turkmenistan 10.4%, Switzerland 8.3%, Italy 6.7% (2006)
Fiscal year	-	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	the flag of Norway is used	two horizontal bands of white (top, double width) and red with a three-towered red castle in the center of the white band; hanging from the castle gate is a gold key centered in the red band
GDP	purchasing power parity - $NA	-
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $NA	-
GDP - real growth rate	NA%	NA%
Geographic coordinates	78 00 N, 20 00 E	36 08 N, 5 21 W
Geography - note	northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of nine main islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area	strategic location on Strait of Gibraltar that links the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea
Highways	total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	$NA	NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities	-	fuels, manufactured goods, and foodstuffs
Imports - partners	-	Spain 23.4%, Russia 12.3%, Italy 12%, UK 9%, France 8.9%, Netherlands 6.8%, US 4.7% (2006)
Independence	none (territory of Norway)	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	NA%
Industries	-	tourism, banking and finance, ship repairing, tobacco
Infant mortality rate	NA deaths/1,000 live births	total: 4.98 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.54 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.39 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	NA%	1.5% (1998)
International organization participation	none	Interpol (subbureau), UPU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	13 (Svalbard and Jan Mayen) (2000)	-
Irrigated land	NA sq km	NA
Judicial branch	-	Supreme Court; Court of Appeal
Labor force	NA	12,690 (including non-Gibraltar laborers) (2001)
Labor force - by occupation	-	agriculture: negligible industry: 40% services: 60% (2001)
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 1.2 km border countries: Spain 1.2 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (no trees, and the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry) (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Languages	Russian, Norwegian	English (used in schools and for official purposes), Spanish, Italian, Portuguese
Legal system	NA	the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch	-	unicameral Parliament (18 seats: 17 members elected by popular vote, 1 for the Speaker appointed by Parliament; to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 11 October 2007 (next to be held not later than October 2011) election results: percent of vote by party - GSD 49.3%, GSLP 31.8%, Gibraltar Liberal Party 13.6%; seats by party - GSD 10, GSLP 4, Gibraltar Liberal Party 3
Life expectancy at birth	total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years	total population: 79.93 years male: 77.05 years female: 82.96 years (2007 est.)
Literacy	NA	definition: NA total population: above 80% male: NA female: NA
Location	Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway	Southwestern Europe, bordering the Strait of Gibraltar, which links the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southern coast of Spain
Map references	Arctic Region	Europe
Maritime claims	exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM unilaterally claimed by Norway but not recognized by Russia territorial sea: 4 NM	territorial sea: 3 nm
Merchant marine	none (2002 est.)	total: 216 ships (1000 GRT or over) 1,422,155 GRT/1,866,572 DWT by type: barge carrier 2, bulk carrier 5, cargo 117, chemical tanker 39, container 31, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 13, roll on/roll off 7, specialized tanker 1 foreign-owned: 201 (Belgium 3, Cyprus 5, Denmark 9, Finland 3, France 1, Germany 117, Greece 8, Iceland 1, Italy 1, Netherlands 11, Norway 27, Sweden 10, UAE 2, UK 3) registered in other countries: 7 (Liberia 7) (2007)
Military - note	demilitarized by treaty (9 February 1920)	defense is the responsibility of the UK; the Royal Gibraltar Regiment replaced the last British regular infantry forces in 1992
Military branches	-	Royal Gibraltar Regiment
National holiday	NA	National Day, 10 September (1967); note - day of the national referendum to decide whether to remain with the UK or go with Spain
Nationality	-	noun: Gibraltarian(s) adjective: Gibraltar
Natural hazards	ice floes often block the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic	NA
Natural resources	coal, copper, iron ore, phosphate, zinc, wildlife, fish	none
Net migration rate	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Political parties and leaders	-	Gibraltar Liberal Party [Joseph GARCIA]; Gibraltar Social Democrats or GSD [Peter CARUANA]; Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party or GSLP [Joseph John BOSSANO]
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	Chamber of Commerce; Gibraltar Representatives Organization; Women's Association
Population	2,868 (July 2002 est.)	27,967 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA%
Population growth rate	-1.99% (2002 est.)	0.129% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors	Barentsburg, Longyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, Pyramiden	-
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 1 (plus 2 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	NA	-
Railways	0 km	-
Religions	-	Roman Catholic 78.1%, Church of England 7%, other Christian 3.2%, Muslim 4%, Jewish 2.1%, Hindu 1.8%, other or unspecified 0.9%, none 2.9% (2001 census)
Sex ratio	NA	at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.044 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.825 male(s)/female total population: 1.005 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage	-	18 years of age; universal; and British citizens who have been residents six months or more
Telephone system	general assessment: probably adequate domestic: local telephone service international: satellite earth station - 1 of unknown type (for communication with Norwegian mainland only)	general assessment: adequate, automatic domestic system and adequate international facilities domestic: automatic exchange facilities international: country code - 350; radiotelephone; microwave radio relay; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	NA	24,512 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	NA	9,797 (2002)
Television broadcast stations	NA	1 (plus 3 repeaters) (1997)
Terrain	wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along west and north coasts	a narrow coastal lowland borders the Rock of Gibraltar
Total fertility rate	NA children born/woman	1.65 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate	-	2% (2001 est.)
Waterways	none	-

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