Compare Sudan (2003) - Gibraltar (2007)

Compare Sudan (2003) z Gibraltar (2007)

	Sudan (2003)	Gibraltar (2007)

Administrative divisions	26 states (wilayat, singular - wilayah); A'ali an Nil, Al Bahr al Ahmar, Al Buhayrat, Al Jazirah, Al Khartum, Al Qadarif, Al Wahdah, An Nil al Abyad, An Nil al Azraq, Ash Shamaliyah, Bahr al Jabal, Gharb al Istiwa'iyah, Gharb Bahr al Ghazal, Gharb Darfur, Gharb Kurdufan, Janub Darfur, Janub Kurdufan, Junqali, Kassala, Nahr an Nil, Shamal Bahr al Ghazal, Shamal Darfur, Shamal Kurdufan, Sharq al Istiwa'iyah, Sinnar, Warab	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Age structure	0-14 years: 44% (male 8,562,412; female 8,195,201) 15-64 years: 53.8% (male 10,260,581; female 10,246,045) 65 years and over: 2.2% (male 468,898; female 381,023) (2003 est.)	0-14 years: 17.2% (male 2,460/female 2,343) 15-64 years: 66.3% (male 9,470/female 9,070) 65 years and over: 16.5% (male 2,090/female 2,534) (2007 est.)
Agriculture - products	cotton, groundnuts (peanuts), sorghum, millet, wheat, gum arabic, sugarcane, cassava (tapioca), mangos, papaya, bananas, sweet potatoes, sesame; sheep, livestock	none
Airports	63 (2002)	1 (2007)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 12 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 8 1,524 to 2,437 m: 3 (2002)	total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (2007)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 51 1,524 to 2,437 m: 17 914 to 1,523 m: 24 under 914 m: 10 (2002)	-
Area	total: 2,505,810 sq km land: 2.376 million sq km water: 129,810 sq km	total: 6.5 sq km land: 6.5 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly more than one-quarter the size of the US	a little less than one half the size of Rhode Island
Background	Military regimes favoring Islamic-oriented governments have dominated national politics since independence from the UK in 1956. Sudan has been embroiled in a civil war for all but 10 years of this period (1972-82). The wars are rooted in northern economic, political, and social domination of non-Muslim, non-Arab southern Sudanese. Since 1983, the war and war- and famine-related effects have led to more than 2 million deaths and over 4 million people displaced. The ruling regime is a mixture of military elite and an Islamist party that came to power in a 1989 coup. Some northern opposition parties have made common cause with the southern rebels and entered the war as a part of an anti-government alliance. Peace talks gained momentum in 2002-03 with the signing of several accords, including a cease-fire agreement.	Strategically important, Gibraltar was reluctantly ceded to Great Britain by Spain in the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht; the British garrison was formally declared a colony in 1830. In a referendum held in 1967, Gibraltarians voted overwhelmingly to remain a British dependency. Although the current 1969 Constitution for Gibraltar states that the British Government will never allow the people of Gibraltar to pass under the sovereignty of another state against their freely and democratically expressed wishes, a series of talks were held by the UK and Spain between 1997 and 2002 on establishing temporary joint sovereignty over Gibraltar. In response to these talks, the Gibraltarian Government set up a referendum in late 2002 in which a majority of the citizens voted overwhelmingly against any sharing of sovereignty with Spain. Since the referendum, tripartite talks have been held with Spain, the UK, and Gibraltar, and in September 2006 a three-way agreement was signed. Spain agreed to allow airlines other than British to serve Gibraltar, to speed up customs procedures, and to add more telephone lines into Gibraltar. Britain agreed to pay pensions to Spaniards who had been employed in Gibraltar before the border closed in 1969. Spain will be allowed to open a cultural institute from which the Spanish flag will fly.
Birth rate	36.48 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)	10.69 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Budget	revenues: $1.6 billion expenditures: $1.9 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)	revenues: $307 million expenditures: $284 million (FY00/01 est.)
