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Compare Svalbard (2001) - Bermuda (2001)

Compare Svalbard (2001) z Bermuda (2001)

 Svalbard (2001)Bermuda (2001)
 SvalbardBermuda
Administrative divisions - 9 parishes and 2 municipalities*; Devonshire, Hamilton, Hamilton*, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George*, Saint Georges, Sandys, Smiths, Southampton, Warwick
Age structure 0-14 years:
NA%

15-64 years:
NA%

65 years and over:
NA%		 0-14 years:
19.4% (male 6,091; female 6,230)

15-64 years:
69.43% (male 21,783; female 22,309)

65 years and over:
11.17% (male 3,073; female 4,017) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products - bananas, vegetables, citrus, flowers; dairy products
Airports 4 (2000 est.) 1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
1 (2000 est.)		 total:
1

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
3

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)		 -
Area total:
62,049 sq km

land:
62,049 sq km

water:
0 sq km

note:
includes Spitsbergen and Bjornoya (Bear Island)		 total:
58.8 sq km

land:
58.8 sq km

water:
0 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than West Virginia about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC
Background First discovered by the Norwegians in the 12th century, the islands served as an international whaling base during the 17th and 18th centuries. Norway's sovereignty was recognized in 1920; five years later it officially took over the territory. Bermuda was first settled in 1609 by shipwrecked English colonists headed for Virginia. Tourism to the island to escape North American winters first developed in Victorian times. Bermuda has developed into a highly successful offshore financial center. A referendum on independence was soundly defeated in 1995.
Birth rate NA births/1,000 population 12.16 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues:
$11.5 million

expenditures:
$11.5 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)		 revenues:
$504.6 million

expenditures:
$537 million, including capital expenditures of $75 million (FY97/98)
Capital Longyearbyen Hamilton
Climate arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of Spitsbergen, keeping water open and navigable most of the year subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter
Coastline 3,587 km 103 km
Constitution - 8 June 1968, amended 1989
Country name conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Svalbard (sometimes referred to as Spitzbergen)		 conventional long form:
none

conventional short form:
Bermuda

former:
Somers Islands
Currency Norwegian krone (NOK) Bermudian dollar (BMD)
Death rate NA deaths/1,000 population 7.42 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external - $NA
Dependency status territory of Norway; administered by the Ministry of Industry, Oslo, through a governor (sysselmann) residing in Longyearbyen, Spitsbergen; by treaty (9 February 1920) sovereignty was given to Norway overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US - chief of mission:
Consul General Lawrence D. OWEN

consulate(s) general:
Crown Hill, 16 Middle Road, Devonshire, Hamilton

mailing address:
P. O. Box HM325, Hamilton HMBX; American Consulate General Hamilton, Department of State, Washington, DC 20520-5300

telephone:
[1] (441) 295-1342

FAX:
[1] (441) 295-1592
Diplomatic representation in the US - none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international focus of a maritime boundary dispute between Norway and Russia none
Economic aid - recipient $8.2 million from Norway (1998) $27.9 million (1995)
Economy - overview Coal mining is the major economic activity on Svalbard. The treaty of 9 February 1920 gives the 41 signatories equal rights to exploit mineral deposits, subject to Norwegian regulation. Although US, UK, Dutch, and Swedish coal companies have mined in the past, the only companies still mining are Norwegian and Russian. The settlements on Svalbard are essentially company towns. The Norwegian state-owned coal company employs nearly 60% of the Norwegian population on the island, runs many of the local services, and provides most of the local infrastructure. There is also some trapping of seal, polar bear, fox, and walrus. Bermuda enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, having successfully exploited its location by providing financial services for international firms and luxury tourist facilities for 360,000 visitors annually. The tourist industry, which accounts for an estimated 28% of GDP, attracts 84% of its business from North America. The industrial sector is small, and agriculture is severely limited by a lack of suitable land. About 80% of food needs are imported. International business contributes over 60% of Bermuda's economic output; a failed independence vote in late 1995 can be partially attributed to Bermudian fears of scaring away foreign firms. Government economic priorities are the further strengthening of the tourist and international financial sectors.
Electricity - consumption NA kWh 511.5 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production NA kWh 550 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
NA%

hydro:
NA%

nuclear:
NA%

other:
NA%		 fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Arctic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Newtontoppen 1,717 m		 lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Town Hill 76 m
Environment - current issues NA asbestos disposal; water pollution; preservation of open space
Ethnic groups Norwegian 55.4%, Russian and Ukrainian 44.3%, other 0.3% (1998) black 58%, white 36%, other 6%
Exchange rates Norwegian kroner per US dollar - 8.7784 (January 2001), 8.8018 (2000), 7.7992 (1999), 7.5451 (1998), 7.0734 (1997), 6.4498 (1996) Bermudian dollar per US dollar - 1.0000 (fixed rate pegged to the US dollar)
Executive branch chief of state:
King HARALD V of Norway (since 17 January 1991)

head of government:
Governor Morten RUUD (since NA November 1998) and Assistant Governor Odd Redar HUMLEGAARD (since NA)