Capital	Khartoum	name: Gibraltar geographic coordinates: 36 08 N, 5 21 W time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
Climate	tropical in south; arid desert in north; rainy season varies by region (April to November)	Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers
Coastline	853 km	12 km
Constitution	12 April 1973, suspended following coup of 6 April 1985; interim constitution of 10 October 1985 suspended following coup of 30 June 1989; new constitution implemented on 30 June 1998 partially suspended 12 December 1999 by President BASHIR	5 June 2006; came into force 2 January 2007
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of the Sudan conventional short form: Sudan local long form: Jumhuriyat as-Sudan local short form: As-Sudan former: Anglo-Egyptian Sudan	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Gibraltar
Currency	Sudanese dinar (SDD)	-
Death rate	9.59 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)	9.4 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Debt - external	$15.8 billion (2002 est.)	$NA
Dependency status	-	overseas territory of the UK
Diplomatic representation from the US	US Embassy in Khartoum is located on Sharia Abdul Latif Avenue; mailing address - P. O. Box 699, Khartoum; APO AE 09829; telephone - [249] (11) 774611 or 774700; FAX - [249] (11) 774137	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Charge D'Affairs, Ad Interim Khidir Haroun AHMED (since April 2001) chancery: 2210 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 338-8565 FAX: [1] (202) 667-2406	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Disputes - international	the north-south civil war has drawn Sudan's neighbors into the fighting, sheltering refugees, and infiltration by rebel groups - Kenya and Uganda have acted as mediators; Sudan accuses Eritrea of supporting Sudanese rebel groups; efforts to demarcate the porous boundary with Ethiopia have been delayed by fighting in Sudan; Kenya's administrative boundary still extends into the Sudan, creating the "Ilemi triangle"; Egypt and Sudan retain claims to administer the triangular areas that extend north and south of the 1899 Treaty boundary along the 22nd Parallel, but have withdrawn their military presence; Egypt is economically developing the "Hala'ib triangle"	in 2002, Gibraltar residents voted overwhelmingly by referendum to reject any "shared sovereignty" arrangement; the government of Gibraltar insists on equal participation in talks between the UK and Spain; Spain disapproves of UK plans to grant Gibraltar even greater autonomy
Economic aid - recipient	$187 million (1997)	$NA
Economy - overview	Sudan has turned around a struggling economy with sound economic policies and infrastructure investments, but it still faces formidable economic problems, notably the low level of per capita output. From 1997 to date, Sudan has been implementing IMF macroeconomic reforms. In 1999 Sudan began exporting crude oil and in the last quarter of 1999 recorded its first trade surplus, which, along with monetary policy, has stabilized the exchange rate. Increased oil production, revived light industry, and expanded export processing zones helped maintain GDP growth at 5.1% in 2002. Agriculture production remains Sudan's most important sector, employing 80% of the work force and contributing 43% of GDP, but most farms remain rain-fed and susceptible to drought. Chronic domestic instability, lagging reforms, adverse weather, and weak world agricultural prices - but, above all, the low starting point - ensure that much of the population will remain at or below the poverty line for years.	Self-sufficient Gibraltar benefits from an extensive shipping trade, offshore banking, and its position as an international conference center. The British military presence has been sharply reduced and now contributes about 7% to the local economy, compared with 60% in 1984. The financial sector, tourism (almost 5 million visitors in 1998), shipping services fees, and duties on consumer goods also generate revenue. The financial sector, the shipping sector, and tourism each contribute 25%-30% of GDP. Telecommunications accounts for another 10%. In recent years, Gibraltar has seen major structural change from a public to a private sector economy, but changes in government spending still have a major impact on the level of employment.
Electricity - consumption	2.222 billion kWh (2001)	141 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (2001)	0 kWh (2005)
Electricity - production	2.389 billion kWh (2001)	141 million kWh (2005)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 52.1% hydro: 47.9% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001)	-
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Red Sea 0 m highest point: Kinyeti 3,187 m	lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m highest point: Rock of Gibraltar 426 m
Environment - current issues	inadequate supplies of potable water; wildlife populations threatened by excessive hunting; soil erosion; desertification; periodic drought	limited natural freshwater resources: large concrete or natural rock water catchments collect rainwater (no longer used for drinking water) and adequate desalination plant
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	-
Ethnic groups	black 52%, Arab 39%, Beja 6%, foreigners 2%, other 1%	Spanish, Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese, German, North Africans
Exchange rates	Sudanese dinars per US dollar - 263.31 (2002), 258.7 (2001), 257.12 (2000), 252.55 (1999), 200.8 (1998)	Gibraltar pounds per US dollar - 0.5434 (2006), 0.5504 (2005), 0.5462 (2004), 0.6125 (2003), 0.6672 (2002) note: the Gibraltar pound is at par with the British pound
Executive branch	chief of state: President Lt. Gen. Umar Hassan Ahmad al-BASHIR (since 16 October 1993); First Vice President Ali Uthman Muhammad TAHA (since 17 February 1998), Second Vice President Moses MACHAR (since 12 February 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Lt. Gen. Umar Hasan Ahmad al-BASHIR (since 16 October 1993); First Vice President Ali Uthman Muhammad TAHA (since 17 February 1998), Second Vice President Moses MACHAR (since 12 February 2001); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president; note - the National Congress Party or NCP (formerly the National Islamic Front or NIF) dominates al-BASHIR's cabinet elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 13-23 December 2000 (next to be held NA 2005) election results: Lt. Gen. Umar Hasan Ahmad al-BASHIR reelected president; percent of vote - Umar Hasan Ahmad al-BASHIR 86.5%, Ja'afar Muhammed NUMAYRI 9.6%, three other candidates received a combined vote of 3.9%; election widely viewed as rigged; all popular opposition parties boycotted elections because of a lack of guarantees for a free and fair election note: Lt. Gen. al-BASHIR assumed supreme executive power in 1989 and retained it through several transitional governments in the early and mid-1990s before being popularly elected for the first time in March 1996	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952); represented by Governor Sir Robert FULTON (since 27 October 2006) head of government: Chief Minister Peter CARUANA (since 17 May 1996) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed from among the 17 elected members of the Parliament by the governor in consultation with the chief minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of the majority coalition is usually appointed chief minister by the governor
Exports	NA (2001)	NA bbl/day
Exports - commodities	oil and petroleum products; cotton, sesame, livestock, groundnuts, gum arabic, sugar	(principally reexports) petroleum 51%, manufactured goods 41%, other 8%
Exports - partners	China 55.7%, Japan 14%, Saudi Arabia 4.9% (2002)	UK 30.8%, Spain 22.7%, Germany 13.7%, Turkmenistan 10.4%, Switzerland 8.3%, Italy 6.7% (2006)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist side	two horizontal bands of white (top, double width) and red with a three-towered red castle in the center of the white band; hanging from the castle gate is a gold key centered in the red band
GDP	purchasing power parity - $52.9 billion (2002 est.)	-
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 43% industry: 17% services: 40% (1999 est.)	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $1,400 (2002 est.)	-
GDP - real growth rate	5.1% (2002 est.)	NA%
Geographic coordinates	15 00 N, 30 00 E	36 08 N, 5 21 W
Geography - note	largest country in Africa; dominated by the Nile and its tributaries	strategic location on Strait of Gibraltar that links the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea
Heliports	2 (2002)	-
Highways	total: 11,900 km paved: 4,320 km unpaved: 7,580 km (1999 est.)	-
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	NA (2001)	NA bbl/day
Imports - commodities	foodstuffs, manufactured goods, refinery and transport equipment, medicines and chemicals, textiles, wheat	fuels, manufactured goods, and foodstuffs