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; governor and assistant governor responsible to the Polar Department of the Ministry of Justice		 chief of state:
Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Thorold MASEFIELD (since NA June 1997)

head of government:
Premier Jennifer SMITH (since 10 November 1998)

cabinet:
Cabinet nominated by the premier, appointed by the governor

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; governor invites leader of largest party in Parliament to form a government as premier
Exports $NA $56 million (2000 est.)
Exports - commodities - reexports of pharmaceuticals
Exports - partners - UK 29.5%, US 9.8% (1997)
Fiscal year - 1 April - 31 March
Flag description the flag of Norway is used red, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms (white and green shield with a red lion holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of the ship Sea Venture off Bermuda in 1609) centered on the outer half of the flag
GDP purchasing power parity - $NA purchasing power parity - $2.1 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture:
1%

industry:
10%

services:
89% (1995 est.)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $NA purchasing power parity - $33,000 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate NA% 1.5% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 78 00 N, 20 00 E 32 20 N, 64 45 W
Geography - note northernmost part of the Kingdom of Norway; consists of nine main islands; glaciers and snowfields cover 60% of the total area consists of about 360 small coral islands with ample rainfall, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; some land, reclaimed and otherwise, was leased by US Government from 1941 to 1995
Highways total:
NA km

paved:
NA km

unpaved:
NA km		 total:
225 km

paved:
225 km

unpaved:
0 km

note:
in addition, there are 232 km of paved and unpaved roads that are privately owned (1997)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%		 lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Imports $NA $739 million (2000 est.)
Imports - commodities - machinery and transport equipment, construction materials, chemicals, food and live animals
Imports - partners - US 34%, UK 9%, Mexico 8% (1997)
Independence none (territory of Norway) none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate NA% NA%
Industries - tourism, finance, insurance, structural concrete products, paints, perfumes, pharmaceuticals, ship repairing
Infant mortality rate NA deaths/1,000 live births 9.55 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) NA% 2.7% (2000 est.)
International organization participation none Caricom (observer), CCC, ICFTU, Interpol (subbureau), IOC
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 13 (Svalbard and Jan Mayen) (2000) 20 (2000)
Irrigated land NA sq km NA sq km
Judicial branch - Supreme Court; Court of Appeal; Magistrate Courts
Labor force NA 35,296 (1997)
Labor force - by occupation - clerical 23%, services 22%, laborers 17%, professional and technical 17%, administrative and managerial 12%, sales 7%, agriculture and fishing 2% (1996)
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land:
0%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
100% (no trees, and the only bushes are crowberry and cloudberry)		 arable land:
6%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
94% (55% developed, 39% rural/open space) (1997 est.)
Languages Russian, Norwegian English (official), Portuguese
Legal system NA English law
Legislative branch - bicameral Parliament consists of the Senate (an 11-member body appointed by the governor) and the House of Assembly (40 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 9 November 1998 (next to be held NA November 2003)

election results:
percent of vote by party - PLP 54%, UBP 44%, NLP 1%, independents 1%; seats by party - PLP 26, UBP 14
Life expectancy at birth total population:
NA years

male:
NA years

female:
NA years		 total population:
77.12 years

male:
75.04 years

female:
79.06 years (2001 est.)
Literacy - definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
98%

male:
98%

female:
99% (1970 est.)
Location Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of North Carolina (US)
Map references Arctic Region North America
Maritime claims exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM unilaterally claimed by Norway but not recognized by Russia

territorial sea:
4 NM		 exclusive fishing zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine none (2000 est.) total:
105 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,836,538 GRT/9,728,045 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 27, cargo 4, container 15, liquefied gas 7, passenger 2, petroleum tanker 23, refrigerated cargo 16, roll on/roll off 8, short-sea passenger 3

note:
includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Canada 10, Hong Kong 10, Japan 1, Nigeria 4, Saudi Arabia 1, Sweden 3, Switzerland 2, UK 10, US 7 (2000 est.)
Military - note demilitarized by treaty (9 February 1920) defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches - Bermuda Regiment, Bermuda Police Force, Bermuda Reserve Constabulary
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - NA%
National holiday NA Bermuda Day, 24 May
Nationality - noun:
Bermudian(s)

adjective:
Bermudian
Natural hazards ice floes often block up the entrance to Bellsund (a transit point for coal export) on the west coast and occasionally make parts of the northeastern coast inaccessible to maritime traffic hurricanes (June to November)
Natural resources coal, copper, iron ore, phosphate, zinc, wildlife, fish limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism
Net migration rate NA migrant(s)/1,000 population 2.66 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders - National Liberal Party or NLP [Dessaline WALDRON]; Progressive Labor Party or PLP [Jennifer SMITH]; United Bermuda Party or UBP [Pamela GORDON]
Political pressure groups and leaders - Bermuda Industrial Union or BIU [Derrick BURGESS]; Bermuda Public Services Association or BPSA [Betty CHRISTOPHER]
Population 2,332 (July 2001 est.) 63,503 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% NA%
Population growth rate -3.55% (2001 est.) 0.74% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Barentsburg, Longyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, Pyramiden Hamilton, Saint George
Radio broadcast stations AM 1, FM 1 (plus 2 repeaters), shortwave 0 (1998) AM 5, FM 3, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios NA 82,000 (1997)
Railways 0 km 0 km
Religions - non-Anglican Protestant 39%, Anglican 27%, Roman Catholic 15%, other 19%
Sex ratio - at birth:
0.94 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
0.98 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.76 male(s)/female

total population:
0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
probably adequate

domestic:
local telephone service

international:
satellite earth station - 1 of unknown type (for communication with Norwegian mainland only)		 general assessment:
NA

domestic:
modern, fully automatic telephone system

international:
3 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use NA 52,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular NA 7,980 (1996)
Television broadcast stations NA 3 (1997)
Terrain wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along west and north coasts low hills separated by fertile depressions
Total fertility rate NA children born/woman 1.81 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate - NEGL% (1995)
Waterways none none
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