Imports - partners	China 19.7%, Saudi Arabia 7.4%, Germany 5.5%, India 5.5%, UK 5.4%, Indonesia 4.7%, Australia 4% (2002)	Spain 23.4%, Russia 12.3%, Italy 12%, UK 9%, France 8.9%, Netherlands 6.8%, US 4.7% (2006)
Independence	1 January 1956 (from Egypt and UK)	none (overseas territory of the UK)
Industrial production growth rate	8.5% (1999 est.)	NA%
Industries	oil, cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, armaments, automobile/light truck assembly	tourism, banking and finance, ship repairing, tobacco
Infant mortality rate	total: 65.59 deaths/1,000 live births male: 66.3 deaths/1,000 live births female: 64.85 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)	total: 4.98 deaths/1,000 live births male: 5.54 deaths/1,000 live births female: 4.39 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	9.2% (2002 est.)	1.5% (1998)
International organization participation	ABEDA, ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO (observer)	Interpol (subbureau), UPU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	2 (2002)	-
Irrigated land	19,500 sq km (1998 est.)	NA
Judicial branch	Supreme Court; Special Revolutionary Courts	Supreme Court; Court of Appeal
Labor force	11 million (1996 est.)	12,690 (including non-Gibraltar laborers) (2001)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 80%, industry and commerce 7%, government 13% (1998 est.)	agriculture: negligible industry: 40% services: 60% (2001)
Land boundaries	total: 7,687 km border countries: Central African Republic 1,165 km, Chad 1,360 km, Democratic Republic of the Congo 628 km, Egypt 1,273 km, Eritrea 605 km, Ethiopia 1,606 km, Kenya 232 km, Libya 383 km, Uganda 435 km	total: 1.2 km border countries: Spain 1.2 km
Land use	arable land: 7.03% permanent crops: 0.08% other: 92.89% (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (2005)
Languages	Arabic (official), Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, Sudanic languages, English note: program of "Arabization" in process	English (used in schools and for official purposes), Spanish, Italian, Portuguese
Legal system	based on English common law and Islamic law; as of 20 January 1991, the now defunct Revolutionary Command Council imposed Islamic law in the northern states; Islamic law applies to all residents of the northern states regardless of their religion; some separate religious courts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations	the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply
Legislative branch	unicameral National Assembly (360 seats; 270 popularly elected, 90 elected by supra assembly of interest groups known as National Congress; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 13-22 December 2000 (next to be held NA December 2004) election results: NCP 355, others 5 note: on 12 December 1999, BASHIR dismissed the National Assembly during an internal power struggle between the president and the speaker of the National Assembly Hassan al-TURABI	unicameral Parliament (18 seats: 17 members elected by popular vote, 1 for the Speaker appointed by Parliament; to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 11 October 2007 (next to be held not later than October 2011) election results: percent of vote by party - GSD 49.3%, GSLP 31.8%, Gibraltar Liberal Party 13.6%; seats by party - GSD 10, GSLP 4, Gibraltar Liberal Party 3
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 57.73 years male: 56.59 years female: 58.93 years (2003 est.)	total population: 79.93 years male: 77.05 years female: 82.96 years (2007 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 61.1% male: 71.8% female: 50.5% (2003 est.)	definition: NA total population: above 80% male: NA female: NA
Location	Northern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea	Southwestern Europe, bordering the Strait of Gibraltar, which links the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southern coast of Spain
Map references	Africa	Europe
Maritime claims	contiguous zone: 18 NM continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation territorial sea: 12 NM	territorial sea: 3 nm
Merchant marine	total: 4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 29,854 GRT/39,084 DWT ships by type: cargo 1, livestock carrier 1, roll on/roll off 2 (2002 est.)	total: 216 ships (1000 GRT or over) 1,422,155 GRT/1,866,572 DWT by type: barge carrier 2, bulk carrier 5, cargo 117, chemical tanker 39, container 31, passenger 1, petroleum tanker 13, roll on/roll off 7, specialized tanker 1 foreign-owned: 201 (Belgium 3, Cyprus 5, Denmark 9, Finland 3, France 1, Germany 117, Greece 8, Iceland 1, Italy 1, Netherlands 11, Norway 27, Sweden 10, UAE 2, UK 3) registered in other countries: 7 (Liberia 7) (2007)
Military - note	-	defense is the responsibility of the UK; the Royal Gibraltar Regiment replaced the last British regular infantry forces in 1992
Military branches	Army, Navy, Air Force, Popular Defense Force Militia	Royal Gibraltar Regiment
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$581 million (2001 est.)	-
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	2.5% (1999)	-
Military manpower - availability	males age 15-49: 9,032,834 (2003 est.)	-
Military manpower - fit for military service	males age 15-49: 5,558,462 (2003 est.)	-
Military manpower - military age	18 years of age (2003 est.)	-
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	males: 429,334 (2003 est.)	-
National holiday	Independence Day, 1 January (1956)	National Day, 10 September (1967); note - day of the national referendum to decide whether to remain with the UK or go with Spain
Nationality	noun: Sudanese (singular and plural) adjective: Sudanese	noun: Gibraltarian(s) adjective: Gibraltar
Natural hazards	dust storms and periodic persistent droughts	NA
Natural resources	petroleum; small reserves of iron ore, copper, chromium ore, zinc, tungsten, mica, silver, gold, hydropower	none
Net migration rate	0.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)
Pipelines	gas 156 km; oil 2,297 km; refined products 810 km (2003)	-
Political parties and leaders	the government allows political "associations" under a 1998 law revised in 2000; to obtain government approval parties must accept the constitution and refrain from advocating or using violence against the regime; approved parties include the National Congress Party or NCP [Ibrahim Ahmed UMAR], Popular National Congress or PNC [Hassan al-TURABI], and over 20 minor, pro-government parties	Gibraltar Liberal Party [Joseph GARCIA]; Gibraltar Social Democrats or GSD [Peter CARUANA]; Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party or GSLP [Joseph John BOSSANO]
Political pressure groups and leaders	Democratic Unionist Party [Muhammed Uthman AL-MIRGHANI]; National Congress Party [Ibrahim Ahmed UMAR]; National Democratic Alliance [Muhammed Uthman AL-MIRGHANI, chairman]; Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army [Dr. John GARANG]; Umma [Sadiq al-MAHDI]	Chamber of Commerce; Gibraltar Representatives Organization; Women's Association
Population	38,114,160 (July 2003 est.)	27,967 (July 2007 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA%
Population growth rate	2.71% (2003 est.)	0.129% (2007 est.)
Ports and harbors	Juba, Khartoum, Kusti, Malakal, Nimule, Port Sudan, Sawakin	-
Radio broadcast stations	AM 12, FM 1, shortwave 1 (1998)	AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998)
Railways	total: 5,978 km narrow gauge: 4,578 km 1.067-m gauge; 1,400 km 0.600-m gauge plantation line (2002)	-
Religions	Sunni Muslim 70% (in north), indigenous beliefs 25%, Christian 5% (mostly in south and Khartoum)	Roman Catholic 78.1%, Church of England 7%, other Christian 3.2%, Muslim 4%, Jewish 2.1%, Hindu 1.8%, other or unspecified 0.9%, none 2.9% (2001 census)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 1.23 male(s)/female total population: 1.03 male(s)/female (2003 est.)	at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.044 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.825 male(s)/female total population: 1.005 male(s)/female (2007 est.)
Suffrage	17 years of age; universal, but noncompulsory	18 years of age; universal; and British citizens who have been residents six months or more
Telephone system	general assessment: large, well-equipped system by regional standards and being upgraded; cellular communications started in 1996 and have expanded substantially domestic: consists of microwave radio relay, cable, radiotelephone communications, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations international: satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat (2000)	general assessment: adequate, automatic domestic system and adequate international facilities domestic: automatic exchange facilities international: country code - 350; radiotelephone; microwave radio relay; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	400,000 (2000)	24,512 (2002)
Telephones - mobile cellular	20,000 (2000)	9,797 (2002)
Television broadcast stations	3 (1997)	1 (plus 3 repeaters) (1997)
Terrain	generally flat, featureless plain; mountains in far south, northeast and west; desert dominates the north	a narrow coastal lowland borders the Rock of Gibraltar
Total fertility rate	5.1 children born/woman (2003 est.)	1.65 children born/woman (2007 est.)
Unemployment rate	18.7% (2002 est.)	2% (2001 est.)
Waterways	5,310 km	-

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